https://github.com/zentrocdot/unofficialturtlegraphicsdocs
Turtle Graphics Documentation
https://github.com/zentrocdot/unofficialturtlegraphicsdocs
bash python python3 turtle-graphics
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Turtle Graphics Documentation
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/zentrocdot/unofficialturtlegraphicsdocs
- Owner: zentrocdot
- License: mit
- Created: 2025-02-26T12:27:09.000Z (over 1 year ago)
- Default Branch: main
- Last Pushed: 2025-02-26T16:39:43.000Z (over 1 year ago)
- Last Synced: 2025-02-26T16:41:28.862Z (over 1 year ago)
- Topics: bash, python, python3, turtle-graphics
- Language: Python
- Homepage:
- Size: 319 KB
- Stars: 0
- Watchers: 1
- Forks: 0
- Open Issues: 0
-
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
- Funding: .github/FUNDING.yml
- License: LICENSE
- Support: support/color_names.txt
Awesome Lists containing this project
README
I'm# Unofficial Turtle Graphics Docs
> [!NOTE]
>
š§ Over time, this will be my personal
> Turtle Graphics documentation with how to instructions
> and tips and tricks. This is done alongside my programming
> activities.
## š¢ Turtle Graphics
This documentation is related to the Python
standard turtle library [1].
## š Getting Started
Import the standard Python module turtle
to get started.
```
import turtle
```
After importing the standard Python
module turtle one is ready to use Turtle Graphics for
creating images.
## Setup Turtle Graphics Screen
```
screen_x = 512
screen_y = 512
sc = turtle.Screen()
sc.setup(screen_x, screen_y)
```
Based on my monitor which has a resolution
of 1366 x 768 pixel I have chosen a square Turtle Graphics
screen with a resolution of 512 x 512 pixel. After initialising
the screen we will need the screen object sc no longer. The
screen setup is done at this point.
## Setup Turtle Graphics Window
```
window_title = "Turtle Graphics Demo"
background_color = "red"
turtle.title(window_title)
turtle.bgcolor(background_color)
```
This is changing the title of the Turtle
Graphics window. The background color is also changed from
white to red.
## Putting the Things Together
The frame type for the drawing area we
can see is so-called sunken. At the top and at the left
there is a dark shadow. At the bottom and at the right
there is a light shadow.
## Setup a Turtle Screen Object
```
ts = turtle.Turtle()
```
To use Turtle Graphics one need a turtle
(screen) object.
## Add Background to the Window
For adding a background to the window
one is using a canvas from tkinter. The rectangle canvas
is what one needs for this goal.
```
bg_color = "blue"
x0, y0 = -int(screen_x/2), -int(screen_y/2)
x1, y1 = int(screen_x/2), int(screen_y/2)
cs = ts.getscreen()
tkwin = cs.getcanvas()
tkwin.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, width=0, outline=bg_color, fill=bg_color)
```
By adding a rectangle one can change
the background. The reason is explained later.
## Putting the Things Together
In this window we see something that
we should not see. The background is not completely blue
as it should be. We see something like a border in red
which is 2 point thick. This thin border in particular
causes difficulties later on.
## Add a Background Correction to the Window
```
bg_color = "blue"
pad = 6
x0, y0 = -int(screen_x/2)+pad, -int(screen_y/2)+pad
x1, y1 = int(screen_x/2)-pad, int(screen_y/2)-pad
cs = ts.getscreen()
tkwin = cs.getcanvas()
tkwin.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, width=0, outline=bg_color, fill=bg_color)
```
This modifies the rectangle in a way,
that one has a two pixel border (plus 4 pixel)
around the drawing area. The reason is explained later.
## Putting the Things Together
If one inspects the behaviour of the frame
one sees that two sides show 2 pixel width and the other two
sides 6 pixel width which should normally not happened. 2 sides
show a discrepancy of 4 pixels. Whether this is a Turtle Graphics
error or a Tkinter error is not yet clear.
One result next to the later discussed problem is,
that an object is never centered in the screen.
## Interactive Turtle Graphics
Open a Python console and you can try out command in this console while a Turtle Graphics
window is open.
## Some Commands
| METHOD | PARAMETER | DESCRIPTION |
| :----------------- | :--------- | :--------- |
| Turtle() | None | Creates and returns a new turtle object |
| home() | None | Move turtle to the origin (0,0) |
| forward(distance) | amount | Moves the turtle forward by the specified amount |
| fd(distance) | amount | Moves the turtle forward by the specified amount |
| backward(distance) | amount | Moves the turtle backward by the specified amount |
| back(distance) | amount | Moves the turtle backward by the specified amount |
| bk(distance) | amount | Moves the turtle backward by the specified amount |
| right(angle) | angle | Turns the turtle clockwise |
| rt(angle) | angle | Turns the turtle clockwise |
| left(angle) | angle | Turns the turtle counter clockwise |
| lt(angle) | angle | Turns the turtle counter clockwise |
| penup() | None | Picks up the turtleās Pen |
| up() | None | Picks up the turtleās Pen |
| pendown() | None | Puts down the turtleās Pen |
| down() | None | Puts down the turtleās Pen |
| color(*args) | color name | Returns or sets pen color and fill color |
| pencolor(*args) | color name | Returns or sets pen color |
| fillcolor(*args) | color name | Returns or sets the fill color |
| heading() | None | Sets and returns the current heading |
| seth() | None | Sets and returns the current heading |
| position() | None | Returns the current position |
| goto() | x, y | Moves the turtle to position x,y |
| begin_fill() | None | Remember the starting point for a filled polygon |
| end_fill() | None | Closes the polygon and fills with the current fillcolor |
| dot() | None | Prints a dot at the current position |
| stamp() | None | Prints an impression of a turtle shape at the current location |
| shape() | shapename | Can be 'turtle', 'arrow', 'classic', 'circle', 'square', 'triangle' or 'blank' |
| xcor() | None | Get the x-coordinate of the turtle |
| ycor() | None | Get the y-coordinate of the turtle |
Not working commands from the documentation:
| METHOD | PARAMETER | DESCRIPTION |
| :----------: | :--------: | :---------: |
| teleport() | x,y | Moves the turtle to position x,y without printing |
## Turtle Version
One gets the turtle version by the command:
print(turtle._ver)
In my case the result looks like:
turtle 1.1b- - for Python 3.1 - 4. 5. 2009
## Radians Versus Degrees
Turn turtle right or turn turtle left can
be done by angle units. Angle units by default are in degrees,
but can be set via the degrees() or radians() functions to each
other.
## Pictures
One can add pictures to the window. This is
done by the following command.
sc.bgpic("test.gif")
## Colors
Colors can be set using RGB color tuples
like (255, 0, 0) which is red. Names can be used like 'blue'
or one can use a HEX representation like '#00FF00' which is
lime.
## Helper Functions
### Color To RGB Function
This function needs the Python package webcolors. The goal
is to return a color tuple from an arbitrary color input.
```
# -----------------------
# Function color_to_rgb()
# -----------------------
def color_to_rgb(color):
'''Color to RGB function.'''
# Try to get the RGB color.
try:
# Check the type of the color.
if color is not None:
if color.startswith('#'):
rgb = webcolors.hex_to_rgb(color)
elif color is None or isinstance(color, (list, tuple)):
rgb = color
elif isinstance(color, str):
rgb = webcolors.name_to_rgb(color)
# Get the RGB components.
r,g,b = rgb[0], rgb[1], rgb[2]
else:
r,g,b = 0,0,0
except:
r,g,b = 0,0,0
# Return the RGB color tuple.
return r,g,b
```
# References
[1] https://docs.python.org/3/library/turtle.html
[2] https://compform.net/turtles/
[3] https://el.media.mit.edu/logo-foundation/what_is_logo/index.html