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https://github.com/zurfyx/xml-in-10-minutes
Basics of XML DTD XSD XSL in 10 minutes
https://github.com/zurfyx/xml-in-10-minutes
documentation dtd xml xsd xsl
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Basics of XML DTD XSD XSL in 10 minutes
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/zurfyx/xml-in-10-minutes
- Owner: zurfyx
- License: mit
- Created: 2016-04-10T17:44:49.000Z (almost 9 years ago)
- Default Branch: master
- Last Pushed: 2016-04-18T21:57:14.000Z (almost 9 years ago)
- Last Synced: 2024-12-12T11:06:43.679Z (2 months ago)
- Topics: documentation, dtd, xml, xsd, xsl
- Size: 12.7 KB
- Stars: 8
- Watchers: 3
- Forks: 3
- Open Issues: 0
-
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
- License: LICENSE
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README
# XML DTD XSD XSL in 10 minutes
## Table of contents
- [Introduction](#introduction)
- [XML](#xml-1)
- [DTD](#dtd-1)
- [XSD](#xsd-1)
- [XSL](#xsl-1)
## Introduction
### XML
- XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language
- XML is a markup language like HTML
- XML is designed to carry data
- XML simplifies data sharing
- XML tags are not predefined
- XML is designed to be self-descriptive
- XML is a W3C recommendation
- XML is plain text
### XML and HTML
- XML is not a replacement for HTML
- XML and HTML were designed with different goals (XML to transport and store data, HTML to display data)
### DTD
Document Type Definition (DTD) are a set of rules which a specific XML document has to conform to.
### XSD
XML Schema Definition (XSD) is used to define the elements of an XML document, just like DTD.
Defines the following:
- Elements that can appear in a document
- Attributes that can appear in a document
- Child elements
- Order of child elements
- Number of child elements
- Empty elements or not
- Data type for elements and attributes
- Default and fixed values for elements
XSD is the successor of DTD:
- Extensible future additions
- Richer
- Written in XML
- Support data types
- Support namespaces
### XSL
EXtensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) is a style sheet language for XML documents.
Describes how to XML document should be displayed.
Consists of:
- XSLT (a language that transforms XML documents)
- XPath (a language for defining parts of an XML document)
- XSL-FO (XSL Formatting Objects)
It can:
- Transform XML in XHTML
- Filter and sort XML data
- Define parts of an XML documents
- Format XML data based on its values
- Output XML data
## XML
### Example
Content example:
```XML
Ben
Lara
Hello
Hey there Lara!
```
### Declaration
```
```
or simply
```
```
**Encodings:** UTF-8, UTF-16, ISO-8859-1, ...
### Root element
XML documents always have to start with a root element, that can have as many other elements inside it.
```XML
...
...
```
### Attributes
XML elements can have attributes which can contain extra data, normally to [convey METADATA](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1096797/should-i-use-elements-or-attributes-in-xml).
```XML
Book name
```
### Special characters
Some characters have a special meaning in XML. Thus, if you want them to be displayed as plain text you will need to escape them by using entity references.
- ```<``` less than
- ```>``` greater than
- ```&``` ampersand
- ```'``` apostrophe
- ```"``` quotation mark
### Comments
Same as HTML.
```HTML
```
### Spaces
XML, unlike HTML, preserves multiple spaces.
### Other syntax
- XML tags are case sensitive
- XML elements have to be properly nested (parent always starting before children and ending after children)
- Attributes always have to be quoted
## DTD
### Declaration
#### DTD in an external file (recommended):
On XML file (books.xml):
```
```
On DTD file (books.dtd):
_DTD file has no declaration._
#### DTD in the same XML file:
```
... (xml) ...
```
### Example
books.xml
```XML
Book name
2015-01-01
Ben
40
```
books.dtd
```DTD
```
### Terminology
**!DOCTYPE books** defines that the root element is books.
**!ELEMENT** defines an ELEMENT.
First param: indicates the element name
Second param: what it contains (which can be a value or another element).
- **(book*)** 0 or more books
- **(book+)** 1 or more books
- **(#PCDATA)** text that will be parsed by a parser*
- **(#CDATA)** text that will not be parsed by a parser*
**!ATTLIST** defines an attribute.
First param: element name
Second param: attribute name
Third param: type of attribute value
- **CDATA** text that will not be parse by a parser*
Fourth param: attribute value
- **value** default value of the attribute
- **#REQUIRED** attribute is required
- **#IMPLIED** attribute is optional
- **#FIXED value** attribute value is fixed
\* [Difference between PCDATA and CDATA](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/918450/difference-between-pcdata-and-cdata-in-dtd)
### Validation
XML documents can be validated with **xmllint** command-line tool.
```
xmllint --valid books.xml --noout
```
## XSD
### Declaration
On XML file (books.xml):
```
```
**xmlns**: namespace
**xmlns:xsi**: where elements and data type come from
**xsi:schemaLocation**: schema location. Can also be a relative URL.
On XSD file (books.xsd):
```
```
No namespace is possible as well:
```
xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="books.xsd"
```
### Example
books.xml
```XML
Book name
2015-01-01
Ben
40
```
books.xsd
```XML
```
### Terminology
**xs:element**: xml element
**xs:complexType**: contains other elements
**xs:sequence**: elements must appear in a sequence
### Data types
Most common data types:
- string
- decimal
- integer
- boolean
- date
- time
### Validate
XML documents can be validated with **xmllint** command-line tool.
```
xmllint --schema books.xsd books.xml --noout
```
## XSL
### Declaration
On XML file (books.xml):
```
```
On XSL file (books.xsl):
```
...
```
### Example
books.xml
```XML
Book name
2015-01-01
Ben
40
```
books.xsl
```XML
Books
Title
Publish date
Author
(age )
```
### Filter
XML output can be filter by adding a select attribute, such as:
```
```
#### Operators
- ```=``` (equal)
- ```!=``` (not equal)
- ```<``` (less than)
- ```>``` (greater than)
### Sort
```
```
### Conditional
```
Teenager
```
#### Operators
- or
- and