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https://github.com/yds12/x64-roadmap

A roadmap to learn x64 assembly using nasm on Linux.
https://github.com/yds12/x64-roadmap

assembly assembly-language assembly-x86-64 guide linux nasm nasm-assembly tutorial

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A roadmap to learn x64 assembly using nasm on Linux.

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README 

        
This is a roadmap for learning x86 assembly, using

[nasm](https://www.nasm.us/) on Linux. I will try to list the topics as I

learn, sorting them from the most basic to most advanced, adding a series of

small tasks and reference material for each topic.



As I complete each task/topic, a check mark (✓) will be added to the item

and a pointer to the solution will be provided. All solutions are inside

the `tasks` directory.



# Roadmap



## The Basics



* ✓ Install the necessary tools ([`installation/`](tasks/installation))



  * ✓ Install `nasm` ([`nasm.md`](tasks/installation/nasm.md))



  * ✓ Install `ld`, `gcc`, `hexdump`, `objdump` (most Linux distros 

  already come with this installed)



* ✓ First program: the `exit` system call ([`first_prog/`](tasks/first_prog))



  * ✓ Write, assemble and run a program that "does nothing", and check 

  the return value ([`build.md`](tasks/first_prog/build.md))



  * ✓ Try to exit with various exit codes 

  ([`exit8.asm`](tasks/first_prog/exit8.asm) and

  [`exit256.asm`](tasks/first_prog/exit256.asm))



* ✓ Make a "hello world" program ([`hello.asm`](tasks/helloworld/hello.asm))



* ✓ Call assembly functions from C ([`call_from_c`](tasks/call_from_c/run.md))



  * ✓ Write an assembly program with a callable function that returns a

  64-bit integer ([`ret_int64.asm`](tasks/call_from_c/ret_int64.asm))



  * ✓ Write a small C program that calls this assembly function and displays

  the result in decimal, hexadecimal and binary formats 

  ([`caller.c`](tasks/call_from_c/caller.c))



  * ✓ Write a program with a function that returns a negative number

  ([`ret_neg.asm`](tasks/call_from_c/ret_neg.asm))



* Registers ([`registers`](tasks/registers))



  * ✓ Register names and sizes ([theory](tasks/registers/theory.md))



  * The `mov` instruction



  * ✓ Write a program that moves values between registers of different sizes

  ([run](tasks/registers/run.md))



  * The `xchg` instruction



* ✓ Look into machine code 

  ([`inspect_binary/howto.md`](tasks/inspect_binary/howto.md))



  * ✓ Check out the machine code of a program with `hexdump`



  * ✓ Disassemble a program with `objdump`



* ✓ Basic Arithmetic ([`arithmetic/run.md`](tasks/arithmetic/run.md))



  * ✓ Make a program that sums two numbers 

  ([`add.asm`](tasks/arithmetic/add.asm))



  * ✓ Make a program that subtracts two numbers

  ([`sub.asm`](tasks/arithmetic/sub.asm))

  

  * ✓ Make a program that uses increment

  ([`inc.asm`](tasks/arithmetic/inc.asm))



  * ✓ Make a program that uses decrement

  ([`dec.asm`](tasks/arithmetic/dec.asm))



  * ✓ Make a program that uses unsigned integer multiplication

  ([`mul.asm`](tasks/arithmetic/mul.asm))

  

  * ✓ Make a program that uses signed integer multiplication

  ([`imul.asm`](tasks/arithmetic/imul.asm))



  * ✓ Make a program that obtains the negative of a number

  ([`neg.asm`](tasks/arithmetic/neg.asm))



* ✓ Labels and Unconditional Jumps ([`jump`](tasks/jump))



  * ✓ Write a program with a `jmp` instruction

  ([`jump.asm`](tasks/jump/jump.asm) and [`labels.asm`](tasks/jump/labels.asm))



* ✓ Flags, Comparisons and Conditional Jumps 

  ([`flags/theory.md`](tasks/flags/theory.md))



  * ✓ Write a program with a conditional jump 

  ([`cond_jump.asm`](tasks/flags/cond_jump.asm))



  * ✓ Write a program with a loop ([`loop.asm`](tasks/flags/loop.asm))



  * ✓ Write a program using the overflow flag

  ([`overflow.asm`](tasks/flags/overflow.asm))



  * ✓ Write a program contrasting the above and below comparisons with the

  greater than and less than comparisons

  ([`above_below.asm`](tasks/flags/above_below.asm))



* Logical and Bitwise Operations ([`logical`](tasks/logical))



  * ✓ Use AND and OR ([`and_or.asm`](tasks/logical/and_or.asm))

  

  * ✓ Use NOT and XOR ([`not_xor.asm`](tasks/logical/not_xor.asm))



  * ✓ Shift and Rotate operations ([`shift.asm`](tasks/logical/shift.asm))



* ✓ Data Types, Memory Addressing and the `.data` Section

  ([`data/run.md`](tasks/data/run.md))



  * ✓ How memory works in Linux?

  ([`theory.md`](tasks/data/theory.md))



  * ✓ Write a program that uses the `.data` section

  ([`print_data.asm`](tasks/data/print_data.asm))

 

  * ✓ Write a program that uses different data types

  ([`types.asm`](tasks/data/types.asm))



  * ✓ Write a program that uses addressing with displacement

  ([`ret4bytes.asm`](tasks/data/ret4bytes.asm))



  * ✓ Write a program using addressing with a base register,

  an index register and scale factor

  ([`ret_words.asm`](tasks/data/ret_words.asm))



  * ✓ Write a program using the `.bss` section

  ([`bss.asm`](tasks/data/bss.asm))



  * ✓ Write a program that uses a "global variable" from the `.bss` section

  ([`var_bss.asm`](tasks/data/var_bss.asm))



  * ✓ Write a program that increments a "global variable" from the 

  `.bss` section ([`inc_var.asm`](tasks/data/inc_var.asm))



  * ✓ Write a program that manipulates an array

  ([`array.asm`](tasks/data/array.asm))



* ✓ The Stack ([`stack/theory.md`](tasks/stack/theory.md))



  * ✓ Write a program that uses `push` and `pop`

  ([`push_pop.asm`](tasks/stack/push_pop.asm))



  * ✓ Write a program that uses the stack pointer to allocate space and

  access elements on the stack ([`sp.asm`](tasks/stack/sp.asm) and

  [`sp2.asm`](tasks/stack/sp2.asm))



* ✓ The `call` Instruction ([`call/theory.md`](tasks/call/theory.md))



  * ✓ Write a program that uses `call` ([`call.asm`](tasks/call/call.asm))



  * ✓ Write a program that `call`s a `print` function/subroutine

  ([`print_func.asm`](tasks/call/print_func.asm))



* Calling External Functions



  * ✓ Write a program divided in two files using `extern`/`global`

  ([`uselib.asm`](tasks/extern/uselib.asm) and

  [`lib.asm`](tasks/extern/lib.asm))



  * ✓ Write a program divided into two `.asm` files using the `include` macro

  ([`includer.asm`](tasks/extern/includer.asm) and

  [`include.asm`](tasks/extern/include.asm))



  * Write a library with a function containing arguments, and call it from

  another `asm` file



  * Call a function from C



  * Write an assembly library function that takes arguments, and call it from C



  * Write an assembly program that calls a C function



  * ✓ Write an assembly program that calls a C library function

  ([`malloc.asm`](tasks/extern/malloc.asm))



* Using the Heap



  * Use C's `malloc` and `free` to allocate and free memory dynamically



* Special `mov` instructions



  * Sign and Zero Extend `mov` and "size casting" directive



  * Conditional `mov`



* ✓ Arithmetic 2



  * ✓ Write a program with division operations

  ([`idiv.asm`](tasks/arith2/idiv.asm))

  

  * ✓ Write a program that does proper signed divisions with sign extensions

  ([`sx.asm`](tasks/arith2/sx.asm))



* Manipulating Strings



* Floating point arithmetic



* NASM local labels



## Challenges



* Write a function that receives an integer and prints it



* Write a function that receives an integer and returns a string with it