https://github.com/ufechner7/climate
https://github.com/ufechner7/climate
Last synced: 5 months ago
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- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/ufechner7/climate
- Owner: ufechner7
- Created: 2023-04-15T19:48:07.000Z (over 3 years ago)
- Default Branch: main
- Last Pushed: 2023-04-17T06:21:52.000Z (over 3 years ago)
- Last Synced: 2025-03-17T13:09:26.427Z (over 1 year ago)
- Language: Julia
- Size: 12.8 MB
- Stars: 0
- Watchers: 2
- Forks: 0
- Open Issues: 0
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Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
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README
# Climate and environmental impact of the energy transisition
## Introduction
The transisition to 100% renewables is required to reach zero CO2 emissions. But building a 100% renewable energy system also causes emissions, but also requires sufficient minerals.
How could the transition look like?
As a start, I use the CO2 emmissions and the use of copper as indicators.
## Context
As context I choose "The Netherlands" and a 6 MW onshore wind turbine from Vestas.
### 2040 scenario
- offshore wind: 54.1 TWh
- solar: 18.0 TWh
- onshore wind: 12.9 TWh
- biomass: 8.2 TWh
---
- gas: 40.5 TWh
- oil: 1.7 TWh
- other: 1.4 TWh
90.2 TWh renewable, 43.6 TWh other, 133.8 total, 67.4% renewables
### 2020 reference
- onshore wind 23.25 peta joule 6.46 TWh
- offshore wind 17.95 peta joule 4.99 TWh
### to build
- onshore wind 6.44 TWh
- offshore wind 49.11 TWh
Required turbines: 293
Turbines per year: 14.6
### Wind turbine
- production per year 22.0 GWh at 8 m/s
- production lifetime 440 GWh
- 5.6 g CO2 per kWh
- 2464 T CO2 emmisions for building and operating one turbine
### Electricity from gas
238.8 g CO2 per kWh for liquid gas imports
### Copper usage
https://www.cnbc.com/2022/07/14/copper-is-key-to-electric-vehicles-wind-and-solar-power-were-short-supply.html
https://copperalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/2017.06-E-Mobility-Factsheet-1.pdf
## Carbon budget
380 GT as of 2023
21 GT per year until 2032 8 Billion people on earth in 2023
2.625 T per year budget per person
My footprint 3 T per year
https://www.milieucentraal.nl/klimaat-en-aarde/klimaatverandering/wat-is-je-co2-voetafdruk/
https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-what-the-tiny-remaining-1-5c-carbon-budget-means-for-climate-policy/
## References
https://www.pbl.nl/sites/default/files/downloads/pbl-2011-exploration-of-pathways-towards-a-clean-economy-by-2050.pdf
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1190017/netherlands-energy-production-outlook-by-source/
https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/news/2021/22/11-percent-of-energy-consumption-from-renewable-sources-in-2020
https://globalwindatlas.info/en/area/Netherlands