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https://github.com/yoursrijit/dbms-oracle-sql
https://github.com/yoursrijit/dbms-oracle-sql
mysql sql
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- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/yoursrijit/dbms-oracle-sql
- Owner: yourSrijit
- Created: 2023-02-19T11:40:01.000Z (over 1 year ago)
- Default Branch: main
- Last Pushed: 2024-06-15T14:35:18.000Z (5 months ago)
- Last Synced: 2024-06-15T23:45:14.274Z (5 months ago)
- Topics: mysql, sql
- Homepage:
- Size: 14.6 KB
- Stars: 1
- Watchers: 1
- Forks: 0
- Open Issues: 0
-
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
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README
# SQL AND DBMS 2023
---
## Day 1 ✅
### Data types in SQL
```
- int
- varchar2
- Number
- Date DD-MMM-YY (03-AUG-18) DD-MMM-YYY (03-AUG-2024)
```
### Start Connection
```
connect
enter username
enter password
```
### Creating Table
```
CREATE TABLE STUDENT
(
ID VARCHAR2(3) // PRIMARY KEY,
NAME VARCHAR2(20),
CITY VARCHAR(10),
SALARY NUMBER(10),
DOB DATE,
PRIMARY KEY(ID)
// PRIMARY KEY(ID,NAME) MORE THAN ONE ATTRIBUTES ARE PRIMARY KEY => COMPOSIT KEY
);
```
### Describe Tabel
` DESC TABLE-NAME `
### Drop Table
` DROP TABLE Table-Name` it will delete TABLE totaly
### Insert value & Display Table
```
INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES('E01','SRIJIT','PUNE',52000,'08-AUG-2002');
SELECT * FORM EMPLOYEE WHERE AGE=69;
```
### Delete Column and Rows
```
DELETE FROM STUDENT; //will delete the all rows of the table
DELETE FROM STUDENT WHERE NAME='SRIJIT'; // Tthis only delete that only filtered row
```
### Update Table
```
UPDATE STUDENT SET NAME='KAMALIKA' WHERE ID='E01'
```
### ORDER BY
```
ORDER BY SALARY DESC
It will sort by default in Assecnding order
`DESC` eill srot in decending order
```
---
## DAY 2 ✅
### ALTER
- Add new column
```
ALTER TABLE STUDENT ADD REGNO NUMBER(5);
ALTER TABLE STUDENT ADD (EID VARCHAR2(2 ),REGNO NUMBER(5));
```
- Modify
```
ALTER TABLE STUDENT MODIFT REGNO NUMBER(10); //Only you can make the number value increase
```
-Drop
```
ALTER TABLE STUDENT DROP COLUMN REGNO;
```
-RENAME
```
ALTER TABLE STUDENT RENAME COLUMN REGNO TO REGINO;
ALTER TABLE STUENT RENAME TO STUDENTS; -> CHANGE TABLE RENAME
```
- Add Primary Key
```
ALTER TABLE STUDENT ADD PRIMARY KEY(ID);
```
### BETWEEN
```
SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE SALARY BETWEEN 5000 AND 70000;
```
### IN & NOT IN
```
SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE CITY IN('KOLKATA','PUNE');
SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE CITY NOT IN('KOLKATA','PUNE');
```
### LIKE & NOT LIKE
```
Show me thE name of the employee start with 'A'
SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE NAME LIKE 'A%' //START WITH A END WITH ANYTHING
SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE NAME LIKE '_A%' //SECOND LETTER IS A END WITH ANYTHING
SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE NAME LIKE '%A%' //ANYWHERE EXCLUDING LAST AND FIRST POSITION
SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE NAME LIKE '%A%' AND NOT LIKE 'A%' // CONTAIN A BUT NOT START WITH A
```
### ALICE
` SELECT (NAME|| ' '|| SALARY) "NAME" FROM STUDENT; // YOU CAN WRITE AS OR NOT `
### AGGREGET FUNCTION
- MAX
- MIN
- SUM
- AVG
- COUNT
- SQRT
### DATE OF BIRTH
```
SELECT TRUNC(TRUNC(SYSDATE-DOB)/365) "AGE" FROM STUDENT;
SELECT MAX(TRUNC(TRUNC(SYSDATE-DOB)/365)) "MAXAGE" FROM STUDENT
```
---
## DAY 3 ✅
`Aggregate function only can use after Select and Having clause`
### Find Max & Min Salary
```
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE SALARY = (SELECT MAX(SALARY) FROM EMPLOYEE); //1st Max
SELECT MAX(SALARY) FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE SALARY < (SELECT MAX(SALARY) FROM EMPLOYEE);
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE SALARY = (SELECT MAX(SALARY) FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE SALARY < (SELECT MAX(SALARY) FROM EMPLOYEE)); ///2nd Max
```
### Nth Highest Salary
```
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE E1 WHERE N-1=SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT(SALARY)) FROM EMPLOYEE E2 WHERE E2.SALARY>E1.SALARY;
```
### Oldest Employee
```
SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE TRUNC((SYSDATE-DOB)/365) =(SELECT MAX(TRUNC((SYSDATE-DOB)/365)) Age FROM STUDENT);
```
- USE ` Distinct ` to remove duplicate
### Check Constraint
```
CREATE TABLE STUDENT
(
ID VARCHAR2(3) CHECK (ID LIKE 'E%'), //check is the eid start with E
NAME VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL,
CITY VARCHAR(10) CHECK( CITY IN('KOLKATA','PUNE' ,'DELHI')),
SALARY NUMBER(10) CHECK (SALARY >=5000),
DOB DATE,
PRIMARY KEY(ID)
);
```
### Foreign Keyword
---
## Day 4 ✅
Required Table 👇👇
`Joinning`
```
SELECT E.* FROM EMPLOYEE E,WORK W ,DEP D WHERE E.ID = W.DID AND D.DID = W.DID WHERE NAME="AJAY";
SELECT NAME FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE ID IN(SELECT ID FROM WORK WHERE DID IN (SELECT DID FROM DEP WHERE DNAME="HR"));
```
### GROUP BY [EACH, EVERY ,ALL]
- `GROUP BY` IS USED AFTRE WHERE KEYWORD
- `ORDER BY` IS USED AFTER GROUP BY KEYWORD
- THE FIELD IS USED AFTER GROUP BY THIS IS MENDATORY THING `IT HAS TO BE AFTER SELECT KEYWORD [Exception : Aggregate Function]`
- AGGREGATE FUN ONLY USE AFTER SELECT KEYWORD AND ONLY `GROUP BY` KEYWORD
-> DISPLAY THE DEPERTMENT ID AND THE NO OF THE EMPLOYEE WORK IN THAT DEPERTMENT
```
SELECT DID,COUNT(EID) FROM WORK GROUP BY DID ORDER BY DID DESC;
```
### HAVING KEYWORD
- Having clause restricting the groups;
- It eleminate the non-matching groups;
->DISPLAY THE ID NO AND THE NO OF EMPLOYEE MORE THAN EQUAL TO 2
```
SELECT DID,COUNT(ID) FROM WORK GROUP BY DID HAVING COUNT(ID)>=2;
```
---
## Joining in Oracle SQL
JOIN clause is used to combine data from two or more table based on related column between them.
There have for kind of Join method in Sql
- 1.Inner Join -> Return Common element
- 2.Left Join -> Return all record from left and the matched record from right table
- 3.Right Join -> Return all record from right and the matched record from left table
- 4.Full Outer Join -> Returns all records when there is a match in either left or right table
---
```
First Create the Table ✅✅
CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE (
employee_id NUMBER,
employee_name VARCHAR2(50),
department_id NUMBER
);
INSERT INTO employee (employee_id, employee_name, department_id)
VALUES (1, 'John Doe', 1);
INSERT INTO employee (employee_id, employee_name, department_id)
VALUES (2, 'Jane Smith', 2);
INSERT INTO employee (employee_id, employee_name, department_id)
VALUES (3, 'Michael Johnson', 1);
--------------------------------------------------------------->
CREATE TABLE work (
employee_id NUMBER,
project_id NUMBER,
hours_worked NUMBER
);
INSERT INTO work (employee_id, project_id, hours_worked)
VALUES (1, 101, 20);
INSERT INTO work (employee_id, project_id, hours_worked)
VALUES (1, 102, 15);
INSERT INTO work (employee_id, project_id, hours_worked)
VALUES (2, 101, 25);
INSERT INTO work (employee_id, project_id, hours_worked)
VALUES (3, 102, 10);
INSERT INTO work (employee_id, project_id, hours_worked)
VALUES (4, 105, 15);
INSERT INTO work (employee_id, project_id, hours_worked)
VALUES (5, 106,16);
INSERT INTO work (employee_id, project_id, hours_worked)
VALUES (6, 107, 17);
```
---
### Inner Join
```
SELECT E.* FROM EMPLOYEE E INNER JOIN WORK W ON E.EMPLOYEE_ID = W.EMPLOYEE_ID;
```
### Left Join
```
SELECT E.* FROM EMPLOYEE E LEFT JOIN WORK W ON E.EMPLOYEE_ID = W.EMPLOYEE_ID;
```
### Right Join
```
SELECT E.* FROM EMPLOYEE E RIGHT JOIN WORK W ON E.EMPLOYEE_ID = W.EMPLOYEE_ID;
```
### Full Join or Full Outer Join
```
SELECT E.* FROM EMPLOYEE E RIGHT JOIN WORK W ON E.EMPLOYEE_ID = W.EMPLOYEE_ID;
```
---
# Day 5
## INTERSECT UNIONL MINUS
```
((SELECT NAME FROM STUDENT WHERE ID IN ('E01','E06')) INTERSECT (SELECT NAME FROM STUDENT WHERE ID IN('E06','E07')));
((SELECT NAME FROM STUDENT WHERE ID IN ('E01','E06')) MINUS (SELECT NAME FROM STUDENT WHERE ID IN('E06','E07')));
((SELECT NAME FROM STUDENT WHERE ID IN ('E01','E06')) UNION (SELECT NAME FROM STUDENT WHERE ID IN('E06','E07')));
```
### Create a new table from old one
```
CREATE TABLE STUDENT1 AS SELECT * FROM STUDENT; -> it will create a new table with the data
CREATE TABLE STUDNET1 AS SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE 1=2; -> It will create a anew table without the values
```
# Grant and Revoke
---
### GRANT
first create a new user like this
```
1. create user srijit identified by system; //<- password //
```
Try to connect in new tab
```
ERROR:
ORA-01045: user SRIJIT lacks CREATE SESSION privilege; logon denied //give this kind of error
grant connect to srijit; // run on the 1st tab to grant access of the new user to connect only
grant select on student to srijit; //give asscess of the table only
grant delete on student to srijit; //give asscess to delete the table only
grant all on student to srijit; //give all asscess of the table to the srijit user
```
### REVOKE
```
REVOKE DELETE ON SYSTEM.STUDENT FROM SRIJIT;
REVOKE ALL ON SYSTEM.STUDENT FROM SRIJIT;
REVOKE CONNECT FROM SRIJIT;
```
---
`Mostly Asked Q`
### Print the name of the 3 emplooyees having highest salary ;
```
select * from(select s.*,row_number() over (order by salary desc) as rn from student s) t where t.rn<=3;
```
### Print the 4th ROW in Table
```
select r.* from (select s.*,ROWNUM rno from student s) r where rno=4;
```