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https://github.com/timoknapp/rpi-nas

🌐👨‍💻💻 Setup your own NAS on a Raspberry Pi
https://github.com/timoknapp/rpi-nas
cloudcmd docker docker-compose hacktoberfest heimdall nas openmediavault plex plex-media-server portainer pyload raspberry-pi
Last synced: about 1 month ago
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🌐👨‍💻💻 Setup your own NAS on a Raspberry Pi
Host: GitHub
URL: https://github.com/timoknapp/rpi-nas
Owner: timoknapp
License: mit
Created: 2020-01-05T11:49:40.000Z (almost 5 years ago)
Default Branch: master
Last Pushed: 2024-07-16T12:03:56.000Z (5 months ago)
Last Synced: 2024-10-11T00:57:46.688Z (2 months ago)
Topics: cloudcmd, docker, docker-compose, hacktoberfest, heimdall, nas, openmediavault, plex, plex-media-server, portainer, pyload, raspberry-pi
Homepage:
Size: 6.35 MB
Stars: 61
Watchers: 2
Forks: 10
Open Issues: 0
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
- License: LICENSE
Awesome Lists containing this project

README

        # Raspberry PI NAS

Setup your own NAS on a Raspberry Pi.

## Preview

### Dashboard

![dashboard](screenshots/dashboard.jpg)

### Monitoring

![grafana](screenshots/grafana.jpg)

## Table of Contents

- [Hardware](#hardware)

- [OS](#os)

  * [SSH](#ssh)

- [SMB Shares](#smb-shares)

  * [Format Drives](#format-drives)

  * [Mount Drives](#mount-drives)

    + [Prepare Disks](#prepare-disks)

    + [Mount Disks manually](#mount-disks-manually)

    + [Mount Disks automatically](#mount-disks-automatically)

  * [Setup SMB Server](#setup-smb-server)

  * [Setup TimeMachine Share](#setup-timemachine-share)

  * [Other useful things](#other-useful-things)

    + [HD-Idle](#hd-idle)

    + [Log2Ram](#log2ram)

    + [Check Disk Utilization](#check-disk-utilization)

- [Docker Setup](#docker-setup)

  * [Install Docker](#install-docker)

  * [Prepare Docker Environment](#prepare-docker-environment)

    + [1. Clone Repository](#1-clone-repository)

    + [2. Configure your Setup](#2-configure-your-setup)

    + [3. Run Compose-Stack](#3-run-compose-stack)

    + [4. Try it out](#4-try-it-out)

  * [Components](#components)

    + [Configure Pi-hole](#configure-pi-hole)

- [CloudflareD](#cloudflared)

## Hardware

- [Raspberry Pi 4 4GB](https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-4-model-b/)

- [SD Card 32GB (Silicon Power)](https://www.amazon.de/dp/B07RMXNLF4?psc=1&ref=ppx_yo2ov_dt_b_product_details)

- [QNAP TR-004 RAID Storage (RAID 5)](https://www.qnap.com/en-us/product/tr-004)

- [SEAGATE IronWolf 4TB (ST4000VN006)](https://www.seagate.com/de/de/products/nas-drives/ironwolf-hard-drive/)

If you want to use a software based RAID setup instead, you need to format your drives first. You can use the following guides to setup a RAID 5 with Btfs:

- [RAID 5 with Btfs](https://archive.kernel.org/oldwiki/btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Using_Btrfs_with_Multiple_Devices.html#)

- [New documentation](https://btrfs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/mkfs.btrfs.html#multiple-devices)

## OS

- 64 bit Raspbian

- Vanilla Rasbperry Pi OS Bullseye (e.g. Raspberry Pi OS LITE 64 bit) [Installation guide](https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/)

### SSH

More documentation to [enable SSH](https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/remote-access/ssh/README.md) or [generate Keys](https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/remote-access/ssh/passwordless.md).

```bash

# Enable SSH

sudo systemctl enable ssh

sudo systemctl start ssh

# SSH Keys

ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C

```

## SMB Shares

### Format Drives

```bash

# List Disks

sudo fdisk -l

# Open Disk (replace X with the disk letter)

sudo fdisk /dev/sdX 

# Create Partititon

n

default

default

default

w

# Check Table

sudo fdisk -l

# Format the partition (replace X with the disk letter)

sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdX1

```

More documentation can be found [here](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/linux-create-partition).

### Mount Drives

#### Prepare Disks

In order to identify the disks with a descriptive name, we need to add a label to the disks. This can be done with the following commands.

```bash

# List Disks

sudo fdisk -l

# Goal state

# /dev/disk/by-label/qnap (8TB)        | LABEL="qnap"

# Add Label to Disks: (replace X with the disk letter)

sudo e2label /dev/sdX1 qnap

```

#### Mount Disks manually

```bash

# Change Owner of /mnt directory (Otherwise SMB Shares cannot be mounted)

sudo chown root:users /mnt

# Create Mount Points

sudo mkdir /mnt/qnap

# Check Permissions

stat /mnt/qnap

# Change Owner (replace $USER with your username)

sudo chown -R $USER:users /mnt/qnap/*

# Change Permissions

chmod -R 775 /mnt/qnap/*

# Mount Disks

mount /dev/disk/by-label/qnap /mnt/qnap/

# (Optional) Mount Disks with User Permissions

mount -o user=$USER /dev/disk/by-label/qnap /mnt/qnap/

```

More documentation can be found [here](https://linuxhint.com/mount_usb_drive_debian/).

#### Mount Disks automatically

```bash

# Identify UUIDs or Labels of the disks

sudo blkid

# Edit /etc/fstab

sudo nano /etc/fstab

# Add the following lines to /etc/fstab

#LABEL=qnap /mnt/qnap ext4 nofail,x-systemd.device-timeout=1ms 0 0

LABEL=qnap /mnt/qnap ext4 defaults 0 0

```

More documentation can be found [here](https://raspberrypi-guide.github.io/filesharing/mounting-external-drive#set-up-automatic-mounting).

### Setup SMB Server

```bash

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get upgrade

# Install Samba

sudo apt-get install samba samba-common-bin

# Setup Shares

sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf

# Add Configuration to smb.conf (replace $USER with your username)

Comment out all lines under "Share Definitions" and add the following lines:

[nas]

    path = /mnt/qnap/nas

    writeable = Yes

    create mask = 0775

    directory mask = 0775

    public = no

    force user = $USER

    force group = $USER

[timemachine]

    path = /mnt/qnap/timemachine

    writeable = Yes

    vfs objects = catia fruit streams_xattr

    fruit:time machine = yes

    public = no

# Setup SMB User (replace $USER with your username)

sudo smbpasswd -a $USER

# Restart Samba service

sudo systemctl restart smbd

# Check SMB Status including Version

sudo smbstatus

```

More documentation can be found [here](https://pimylifeup.com/raspberry-pi-samba/) and [here](https://www.jeffgeerling.com/blog/2021/htgwa-create-samba-smb-share-on-raspberry-pi).

### Setup TimeMachine Share

```bash

# Check if Avahi service is running

sudo systemctl status avahi-daemon

# If the `avahi-daemon` is not installed, install it with the following command:

sudo apt install avahi-daemon

sudo nano /etc/avahi/services/samba.service

# Add Configuration to samba.service

# You can choose different Icons of your Server based on this file

# /System/Library/CoreServices/CoreTypes.bundle/Contents/Info.plist

# https://simonwheatley.co.uk/2008/04/avahi-finder-icons/

  %h

  

    _smb._tcp

    445

  

  

    _device-info._tcp

    9

    model=RackMac3,1

    model=MacPro7,1@ECOLOR=226,226,224

  

  

    _adisk._tcp

    9

    dk0=adVN=timemachine,adVF=0x82

    sys=adVF=0x100

  

# Restart Avahi service

sudo systemctl restart avahi-daemon

```

More documentation can be found [here](https://ovechkin.xyz/blog/2021-12-13-using-raspberry-pi-for-time-machine). After modifying the samba.service file, the TimeMachine share should be visible in the Finder.

### Other useful things

#### HD-Idle

Setup HDD spin down times to save energy and increase lifetime of the disks.

```bash

# Install hd-idle

sudo apt install hd-idle

# Configure hd-idle

sudo nano /etc/default/hd-idle

# Change line according to your available disks. Replace X with the disk letter.

# The following line will set the default to 0 and the custom idle time for disk sdX to 8 minutes. Save File afterwards.

HD_IDLE_OPTS="-i 0 -a sdX -i 480 -l /var/log/hd-idle.log"

# Configure hd-idle service

sudo nano /lib/systemd/system/hd-idle.service

# Add the following lines in the "[Service]" section

# This will make sure that the service will be restarted in case of errors.

[Service]

...

Restart=always

RestartSec=3

# Restart Systemd Deamon

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

# Restart hd-idle

sudo systemctl restart hd-idle

# Check if hd-idle is running

systemctl status hd-idle

# Check if disks are spinning down

cat /var/log/hd-idle.log

```

More documentation can be found [here](https://www.htpcguides.com/spin-down-and-manage-hard-drive-power-on-raspberry-pi/)

#### Log2Ram

```bash

sudo apt update

sudo apt install log2ram

# Check if log2ram is running (after reboot!)

systemctl status log2ram

```

More documentation can be found [here](https://github.com/azlux/log2ram).

#### Check Disk Utilization

```bash

df -h

```

## Docker Setup

### Install Docker

I recommend to install it yourself following a simple [guide](https://dev.to/rohansawant/installing-docker-and-docker-compose-on-the-raspberry-pi-in-5-simple-steps-3mgl).

### Prepare Docker Environment

All following commands need to be run from your Raspberry PI. Either connect via `SSH` or direct access.

#### 1. Clone Repository

```bash

git clone https://github.com/timoknapp/rpi-nas.git

cd rpi-nas

```

#### 2. Configure your Setup

Replace Placeholders in `docker-compose.yml` file:

- ${PATH_TO_DISK} with related Path on your PI

- Execute the following command on your PI:  ``id `whoami` ``

  - Replace ${USER_ID} with the integer value of `uid`.

  - Replace ${GROUP_ID} with the integer value of `gid`.

- Set password `postgres` user

#### 3. Run Compose-Stack

```bash

docker-compose up

```

#### 4. Try it out

Opening a browser with the IP of your PI should show now the Heimdall dashboard. A configured dashboard would like like one on top. (e.g. `http://IP-OF-YOUR-PI`)

### Components

Following show all the applications of the `docker-compose.yml` related to their exposed ports on the host.

| Application | Port | URL | Optional |

| ------------| ---- | --- | -------- |

| [Portainer](https://github.com/portainer/portainer) | 9000 | http://localhost:9000 | |

| [Heimdall Dashboard](https://github.com/linuxserver/Heimdall) | 80, 443 | http://localhost, https://localhost | |

| [Pi-hole](https://github.com/pi-hole/docker-pi-hole) | 53, 8080 | http://localhost:8080 | |

| [CloudflareD](https://github.com/cloudflare/cloudflared) | - | | |

| [Homebridge](https://github.com/homebridge/homebridge) | 8581 | http://localhost:8581 | |

| [Deconz Conbee](https://github.com/deconz-community/deconz-docker) | 8888, 8443 | http://localhost:8888, https://localhost:8443 | |

| [Plex](https://github.com/linuxserver/docker-plex) | 32400 | http://localhost:32400/web/index.html | yes |

| [CloudCmd](https://github.com/coderaiser/cloudcmd) | 8008 | http://localhost:8008 | yes |

| [pyLoad](https://github.com/linuxserver/docker-pyload) | 8088 | http://localhost:8088 | |

| [Nextcloud](https://github.com/nextcloud/server) | 8081 | http://localhost:8081 | yes |

| [Home-Assistant](https://github.com/home-assistant/core)(1) | 8123 | http://localhost:8123 | yes |

| [Grafana](https://github.com/grafana/grafana) | 3000 | http://localhost:3000 | |

| [InfluxDB](https://github.com/influxdata/influxdb) | - | | |

| [Telegraf](https://github.com/influxdata/telegraf) | - | | |

| [Internet Speedtest](https://github.com/kjake/internet-speedtest-docker) | - | | yes |

Optional means that the application is not necessary for the NAS to work properly. It is just a nice to have. If you want to use it, you need to uncomment the related lines in the `docker-compose.yml` file.

(1) In order to expose your external devices using Zigbee/Z-Wave dongles to the Home Assistant container, you can read this [guide](https://www.home-assistant.io/docs/installation/docker/#exposing-devices)

#### Configure Pi-hole

- Open `http://IP-OF-YOUR-PI:8080/admin` and login with the password you set in the `docker-compose.yml` file.

- Go to `Settings` -> `DNS` -> `Interface settings` and change the setting from `Allow only local requests` to `Permit all origins` -> `Save`. (This could already be set by the environment variable [`DNSMASQ_LISTENING`](https://github.com/pi-hole/docker-pi-hole?tab=readme-ov-file#optional-variables) in the `docker-compose.yml` file)

  - This will add the following line in `/etc/dnsmasq.d/01-pihole.conf`:

  ```bash

  except-interface=nonexisting

  ```

  > Since the Pi-hole is running in a docker container, it is not possible to use the `Allow only local requests` setting as its only considering the local network of the container.

- Go to `Settings` -> `System` -> `Disable Query Logging`.

  > Since we want to use the Pi-hole as a DNS server only, we don't need to log any queries. This will reduce the amount of writes to the disk and will allow us to run Pi-hole in anonymous mode.

- Add the following lines to `/etc/pihole/pihole-FTL.conf`:

  ```bash

  PRIVACYLEVEL=3 #; 0=show everything, 1=hide domains, 2=hide domains and clients, 3=anonymous mode

  #; MAXLOGAGE=24.0 #; up to how many hours of logs to show in pihole web interface

  MAXDBDAYS=7 #; delete entries older than 30 days. Setting this to 0 will disable the database.

  DBINTERVAL=60.0 #; write to the pihole-FTL.db file every 30 minutes (lets the HDD spin down)

  #; DBFILE=/etc/pihole/pihole-FTL.db #; path to the database file. Setting this to DBFILE= disables the database altogether

  ```

  

- Restart Pi-hole container!

#### Configure CloudflareD

Tdb.

- Add your Cloudflare API Token to the `TUNNEL_TOKEN` variable in the `docker-compose.yml` file.

More configuration options can be found [here](https://developers.cloudflare.com/cloudflare-one/connections/connect-networks/) or [here](https://docs.pi-hole.net/guides/dns/cloudflared/).