https://github.com/tigerchen52/awesome_role_of_small_models

a curated list of the role of small models in the LLM era
https://github.com/tigerchen52/awesome_role_of_small_models

List: awesome_role_of_small_models

Last synced: 3 months ago
JSON representation

a curated list of the role of small models in the LLM era

• Host: GitHub
• URL: https://github.com/tigerchen52/awesome_role_of_small_models
• Owner: tigerchen52
• License: mit
• Created: 2024-07-07T21:47:48.000Z (10 months ago)
• Default Branch: master
• Last Pushed: 2024-09-23T10:16:16.000Z (7 months ago)
• Last Synced: 2024-10-14T21:01:34.635Z (6 months ago)
• Language: Python
• Homepage:
• Size: 314 KB
• Stars: 45
• Watchers: 3
• Forks: 1
• Open Issues: 0
• Metadata Files:
  • Readme: README.md
  • License: LICENSE

Awesome Lists containing this project

• awesome_ai_agents - Awesome_Role_Of_Small_Models - a curated list of the role of small models in the LLM era (Building / LLM Models)
• awesome_ai_agents - Awesome_Role_Of_Small_Models - a curated list of the role of small models in the LLM era (Building / LLM Models)

README

        
# The Role of Small Models

[![Awesome](https://awesome.re/badge.svg)]() 

[![PDF](https://img.shields.io/badge/PDF-2409.06857-green)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.06857)

![GitHub License](https://img.shields.io/github/license/tigerchen52/role_of_small_models)

![](https://img.shields.io/badge/PRs-Welcome-red) 

This work is ongoing, and we welcome any comments or suggestions. 

Please feel free to reach out if you find we have overlooked any relevant papers.



What is the Role of Small Models in the LLM Era: A Survey

 




    Lihu Chen1&nbsp&nbsp

    Gaël Varoquaux2&nbsp&nbsp

  




1 Imperial College London, UK &nbsp&nbsp

2  Soda, Inria Saclay, France &nbsp&nbsp





  







## Content List

- [Collaboration](#collaboration)

  - [SMs Enhance LLMs](#sms-enhance-llms)

    - [Data Curation](#data-curation)

      - [Curating pre-training data](#curating-pre-training-data)

      - [Curating Instruction-tuning Data](#curating-instruction-tuning-data)

    - [Weak-to-Strong Paradigm](#weak-to-strong-paradigm)

    - [Efficient Inference](#efficient-inference)

      - [Ensembling different-size models to reduce inference costs](#ensembling-different-size-models-to-reduce-inference-costs)

      - [Speculative Decoding](#speculative-decoding)

    - [Evaluating LLMs](#evaluating-llms)

    - [Domain Adaptation](#domain-adaptation)

      - [Using domain-specific SMs to generate knowledge for LLMs at reasoning time](#using-domain-specific-sms-to-generate-knowledge-for-llms-at-reasoning-time)

      - [Using domain-specific SMs to adjust token probability of LLMs at decoding time](#using-domain-specific-sms-to-adjust-token-probability-of-llms-at-decoding-time)

    - [Retrieval Augmented Generation](#retrieval-augmented-generation)

    - [Prompt-based Reasoning](#prompt-based-reasoning)

    - [Deficiency Repair](#deficiency-repair)

      - [Developing SM plugins to repair deficiencies](#developing-sm-plugins-to-repair-deficiencies)

      - [Contrasting LLMs and SMs for better generations](#contrasting-llms-and-sms-for-better-generations)

  - [LLMs Enhance SMs](#llms-enhance-sms)

    - [Knowledge Distillation](#knowledge-distillation)

      - [Black-box Distillation](#black-box-distillation)

      - [White-box distillation](#white-box-distillation)

    - [Data Synthesis](#data-synthesis)

      - [Data Augmentation](#data-augmentation)

      - [Training Data Generation](#training-data-generation)

- [Competition](#competition)

  - [Computation-constrained Environment](#computation-constrained-environment)

  - [Task-specific Environment](#task-specific-environment)

  - [Interpretability-required Environment](#interpretability-required-environment)

# Collaboration 

    

## SMs Enhance LLMs 

### Data Curation 

#### Curating pre-training data 

  

    Title

    Topic

    Venue

    Code

  

  

    Data selection for language models via importance resampling

    Data Selection

     

      

      

    

   

  

  

    When Less is More: Investigating Data Pruning for Pretraining LLMs at Scale

    Data Selection

     

      

      

     

  

 

    CCNet: Extracting High Quality Monolingual Datasets from Web Crawl Data

    Data Selection

     

      

      

    

   

    

  

 

    QuRating: Selecting High-Quality Data for Training Language Models

    Data Selection

     

      

      

    

   

    

  

  

    DoReMi: Optimizing Data Mixtures Speeds Up Language Model Pretraining

    Data Reweighting

     

      

      

    

   

    

  

#### Curating Instruction-tuning Data 

  

    Title

    Topic

    Venue

    Code

  

  

    MoDS: Model-oriented Data Selection for Instruction Tuning

    Data Selection

     

      

      

    

   

  

  

    LESS: Selecting Influential Data for Targeted Instruction Tuning

    Data Selection

     

      

      

     

  

  

    What Makes Good Data for Alignment? A Comprehensive Study of Automatic Data Selection in Instruction Tuning

    Data Selection

     

      

      

     

  

  

### Weak-to-Strong Paradigm 

#### Using weaker (smaller) models to align stronger (larger) models 

  

    Title

    Topic

    Venue

    Code

  

  

    Weak-to-Strong Generalization: Eliciting Strong Capabilities With Weak Supervision

    Weak-to-Strong

     

      

      

    

   

  

    Weak-to-Strong Search: Align Large Language Models via Searching over Small Language Models

    Weak-to-Strong

     

      

      

    

   

  

    Co-Supervised Learning: Improving Weak-to-Strong Generalization with Hierarchical Mixture of Experts

    Weak-to-Strong

     

      

      

    

   

    Improving Weak-to-Strong Generalization with Reliability-Aware Alignment

    Weak-to-Strong

     

      

      

    

   

    Aligner: Efficient Alignment by Learning to Correct

    Weak-to-Strong

     

      

      

    

   

    Vision Superalignment: Weak-to-Strong Generalization for Vision Foundation Models

    Weak-to-Strong

     

      

      

    

   

    Theoretical Analysis of Weak-to-Strong Generalization

    Weak-to-Strong

     

      

      

    

### Efficient Inference 

#### Ensembling different-size models to reduce inference costs 

  

    Title

    Topic

    Venue

    Code

  

  

    Efficient Edge Inference by Selective Query

    Model Cascading

     

      

      

    

   

  

  

    FrugalGPT: How to Use Large Language Models While Reducing Cost and Improving Performance

    Model Cascading

     

      

      

     

  

  

    Data Shunt: Collaboration of Small and Large Models for Lower Costs and Better Performance

    Model Cascading

     

      

      

    

   

AutoMix: Automatically Mixing Language Models

    Model Cascading

     

      

      

    

   

FrugalML: How to use ML Prediction APIs more accurately and cheaply

    Model Cascading

     

      

      

    

   

Model Cascading: Towards Jointly Improving Efficiency and Accuracy of NLP Systems

    Model Cascading

     

      

      

     

Routing to the Expert: Efficient Reward-guided Ensemble of Large Language Models

    Model Routing

     

      

      

    

Tryage: Real-time, intelligent Routing of User Prompts to Large Language Models

    Model Routing

     

      

      

    

OrchestraLLM: Efficient Orchestration of Language Models for Dialogue State Tracking

    Model Routing

     

      

      

    

    RouteLLM: Learning to Route LLMs with Preference Data

    Model Routing

     

      

      

    

   

    Fly-Swat or Cannon? Cost-Effective Language Model Choice via Meta-Modeling

    Model Routing

     

      

      

    

   

    Hybrid LLM: Cost-Efficient and Quality-Aware Query Routing

    Model Routing

     

      

      

    

   

    LLM-BLENDER: Ensembling Large Language Models

with Pairwise Ranking and Generative Fusion

    Model Routing

     

      

      

    

   

    RouterBench: A Benchmark for Multi-LLM Routing System

    Model Routing

     

      

      

    

   

    Large Language Model Routing with Benchmark Datasets

    Model Routing

     

      

      

     

#### Speculative Decoding 

  

    Title

    Topic

    Venue

    Code

  

  

    Fast Inference from Transformers via Speculative Decoding

    Speculative Decoding

     

      

      

    

   

  

  

    Unlocking Efficiency in Large Language Model Inference: A Comprehensive Survey of Speculative Decoding

    Speculative Decoding

     

      

      

     

  

  

    Accelerating Large Language Model Decoding with Speculative Sampling

    Speculative Decoding

     

      

      

     

  

  

### Evaluating LLMs 

#### Using SMs to evaluate LLM's generations 

  

    Title

    Topic

    Venue

    Code

  

  

    BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT

    General Evaluation

     

      

      

    

   

  

  

    BARTScore: Evaluating Generated Text as Text Generation

    General Evaluation

     

      

      

     

  

  

    Semantic Uncertainty: Linguistic Invariances for Uncertainty Estimation in Natural Language Generation

    Uncertainty

     

      

      

     

  

  

    Selfcheckgpt: Zero-resource black-box hallucination detection for generative large language models

    Uncertainty

     

      

      

     

  

  

    ProxyLM: Predicting Language Model Performance on Multilingual Tasks via Proxy Models

    Performance Prediction

     

      

      

     

  

  

### Domain Adaptation 

#### Using domain-specific SMs to adjust token probability of LLMs at decoding time 

  

    Title

    Topic

    Venue

    Code

  

  

    CombLM: Adapting Black-Box Language Models through Small Fine-Tuned Models

    White-box Domain Adaptation

     

      

      

    

  

  

    Inference-Time Policy Adapters (IPA): Tailoring Extreme-Scale LMs without Fine-tuning

    White-box Domain Adaptation

     

      

      

     

  

  

  

    Tuning Language Models by Proxy

    White-box Domain Adaptation

     

      

      

     

  

  

#### Using domain-specific SMs to generate knowledge for LLMs at reasoning time 

  

    Title

    Topic

    Venue

    Code

  

  

    Knowledge Card: Filling LLMs' Knowledge Gaps with Plug-in Specialized Language Models

    Black-box Domain Adaptation

     

      

      

    

   

  

  

    BLADE: Enhancing Black-box Large Language Models with Small Domain-Specific Models

    Black-box Domain Adaptation

     

      

      

     

  

### Retrieval Augmented Generation 

#### Using SMs to retrieve knowledge for enhancing generations: 

  

    Title

    Topic

    Venue

    Code

  

  

    Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks

    Documents

     

      

      

     

  

  

    KnowledGPT: Enhancing Large Language Models with Retrieval and Storage Access on Knowledge Bases

    Knowledge Bases

     

      

      

     

  

  

    End-to-End Table Question Answering via Retrieval-Augmented Generation

    Tables

     

      

      

     

  

  

    DocPrompting: Generating Code by Retrieving the Docs 

    Codes

     

      

      

    

   

  

  

    Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Tools 

    Tools

     

      

      

    

   

  

  

    Retrieval-Augmented Multimodal Language Modeling

    Images

     

      

      

    

  

### Prompt-based Reasoning 

#### Using SMs to augment prompts for LLMs 

  

    Title

    Topic

    Venue

    Code

  

  

    UPRISE: Universal Prompt Retrieval for Improving Zero-Shot Evaluation

    Retrieving Prompts

     

      

      

     

   

  

  

    Small Language Models Fine-tuned to Coordinate Larger Language Models improve Complex Reasoning

    Decomposing Complex Problems

     

      

      

     

  

  

  

    Small Models are Valuable Plug-ins for Large Language Models

    Generating Pseudo Labels

     

      

      

     

  

  

  

    Can Small Language Models Help Large Language Models Reason Better?: LM-Guided Chain-of-Thought

    Generating Pseudo Labels

     

      

      

     

  

  

    CaLM: Contrasting Large and Small Language Models to Verify Grounded Generation

    Generating Feedback

     

      

      

     

  

  

    Small Language Models Improve Giants by Rewriting Their Outputs

    Generating Feedback

     

      

      

    

   

  

### Deficiency Repair 

#### Developing SM plugins to repair deficiencies: 

  

    Title

    Topic

    Venue

    Code

  

  

    Small Agent Can Also Rock! Empowering Small Language Models as Hallucination Detector

    Hallucinations

     

      

      

     

   

  

  

    Reconfidencing LLMs from the Grouping Loss Perspective

    Hallucinations

     

      

      

    

  

  

    Imputing Out-of-Vocabulary Embeddings with LOVE Makes LanguageModels Robust with Little Cost

    Out-Of-Vocabulary Words

     

      

      

     

  

  

#### Contrasting LLMs and SMs for better generations: 

  

    Title

    Topic

    Venue

    Code

  

  

    Contrastive Decoding: Open-ended Text Generation as Optimization

    Reducing Repeated Texts

     

      

      

     

   

  

  

    Alleviating Hallucinations of Large Language Models through Induced Hallucinations

    Mitigating Hallucinations

     

      

      

    

  

  

    Contrastive Decoding Improves Reasoning in Large Language Models

    Augmenting Reasoning Capabilities

     

      

      

     

  

  

    CoGenesis: A Framework Collaborating Large and Small Language Models for Secure Context-Aware Instruction Following

    Safeguarding Privacy

     

      

      

     

  

## LLMs Enhance SMs 

### Knowledge Distillation 

#### Black-box Distillation: 

  

    Title

    Topic

    Venue

    Code

  

  

    Explanations from Large Language Models Make Small Reasoners Better

    Chain-Of-Thought Distillation

     

      

      

     

  

  

    Distilling Step-by-Step! Outperforming Larger Language Models

with Less Training Data and Smaller Model Sizes

    Chain-Of-Thought Distillation

     

      

      

    

  

  

  

    Distilling Reasoning Capabilities into Smaller Language Models

    Chain-Of-Thought Distillation

     

      

      

    

   

  

  

    Teaching Small Language Models to Reason

    Chain-Of-Thought Distillation

     

      

      

     

  

  

    Symbolic Chain-of-Thought Distillation: Small Models Can Also "Think" Step-by-Step

    Chain-Of-Thought Distillation

     

      

      

    

    

  

  

    Specializing Smaller Language Models towards Multi-Step Reasoning

    Chain-Of-Thought Distillation

     

      

      

      

  

  

    TinyLLM: Learning a Small Student from Multiple Large Language Models

    Chain-Of-Thought Distillation

     

      

      

     

  

  

    Lion: Adversarial Distillation of Proprietary Large Language Models

    Instruction Following Distillation

     

      

      

     

  

  

      

    Selective Reflection-Tuning: Student-Selected Data Recycling for LLM Instruction-Tuning

    Instruction Following Distillation

     

      

      

     

   

  

#### White-box Distillation: 

  

    Title

    Topic

    Venue

    Code

  

  

    DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter

    Logits

     

      

      

     

  

  

    ZeroQuant: Efficient and Affordable Post-Training Quantization for Large-Scale Transformers

    Intermediate Features

     

      

      

    

  

  

  

    Less is More: Task-aware Layer-wise Distillation for Language Model Compression

    Intermediate Features

     

      

      

    

  

  

  

    MiniLLM: Knowledge Distillation of Large Language Models

    Intermediate Features

     

      

      

    

  

  

  

    LLM-QAT: Data-Free Quantization Aware Training for Large Language Models

    Intermediate Features

     

      

      

    

  

### Data Synthesis 

#### Data Augmentation: 

  

    Title

    Topic

    Venue

    Code

  

  

    Improving data augmentation for low resource speech-to-text translation with diverse paraphrasing

    Text Paraphrase

     

      

      

     

  

  

    Paraphrasing with Large Language Models

    Text Paraphrase

     

      

      

    

  

  

    Query Rewriting for Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models

    Query Rewriting

     

      

      

    

  

  

  

    LLMvsSmall Model? Large Language Model Based Text Augmentation Enhanced Personality Detection Model

    Specific Tasks

     

      

      

    

  

  

    Data Augmentation for Intent Classification with Off-the-shelf Large Language Models

    Specific Tasks

     

      

      

    

  

  

  

    Weakly Supervised Data Augmentation Through Prompting for Dialogue Understanding

    Specific Tasks

     

      

      

    

  

#### Training Data Generation: 

  

    Title

    Topic

    Venue

    Code

  

  

    Want To Reduce Labeling Cost? GPT-3 Can Help

    Label Annotation

     

      

      

     

  

  

    Self-Guided Noise-Free Data Generation for Efficient Zero-Shot Learning

    Label Annotation

     

      

      

    

  

  

    ZeroGen: Efficient Zero-shot Learning via Dataset Generation

    Dataset Generation

     

      

      

    

  

  

  

    Generating Training Data with Language Models: Towards Zero-Shot Language Understanding

    Dataset Generation

     

      

      

    

  

  

  

    Increasing Diversity While Maintaining Accuracy: Text Data Generation with Large Language Models and Human Interventions

    Dataset Generation

     

      

      

    

  

  

    Synthetic Data Generation with Large Language Models for Text Classification: Potential and Limitations

    Dataset Generation

     

      

      

    

  

  

    Does Synthetic Data Generation of LLMs Help Clinical Text Mining?

    Dataset Generation

     

      

      

    

  

  

    Exploiting Asymmetry for Synthetic Training Data Generation: SynthIE and the Case of Information Extraction

    Dataset Generation

     

      

      

    

  

  

  

    ToxiGen: A Large-Scale Machine-Generated Dataset for Adversarial and Implicit Hate Speech Detection

    Dataset Generation

     

      

      

    

  

  

# Competition 

## Computation-constrained Environment 

## Task-specific Environment 

## Interpretability-required Environment 

## Citation

```

@misc{chen2024rolesmallmodelsllm,

      title={What is the Role of Small Models in the LLM Era: A Survey}, 

      author={Lihu Chen and Gaël Varoquaux},

      year={2024},

      eprint={2409.06857},

      archivePrefix={arXiv},

      primaryClass={cs.CL},

      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.06857}, 

}

``````