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https://github.com/EnableSecurity/awesome-rtc-hacking

a list of awesome resources related to security and hacking of VoIP, WebRTC and VoLTE
https://github.com/EnableSecurity/awesome-rtc-hacking

List: awesome-rtc-hacking

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a list of awesome resources related to security and hacking of VoIP, WebRTC and VoLTE

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# Awesome Real-time Communications hacking & pentesting resources



Covers VoIP, WebRTC and VoLTE security related topics.



Please create a PR if you think anything should be added to this list. Let us know if you think anything should be removed.



## Table of Contents



- [Newsletters](#newsletters)

- [Presentation Slides](#presentation-slides)

- [Videos](#videos)

- [Advisories](#advisories)

- [Open-source tools](#open-source-tools)

- [Papers](#papers)

- [Blogs](#blogs)

- [Notable blog posts and articles](#notable-blog-posts-and-articles)

- [Books](#books)

- [Commercial tools](#commercial-tools)

- [Vulnerabilities](#vulnerabilities)

- [Related lists](#related-lists)



## Newsletters



- [RTCSec Newsletter](https://www.rtcsec.com/newsletter/)



## Presentation Slides



- [Hacking VoIP Exposed](https://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-06/BH-US-06-Endler.pdf) from Black Hat USA 2006.

- [Mobile network hacking – All-over-IP edition](https://i.blackhat.com/eu-19/Wednesday/eu-19-Yazdanmehr-Mobile-Network-Hacking-IP-Edition-2.pdf) from SRLabs at Blackhat EU 2019

- [Monitoring SIP Traffic Using Support Vector Machines](presentations/Monitoring_SIP_Traffic_Using_Support_Vector_Machines.pdf)



## Videos



- [OpenSSL DoS (CVE-2022-0778) versus WebRTC infrastructure](https://youtu.be/A-2lYuPjAI0)

- [TAD Summit EMEA Americas 2020: Getting offensive: a different approach to RTC security - Sandro Gauci](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=je959kV-MrY)

- [HITBHaxpo D1: VoLTE Phreaking - Ralph Moonen](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8vo56vImU4)

- [Kamailio World 2019: The Various Ways Your RTC May Be Crushed - Sandro Gauci](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=012U3NeTVlY)

- [Kamailio World 2018: A tale of two RTC fuzzing approaches - Sandro Gauci](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CuxKD5zljVI)

- [Kamailio World 2017: Listening By Speaking - Security Attacks On Media Servers And RTP Relays - Sandro Gauci](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cAia1owHy68)

- [Kamailio World 2016: 9 Years Of Friendly Scanning And Vicious SIP - Sandro Gauci](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UC3m1PuCFE0)

- [Kamailio World 2015: VoIP Security – Bluebox ng Continuous Pentesting - Sergio García Ramos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9OSvqjxMZBs&t=74s)

- [Kamailio World 2013: VoIP Security Tools - Anton Roman](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NToh90VW4LM)

- [Blackhat EU 2019: Mobile network hacking - All-over-IP edition - Karsten Nohl, Luca Melette & Sina Yazdanmehr](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XUo7UBn28o)

- [Jailbreak Brewing Company Security Summit: Whatsup with WhatsApp: A Detailed Walk Through of Reverse Engineering CVE-2019-3568 - Maddie Stone](https://vimeo.com/377181218)

- [RhurSec 2016: Eavesdropping on WebRTC Communication - Martin Johns](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3K-BwDGdmko)

- [Hak5 1813: SSL Hack Workarounds and WebRTC Flaws](https://www.hak5.org/episodes/hak5-1813)

- [media.ccc.de: WebRTC Security - Stephan Thamm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOAhq37wdYU) (language: german)



## Advisories



- [Cisco IOS and IOS XE SIP Protocol Denial of Service Vulnerability](https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20190925-sip-dos)

- [Polycom Phones SIP Registration Credential Abuse](https://support.spectralink.com/sites/default/files/resource_files/Password_Issue_on_Polycom_Phones_EA74074_0.pdf)

- [Cisco IOS XE Software NAT SIP Application Layer Gateway Denial of Service Vulnerability](https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20190925-sip-alg)

- [Cisco TelePresence Video Communication Server SIP DoS Vulnerability](https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20140122-vcs)

- [Voice over LTE implementations contain multiple vulnerabilities](https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/943167/)

- [Asterisk RTP Bleed](https://github.com/EnableSecurity/advisories/tree/master/ES2017-04-asterisk-rtp-bleed)

- [Asterisk pjSIP CSeq Overflow](https://github.com/EnableSecurity/advisories/tree/master/ES2017-01-asterisk-pjsip-cseq-overflow)

- [Juniper Junos Router OS DoS](https://www.cisecurity.org/advisory/a-vulnerability-in-juniper-junos-os-could-allow-for-denial-of-service_2019-111/)

- [OpenScape Desk Phones HFA and SIP CSRF and Privilege Escalation](https://networks.unify.com/security/advisories/OBSO-1903-02.pdf)

- [Remote Access VPN and SIP Vulnerabilities in Cisco PIX and Cisco ASA](https://www.opennet.ru/base/fire/1220546283_299.txt.html)

- [Interaction SIP Proxy Buffer Overflow in SIPParser() Leads to DoS](https://securitytracker.com/id?1015392)

- [Asterisk pjSIP Multi Parser Out-of-Bound Memory Access](https://github.com/EnableSecurity/advisories/tree/master/ES2017-02-asterisk-pjsip-multi-part-crash)

- [Asterisk Skinny Memory Exhaustion](https://github.com/EnableSecurity/advisories/tree/master/ES2017-02-asterisk-pjsip-multi-part-crash)

- [Asterisk Stack Corruption in `subscribe` Message](https://github.com/EnableSecurity/advisories/tree/master/ES2018-01-asterisk-pjsip-subscribe-stack-corruption)

- [Asterisk Segfault with Invalid SDP `fmtp` Attribute](https://github.com/EnableSecurity/advisories/tree/master/ES2018-02-asterisk-pjsip-sdp-invalid-fmtp-segfault)

- [Asterisk Segfault with Invalid Media Format Descriptiom](https://github.com/EnableSecurity/advisories/tree/master/ES2018-03-asterisk-pjsip-sdp-invalid-media-format-description-segfault)

- [Asterisk Segfault with `INVITE` Replay Attack](https://github.com/EnableSecurity/advisories/tree/master/ES2018-04-asterisk-pjsip-tcp-segfault)

- [Kamalio Off-By-One Heap Overflow](https://github.com/EnableSecurity/advisories/tree/master/ES2018-05-kamailio-heap-overflow)

- [New RCS technology exposes most mobile users to hacking](https://srlabs.de/bites/rcs-hacking/)

- [Zoom Communications user enumeration](https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/04/zoom-user-enumeration.html)



## Open-source tools



- [SIPVicious OSS](https://github.com/EnableSecurity/sipvicious/) - A set of tools to audit SIP based systems.

- [SIPPTS](https://github.com/Pepelux/sippts) - Another set of tools to audit VoIP servers and devices using SIP protocol.

- [bluebox-ng](https://github.com/jesusprubio/bluebox-ng) - Pentesting framework using Node.js powers, focused in VoIP.

- [SigPloit](https://github.com/SigPloiter/SigPloit) - Tool which covers all used SS7, GTP (3G), Diameter (4G) or even SIP protocols for IMS and VoLTE infrastructures.

- [vsaudit](https://github.com/eurialo/vsaudit) - VoIP security assessment framework.

- [rtpnatscan](https://github.com/kapejod/rtpnatscan) - Tool which tests for [rtpbleed](http://rtpbleed.com) vulnerability.

- [VIPROY](https://github.com/fozavci/viproy-voipkit) - VoIP pentest framework which can be used with the metasploit-framework.

- [SIP Proxy](https://sourceforge.net/projects/sipproxy/) - A VoIP security testing tool.

- [Metasploit auxiliary modules](https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/tree/master/modules/auxiliary/voip)

- [SIPp](http://sipp.sourceforge.net/): SIP based test tool / traffic generator.

    - [SIPp digest leak scenario](http://tomeko.net/other/sipp/sipp_cheatsheet.php)

- [Mr.SIP](https://github.com/meliht/Mr.SIP) - SIP based audit and attack tool.

- [VoIPShark](https://github.com/pentesteracademy/voipshark) - Open Source VoIP Analysis Platform

- [Turner](https://github.com/staaldraad/turner) - PoC for tunnelling HTTP over a permissive/open TURN server.

- [sipsak](https://github.com/nils-ohlmeier/sipsak) - SIP swiss army knife, has some features that can be used for security testing (e.g. flood more or random mode)

- [turnproxy](https://github.com/trichimtrich/turnproxy/) - Tool to abuse open TURN relays

- [SeeYouCM Thief](https://github.com/trustedsec/SeeYouCM-Thief) - download and parse configuration files from Cisco phone systems searching for SSH credentials

- [stunner](https://github.com/firefart/stunner) -  a tool to test and exploit STUN, TURN and TURN over TCP servers.

- [VoIP Hopper](https://github.com/iknowjason/voiphopper) - a tool to exploit insecure VLANs that are often found in IP Telephony infrastructure.



## Papers



- [Performance Analysis of SIP Based VoIP Networks](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.578.6629&rep=rep1&type=pdf) ([local copy](papers/Performance_Analysis_of_SIP_Based_VoIP_Systems.pdf))

- [Abusing SIP Authentication](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=3CFFE017B45D4DA203BB63095948EC4E?doi=10.1.1.653.8991&rep=rep1&type=pdf)

- [Multiple Design Patterns for Voice over IP (VoIP) Security](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.60.3488&rep=rep1&type=pdf)

- [Adaptive VoIP Steganography forInformation Hiding within Network Audio Streams](https://users.cs.fiu.edu/~fortega/spring17/df/research/infohiding/Xu-AdaptiveVoIPSteganography_06041962.pdf)

- [Realtime Steganography with RTP](http://www.uninformed.org/?v=8&a=3&t=pdf) ([local copy](papers/Realtime_Steganography_with_RTP.pdf))

- [A Lossless Steganography Technique for G.711 Telephony Speech](https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/39690/1/MP-P2-7.pdf)

- [CallRank: Combating SPIT Using Call Duration, SocialNetworks and Global Reputation](https://www.cc.gatech.edu/~hpark/papers/CallRank.pdf)

- [Steganography of VoIP streams](https://arxiv.org/pdf/0805.2938v1/)

- [Steganalysis of compressed speech to detect covert VoIP channels](http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/23103/1/IET_Compressed_Speech_Revised.pdf)

- [Securing Voice over Internet Protocol](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.215.7268&rep=rep1&type=pdf)

- [Protecting SIP Proxy Servers from Ringing-based Denial-of-Service Attacks](https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4820112.pdf)

- [An ontology description for SIP security flaws](https://web.archive.org/web/20121222012028/http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~dgen/papers/journal/Journal-03.pdf)

- [Analysis of DDoS Attacks in Heterogeneous VoIP Networks: A Survey](https://www.ijitee.org/wp-content/uploads/papers/v8i6s3/F10490486S319.pdf)

- [Change Point Detection for Monitoring SIP Networks](http://cagatayyildiz.github.io/pdf/eucnc.pdf)

- [Network security systems to counter SIP-based denial-of-service attacks](https://web.archive.org/web/20180619110044/http://www.cs.columbia.edu:80/~dgen/papers/journal/Journal-08.pdf)

- [Multilayer Secured SIP Based VoIP Architecture](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rowayda_Sadek/publication/282624359_Multilayer_Secured_SIP_Based_VoIP_Architecture/links/57c3ed2a08aed010b7ee370f/Multilayer-Secured-SIP-Based-VoIP-Architecture.pdf)

- [Battling Against DDoS in SIP](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Georgios_Kambourakis/publication/281240581_Battling_Against_DDoS_in_SIP_Is_Machine_Learning-based_Detection_an_Effective_Weapon/links/55dc7f2508aec156b9b1801d/Battling-Against-DDoS-in-SIP-Is-Machine-Learning-based-Detection-an-Effective-Weapon.pdf)

- [Billing Attacks on SIP-Based VoIP Systems](https://www.usenix.org/legacy/events/woot07/tech/full_papers/zhang/zhang.pdf)

- [Secure SIP: A Scalable Prevention Mechanism for DoS Attacks on SIP Based VoIP Systems](http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~hgs/papers/Orma0807_Secure.pdf)

- [An Analysis of Security Threats and Tools in SIP-Based VoIP Systems](http://startrinity.com/VoIP/Resources/sip371.pdf)

- [Fast Detection of Denial-of-ServiceAttacks on IP Telephony](https://www.eecis.udel.edu/~hnw/paper/iwqos06.pdf)

- [VoIP Security: Threat Analysis & Countermeasures](https://fysarakis.com/uploads/2/0/6/3/20637656/MSc_Project_Thesis_VoIP.pdf) ([local copy](papers/Threat_Analysis_VoIP_Systems.pdf))

- [Voice Over IP - Security and SPIT](http://www.rainer.baumann.info/public/voip.pdf)



## Blogs



- [Communication Breakdown](https://www.rtcsec.com) - A blog about VoIP, WebRTC and real-time communications security by Enable Security; (formerly SIPVicious blog)

- [Pepelux blog](http://blog.pepelux.org/) (Spanish)



## Notable blog posts and articles



- [Understanding DTLS Usage in VoIP Communications](https://www.gremwell.com/node/954)

- [How we abused Slack's TURN servers to gain access to internal services](https://www.rtcsec.com/2020/04/01-slack-webrtc-turn-compromise/)

- [Analyzing WhatsApp Calls with Wireshark, radare2 and Frida](https://medium.com/@schirrmacher/analyzing-whatsapp-calls-176a9e776213)

- [Adventures in Video Conferencing Part 1: The Wild World of WebRTC](https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2018/12/adventures-in-video-conferencing-part-1.html)

- [Adventures in Video Conferencing Part 2: Fun with FaceTime](https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2018/12/adventures-in-video-conferencing-part-2.html)

- [Adventures in Video Conferencing Part 3: The Even Wilder World of WhatsApp](https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/search?q=Adventures+in+Video+Conferencing)

- [Adventures in Video Conferencing Part 4: What Didn't Work Out with WhatsApp](https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2018/12/adventures-in-video-conferencing-part-4.html)

- [Adventures in Video Conferencing Part 5: Where Do We Go from Here?](https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2018/12/adventures-in-video-conferencing-part-5.html)

- [Exploiting CVE-2022-0778, a bug in OpenSSL vis-à-vis WebRTC platforms](https://www.rtcsec.com/article/exploiting-cve-2022-0778-in-openssl-vs-webrtc-platforms/)

- [Analyzing two FreeSWITCH vulnerabilities – CVE-2021-41157 & CVE-2021-37624](https://0xinfection.github.io/posts/analyzing-freeswitch-vulns/)

- [Abusing Microsoft Teams Direct Routing](https://blog.syss.com/posts/abusing-ms-teams-direct-routing/)

- [Kamailio’s exec module considered harmful](https://www.rtcsec.com/article/kamailio-exec-module-considered-harmful/)



## Books



- [Hacking Exposed Unified Communications & VoIP Security Secrets & Solutions, Second Edition 2nd Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Hacking-Exposed-Communications-Security-Solutions-ebook/dp/B00EHIEDW2/) (published December 20, 2013)

- [Hacking VoIP: Protocols, Attacks, and Countermeasures](https://www.amazon.com/Hacking-VoIP-Protocols-Attacks-Countermeasures-dp-1593271638/) (published March 21, 2008)

- [SIP Security](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0470516364/) (published April 27, 2009)



## Commercial tools



- [SIPVicious PRO](https://sipvicious.pro)



## Vulnerabilities



The following are generic or common vulnerabilities that are related to either signalling, media or infrastructure.



- [RTP bleed](https://rtpbleed.com)

- [SIP Digest Leak](https://resources.enablesecurity.com/resources/sipdigestleak-tut.pdf)



## CTFs and playgrounds



- [SIPVicious PRO demo server](https://demo.sipvicious.pro) - for testing RTC attacks

- [CSAW CTF Qualification Round 2020 / Tasks / WebRTC](https://ctftime.org/task/13011) - a CTF that featured a WebRTC related challenge



## Related lists



- [Awesome Cellular Hacking](https://github.com/W00t3k/Awesome-Cellular-Hacking)

- [Awesome RTC](https://github.com/rtckit/awesome-rtc/)

- [Awesome Telco](https://github.com/ravens/awesome-telco)

- [VoIP Security Resources](https://www.intuitivelabs.com/resources)