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https://github.com/lukeed/rosetta

A general purpose internationalization library in 292 bytes
https://github.com/lukeed/rosetta

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A general purpose internationalization library in 292 bytes

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A general purpose internationalization library in 298 bytes!



## Features



* Simple and Familiar API

* Unobstrusive and Unopinionated

* Less than 300 bytes – including dependencies!



## Install



```

$ npm install --save rosetta

```



## Usage



```js

import rosetta from 'rosetta';



const i18n = rosetta({

  en: {

    intro: {

      welcome: 'Welcome, {{username}}!',

      text: 'I hope you find this useful.',

    },

    support(obj) {

      let hour = Math.floor(Math.random() * 3) + 9;

      let str = `For questions, I'm available on ${obj.date.toLocaleDateString()}`;

      str += `, any time after ${hour}:00.`

      return str;

    }

  }

});



// set default language

i18n.locale('en');



// add new language

i18n.set('pt', {

  intro: {

    welcome: obj => `Benvind${obj.feminine ? 'a' : 'o'}, ${obj.username}!`,

    text: 'Espero que você ache isso útil.'

  }

});



// append extra key(s) to existing language

i18n.set('pt', {

  support(obj) {

    let hour = Math.floor(Math.random() * 3) + 9;

    let str = `Se tiver perguntas, estou disponível em ${obj.date.toLocaleDateString()}`;

    str += `, qualquer hora depois às ${hour}:00.`

    return str;

  }

});



const data = {

  feminine: false,

  username: 'lukeed',

  date: new Date()

};



// Retrieve translations

// NOTE: Relies on "en" default

i18n.t('intro.welcome', data); //=> 'Welcome, lukeed!'

i18n.t('intro.text', data); //=> 'I hope you find this useful.'

i18n.t('support', data); //=> 'For questions, I'm available on 4/8/2020, any time after 11:00.'



// Retrieve translations w/ lang override

i18n.t('intro.welcome', data, 'pt'); //=> 'Benvindo, lukeed!'



// Change default language key

i18n.locale('pt');



// Retrieve translations w/ new defaults

i18n.t('intro.text', data); //=> 'Espero que você ache isso útil.'

i18n.t('intro.text', data, 'en'); //=> 'I hope you find this useful.'

```



## API



### rosetta(dict?)

Returns: `Rosetta`



Initializes a new `Rosetta` instance.
You may optionally provide an initial translation object.



### rosetta.locale(lang?)

Returns: `String`



Sets the language code for the `Rosetta` instance.
This will cause all [`rossetta.t()`](#rosettatkey-params-lang) lookups to assume this `lang` code.



The function will return the currently active `lang` code. This means that a setting a new value will reply with the same value. Additionally, calling `locale()` without any argument will return the `lang` code that the `Rosetta` instance was last given.



#### lang

Type: `String`


Required: `false`



The language code to choose.


If `locale()` is called without an argument (or with a falsey value), then the current `lang` code is returned.



### rosetta.set(lang, table)



Merge (or override) translation keys into the `lang` collection.



#### lang

Type: `String`



The language code to target.



#### table

Type: `Object`



A new record of key-values to merge into the `lang`'s dictionary.



Each key within the `table` can correspond to a function or a string template.



When using a function, it will receive the entire data input (see [`params`](#params)).
You are required to ensure the function returns a (string) value of your liking.



When using a string template, anything within double curly brackets (`{{ example }}`) will be interpreted as a key path and interpolated via [`templite`](https://github.com/lukeed/templite). The key path can use dot-notation to access nested values from the data input (see [`params`](#params)). Additionally, if a key path did not resolve to a value, an empty string is injected.



```js

const ctx = rosetta({

  en: {

    foo: (obj) => `function sees "${obj.value || '~DEFAULT~'}"`,

    bar: 'template sees "{{value}}"'

  }

});



ctx.t('foo', {}, 'en');

//=> 'function sees "~DEFAULT~"

ctx.t('foo', { value: 123 }, 'en');

//=> 'function sees "123"



ctx.t('bar', {}, 'en');

//=> 'template sees ""

ctx.t('bar', { value: 123 }, 'en');

//=> 'template sees "123"

```



### rosetta.table(lang)

Returns: `Object` or `undefined`



Retrieve the the `lang`'s full dictionary/table of translation keys.



If the language does not exist (aka, no translations have been provided for it), you'll receive `undefined`.
Otherwise, you'll receive the full object as it exists within the `Rosetta` instance. See [`table`](#table).



> **Important:** Manipulating this object is any way will mutate and affect your `Rosetta` instance. Be careful!



#### lang

Type: `String`



The language code's table to retrieve.



### rosetta.t(key, params?, lang?)

Returns: `String`



Retrieve the value for a given `key`.



> **Important:** In the normal/default mode, an empty string will be returned for unknown keys.
Conversely, in ["debug" mode](#debugging), an error message will be printed and `undefined` will be returned for unknown keys.



#### key

Type: `String` or `Array`



The identifier to retrieve.



A `key` can access nested properties via:



* a string that with dot notation — `'foo.bar.1.baz'`

* an array of individual key segments — `['foo', 'bar', 1, 'baz']`



> **Important:** You are expected to know & traverse your own dictionary structure correctly.



```js

const ctx = rosetta({

  en: {

    fruits: {

      apple: 'apple',

    }

  }

});



ctx.locale('en');



ctx.t('fruits.apple'); //=> 'apple'

ctx.t(['fruits', 'apple']); //=> 'apple'

```



### params

Type: `any`


Optional: `true`



The data object argument to pass your dictionary keys' string templates and/or functions.



> **Note:** If your *string template* tries to access a key that doesn't exist, an empty string is injected.



```js

const ctx = rosetta({

  es: {

    hello: '¡Hola {{name}}!'

  },

  en: {

    hello(obj) {

      return obj.name === 'lukeed' ? 'wazzzuppp' : `Hello, ${obj.name}!`;

    },

  },

  pt: {

    hello: 'Oi {{person}}, tudo bem?' // <-- key is wrong

  },

});



const user1 = { name: 'lukeed' };

const user2 = { name: 'Billy' };



ctx.t('hello', user1, 'es'); //=> '¡Hola lukeed!'



ctx.t('hello', user1, 'en'); //=> 'wazzzuppp'

ctx.t('hello', user2, 'en'); //=> 'Hello, Billy!'



ctx.t('hello', user1, 'pt'); //=> 'Oi , tudo bem?'

```



### lang

Type: `String`


Optional: `true`



A language code override without changing the entire `Rosetta` instance's default language.



```js

const ctx = rosetta();



ctx.locale('en'); //=> set default



ctx.t('greeting', 'lukeed');

//=> (en) 'Hello lukeed!'

ctx.t('greeting', 'lukeed', 'es');

//=> (es) '¡Hola lukeed!'

ctx.t('bye');

//=> (en) 'Cya'

```



## Debugging



There is a "debug" mode included for **development** environments.



The **only** difference with "debug" mode is that [`rossetta.t()`](#rosettatkey-params-lang) will log an error to the console when attempting to access a `key` that does not exist. Conversely, the main/default runtime will quietly return an an empty string for consistent output.



Otherwise, the [API](#api) is _exactly_ the same as the main/default export!
This makes it easy to alias or swap the versions for development vs production bundles. Checkout the [Configuration](#configuration) section below for recipes.



```js

// debug mode

import rosetta from 'rosetta/debug';



const i18n = rosetta({

  en: {

    hello: 'hello'

  }

});



i18n.locale('en');



i18n.t('hello');

//=> 'hello'



i18n.t('foobar');

// [rosetta] Missing the "foobar" key within the "en" dictionary

//=> undefined

```



> **Note:** With the non-"debug" runtime, an empty string would be returned for the `foobar` key.



#### Configuration



Here are quick configuration recipes for Rollup and webpack that allow you to choose the right version of `rosetta` for your current environment _without changing you application code_.



With both recipes, you will import `rosetta` like this:



```js

import rosetta from 'rosetta';

```



It is up to the bundler to change what `'rosetta'` resolves to...



***Rollup***



You will need to install [`@rollup/plugin-alias`](https://github.com/rollup/plugins/tree/master/packages/alias) before continuing.



```js

const isDev = /*custom logic*/ || !!process.env.ROLLUP_WATCH;



export default {

  // ...,

  plugins: [

    // ...

    require('@rollup/plugin-alias')({

      entries: {

        rosetta: isDev ? 'rosetta/debug' : 'rosetta'

      }

    })

  ]

}

```



***webpack***



The ability to add aliases within webpack comes by default.
One simply needs to add a [`resolve.alias`](https://webpack.js.org/configuration/resolve/#resolvealias) value depending on the environment:



```js

const isDev = /*specific to your config*/;



module.exports = {

  //...,

  resolve: {

    alias: {

      // ...,

      rosetta: isDev ? 'rosetta/debug' : 'rosetta'

    }

  }

}

```



## Runtime Support



The library makes use of [Object shorthand methods](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Method_definitions#Browser_compatibility) and [`Object.assign`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/assign#Browser_compatibility).
This yields the following support matrix:



| Chrome | Safari | Firefox | Edge | IE | Node.js |

|:---:|:--:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:----:|

| 45+ | 9+ | 34+ | 12+ | :x: | 4.0+ |



If you need to support older platforms, simply attach `rosetta` to your project's Babel (or similar) configuration.



## Examples



* [**Using Next.js**](https://github.com/zeit/next.js/tree/canary/examples/with-i18n-rosetta) — Thank you [@StarpTech](https://github.com/StarpTech)
_Official Next.js example using React Hooks and Context to provide SSR, SSG, CSR compatible i18n solutions._

* [**Localization solution for Next.js**](https://github.com/StarpTech/next-localization) — 
_Lightweight Internationalization (i18n) library for Next.js 10+_



## Credits



Thank you [@7sempra](https://github.com/7sempra) for gifting the `rosetta` name on npm.



## License



MIT © [Luke Edwards](https://lukeed.com)