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https://github.com/tidyverse/ggplot2

An implementation of the Grammar of Graphics in R
https://github.com/tidyverse/ggplot2

data-visualisation r visualisation

Last synced: 6 days ago
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An implementation of the Grammar of Graphics in R

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README 

        
---

output: github_document

---



```{r, echo = FALSE}

knitr::opts_chunk$set(

  collapse = TRUE,

  comment = "#>",

  fig.path = "man/figures/README-"

)

```



# ggplot2 



[![R-CMD-check](https://github.com/tidyverse/ggplot2/actions/workflows/R-CMD-check.yaml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/tidyverse/ggplot2/actions/workflows/R-CMD-check.yaml)

[![Codecov test coverage](https://codecov.io/gh/tidyverse/ggplot2/branch/main/graph/badge.svg)](https://app.codecov.io/gh/tidyverse/ggplot2?branch=main)

[![CRAN_Status_Badge](https://www.r-pkg.org/badges/version/ggplot2)](https://cran.r-project.org/package=ggplot2)



## Overview



ggplot2 is a system for declaratively creating graphics, based on [The Grammar of Graphics][gg-book]. You provide the data, tell ggplot2 how to map variables to aesthetics, what graphical primitives to use, and it takes care of the details. 



## Installation



```{r, eval = FALSE}

# The easiest way to get ggplot2 is to install the whole tidyverse:

install.packages("tidyverse")



# Alternatively, install just ggplot2:

install.packages("ggplot2")



# Or the development version from GitHub:

# install.packages("pak")

pak::pak("tidyverse/ggplot2")

```



## Cheatsheet



  



## Usage



It's hard to succinctly describe how ggplot2 works because it embodies a deep philosophy of visualisation. However, in most cases you start with `ggplot()`, supply a dataset and aesthetic mapping (with `aes()`). You then add on layers (like `geom_point()` or `geom_histogram()`), scales (like `scale_colour_brewer()`), faceting specifications (like `facet_wrap()`) and coordinate systems (like `coord_flip()`).



```{r example}

#| fig.alt: "Scatterplot of engine displacement versus highway miles per

#|  gallon, for 234 cars coloured by 7 'types' of car. The displacement and miles

#|  per gallon are inversely correlated."

library(ggplot2)



ggplot(mpg, aes(displ, hwy, colour = class)) + 

  geom_point()

```



## Lifecycle



[![lifecycle](https://img.shields.io/badge/lifecycle-stable-brightgreen.svg)](https://lifecycle.r-lib.org/articles/stages.html)



ggplot2 is now over 10 years old and is used by hundreds of thousands of people to make millions of plots. That means, by-and-large, ggplot2 itself changes relatively little. When we do make changes, they will be generally to add new functions or arguments rather than changing the behaviour of existing functions, and if we do make changes to existing behaviour we will do them for compelling reasons. 



If you are looking for innovation, look to ggplot2's rich ecosystem of extensions. See a community maintained list at .



## Learning ggplot2



If you are new to ggplot2 you are better off starting with a systematic introduction, rather than trying to learn from reading individual documentation pages. Currently, there are three good places to start:



1.  The [Data Visualization][r4ds-vis] and

    [Communication][r4ds-comm] chapters in 

    [R for Data Science][r4ds]. R for Data Science is designed to

    give you a comprehensive introduction to the

    [tidyverse](https://www.tidyverse.org), and these two chapters will

    get you up to speed with the essentials of ggplot2 as quickly as 

    possible.

    

1.  If you'd like to take an online course, try

    [Data Visualization in R With ggplot2][oreilly] by Kara Woo.

    

1.  If you'd like to follow a webinar, try

    [Plotting Anything with ggplot2](https://youtu.be/h29g21z0a68) by Thomas Lin 

    Pedersen.



1.  If you want to dive into making common graphics as quickly 

    as possible, I recommend [The R Graphics Cookbook][cookbook] 

    by Winston Chang. It provides a set of recipes to solve common

    graphics problems.

    

If you've mastered the basics and want to learn more, read [ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis][ggplot2-book]. It describes the theoretical underpinnings of ggplot2 and shows you how all the pieces fit together. This book helps you understand the theory that underpins ggplot2, and will help you create new types of graphics specifically tailored to your needs.



## Getting help



There are two main places to get help with ggplot2:



1.  The [RStudio community][community] is a friendly place to ask any

    questions about ggplot2.



1.  [Stack Overflow][so] is a great source of answers to common ggplot2

    questions. It is also a great place to get help, once you have

    created a reproducible example that illustrates your problem.



[community]: https://forum.posit.co/

[ggplot2-book]: https://ggplot2-book.org

[gg-book]: https://www.amazon.com/Grammar-Graphics-Statistics-Computing/dp/0387245448/ref=as_li_ss_tl

[so]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/ggplot2?sort=frequent&pageSize=50

[cookbook]: https://r-graphics.org

[r4ds]: https://r4ds.hadley.nz

[r4ds-vis]: https://r4ds.hadley.nz/data-visualize

[r4ds-comm]: https://r4ds.hadley.nz/communication

[oreilly]: https://learning.oreilly.com/videos/data-visualization-in/9781491963661/