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https://github.com/PalindromeLabs/awesome-websocket-security

Awesome information for WebSockets security research
https://github.com/PalindromeLabs/awesome-websocket-security
List: awesome-websocket-security
security security-tools web-application-security websocket websocket-security websockets websockets-security
Last synced: 16 days ago
JSON representation
Awesome information for WebSockets security research
Host: GitHub
URL: https://github.com/PalindromeLabs/awesome-websocket-security
Owner: PalindromeLabs
License: apache-2.0
Created: 2021-11-10T23:51:28.000Z (about 3 years ago)
Default Branch: main
Last Pushed: 2022-01-10T16:57:24.000Z (almost 3 years ago)
Last Synced: 2024-05-20T01:00:35.328Z (7 months ago)
Topics: security, security-tools, web-application-security, websocket, websocket-security, websockets, websockets-security
Homepage:
Size: 18.6 KB
Stars: 238
Watchers: 12
Forks: 24
Open Issues: 0
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
- License: LICENSE
Awesome Lists containing this project

ultimate-awesome - awesome-websocket-security - Awesome information for WebSockets security research. (Other Lists / Monkey C Lists)
README

        # Awesome WebSockets Security

[![Awesome](https://cdn.rawgit.com/sindresorhus/awesome/d7305f38d29fed78fa85652e3a63e154dd8e8829/media/badge.svg)](https://github.com/sindresorhus/awesome)

A collection of CVEs, research, and reference materials related to WebSocket security

------

## Contents

- [WebSocket Library Vulnerabilities](#websocket_library_vulnerabilities)

- [Conference Talks](#conference_talks)

- [Common WebSocket Weaknesses](#common_weaknesses)

- [WebSocket Security Tools](#websocket_security_tools)

- [Bug Bounty Writeups](#bug_bounty_writeups)

- [Useful blog posts](#useful_blogs)

------

## WebSocket Library Vulnerabilities

This list of vulnerabilities attempts to capture WebSocket CVEs and

related issues in commonly encountered WebSockets server implementations.

| CVE ID | Vulnerable package | Related writeup | Vulnerability summary |

| :---- | :---------- | :-------------------- | :------ |

| [CVE-2021-42340](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-42340) | [Tomcat](https://github.com/uNetworking/uWebSockets) | [Apache mailing list](https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r83a35be60f06aca2065f188ee542b9099695d57ced2e70e0885f905c%40%3Cannounce.tomcat.apache.org%3E) | DoS memory leak |

| [CVE-2021-33880](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33880) | [Python websockets](https://github.com/aaugustin/websockets) | [GitHub Advisory](https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-8ch4-58qp-g3mp) | HTTP basic auth timing attack |

| [CVE-2021-32640](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32640) | [ws](https://github.com/websockets/ws) | [GitHub Advisory](https://github.com/websockets/ws/security/advisories/GHSA-6fc8-4gx4-v693) | Regex backtracking Denial of Service |

| [CVE-2020-36406](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36406) | [uWebSockets](https://github.com/uNetworking/uWebSockets) | [OSS Fuzz Summary](https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz-vulns/blob/main/vulns/uwebsockets/OSV-2020-1695.yaml) | Stack buffer overflow |

| [CVE-2020-27813](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-27813) | [Gorilla](https://github.com/gorilla/websocket) | [GitHub Advisory](https://github.com/gorilla/websocket/security/advisories/GHSA-jf24-p9p9-4rjh) | Integer overflow |

| [CVE-2020-24807](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-24807) | [socket.io-file](https://github.com/rico345100/socket.io-file) | [Auxilium Security](https://blog.auxiliumcybersec.com/?p=2646) | File type restriction bypass |

| [CVE-2020-15779](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15779) | [socket.io-file](https://github.com/rico345100/socket.io-file) | [Auxilium Security](https://blog.auxiliumcybersec.com/?p=2586) | Path traversal |

| [CVE-2020-15134](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15134) | [faye-websocket](https://github.com/faye/faye-websocket-ruby) | [GitHub advisory](https://github.com/faye/faye/security/advisories/GHSA-3q49-h8f9-9fr9) | Lack of TLS certificate validation |

| [CVE-2020-15133](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15133) | [faye-websocket](https://github.com/faye/faye-websocket-ruby) | [GitHub advisory](https://github.com/faye/faye-websocket-ruby/security/advisories/GHSA-2v5c-755p-p4gv) | Lack of TLS certificate validation |

| [CVE-2020-11050](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-11050) | [Java WebSocket](https://tootallnate.github.io/Java-WebSocket/) | [GitHub advisory](https://github.com/TooTallNate/Java-WebSocket/security/advisories/GHSA-gw55-jm4h-x339) | SSL hostname validation not performed |

| [CVE-2020-7663](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-7663) | [Ruby websocket-extensions](https://rubygems.org/gems/websocket-extensions) | [Writeup](https://blog.jcoglan.com/2020/06/02/redos-vulnerability-in-websocket-extensions/) | Regex backtracking Denial of Service |

| [CVE-2020-7662](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-7662) | [npm websocket-extensions](https://rubygems.org/gems/websocket-extensions) | [Writeup](https://snyk.io/blog/regular-expression-denial-of-service-in-websocket-extensions/) | Regex backtracking Denial of Service |

| None | [Socket.io](https://github.com/socketio/socket.io) | [GitHub Issue](https://github.com/socketio/socket.io/issues/3671) | CORS misconfiguration |

| [CVE-2018-1000518](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1000518) | [Python websockets](https://github.com/aaugustin/websockets) | [GitHub PR](https://github.com/aaugustin/websockets/pull/407) | DoS via memory exhaustion when decompressing compressed data |

| None | [Tornado](https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado) | [GitHub PR](https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado/pull/2391) | DoS via memory exhaustion when decompressing compressed data |

| [CVE-2018-21035](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-21035) | [Qt WebSockets](https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qtwebsockets-index.html) | [Bug report](https://bugreports.qt.io/browse/QTBUG-70693) | Denial of service due large limit on message and frame size |

| [CVE-2017-16031](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16031) | [socket.io](https://socket.io/) | [GitHub Issue](https://github.com/socketio/socket.io/issues/856) | Socket IDs use predictable random numbers |

| [CVE-2016-10544](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-10544) | [uWebSockets](https://github.com/uNetworking/uWebSockets) | [npm advisory](https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/149) | Denial of service due to large limit on message size |

| [CVE-2016-10542](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-10542) | [NodeJS ws](https://www.npmjs.com/package/ws) | [npm advisory](https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/120) | Denial of service due to large limit on message size |

| None | [draft-hixie-thewebsocketprotocol-76](https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-hixie-thewebsocketprotocol-76) | [Writeup](https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:oPoZu0vomjYJ:https://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/current/msg04744.html+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us) |  |

------

## Conference Talks, Papers, Notable Blog Posts

## 2011

- Talking to Yourself for Fun and Profit [Paper](http://www.adambarth.com/papers/2011/huang-chen-barth-rescorla-jackson.pdf)

### 2012

- Blackhat 2012 - Mike Shema, Sergey Shekyan, Vaagn Toukharian - Hacking with WebSockets [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ALjHUqSz_Y)

### 2019

- Hacktivity 2019 - Mikhail Egorov - What’s Wrong with WebSocket APIs? Unveiling Vulnerabilities in WebSocket APIs [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gANzRo7UHt8)

- DerbyCon 2019 - Michael Fowl, Nick Defoe - Old Tools New Tricks Hacking WebSockets [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhxayMPknFI)

### 2021

- OWASP Global AppSec US 2021 - Erik Elbieh - We’re not in HTTP anymore: Investigating WebSocket Server Security [Tool](https://github.com/PalindromeLabs/STEWS) [Paper](https://github.com/PalindromeLabs/STEWS/blob/main/paper.pdf) [Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bMFP71UAbPo)

------

## Common WebSocket Weaknesses

### Unencrypted WebSockets

- Black Hills WebSocket testing guide: [Link](https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/how-to-hack-websockets-and-socket-io/)

### Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH)

- Original CSWSH blog post by Christian Schneider: [Link](https://christian-schneider.net/CrossSiteWebSocketHijacking.html)

- PortSwigger Web Academy CSWSH lab: [Link](https://portswigger.net/web-security/websockets/cross-site-websocket-hijacking)

### Insecure Authentication Mechanism

- Stratum Security blog post: [Link](https://blog.stratumsecurity.com/2016/06/13/websockets-auth/)

- Heroku WebSocket Security: [Link](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/websocket-security#authentication-authorization)

### Reverse Proxy Bypass using Upgrade Header

- Mikhail Egorov's initial PoC from Hacktivity 2019: [Link](https://github.com/0ang3el/websocket-smuggle)

- Jake Miller's HTTP 2 smuggling tool based on Mikhail's PoC work: [Link](https://github.com/BishopFox/h2csmuggler)

- AssetNote blog post with golang h2smuggler tool: [Link](https://blog.assetnote.io/2021/03/18/h2c-smuggling/)

## DOM-based WebSocket-URL poisoning

- Portswigger summary: [Link](https://portswigger.net/web-security/dom-based/websocket-url-poisoning)

------

## Useful Blog Posts & Resources

- Portscanning using WebSockets [Link](https://medium.com/@stestagg/stealing-secrets-from-developers-using-websockets-254f98d577a0)

- WebSocket fuzzing with Kitty fuzzing framework [Link](https://snikt.net/blog/2019/05/22/to-fuzz-a-websocket/)

- WebSocket fuzzing harness [Link](https://vdalabs.com/2019/03/05/hacking-web-sockets-all-web-pentest-tools-welcomed/)

- Project Zero WebSockets-based buffer overflow [Link](https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2020/02/several-months-in-life-of-part2.html)

- Reserved Extension, Subprotocol values [Link](https://www.iana.org/assignments/websocket/websocket.xml#subprotocol-name)

------

## WebSocket Security Tools

### Discovery, Fingerprinting, Vulnerability Detection

- STEWS [GitHub](https://github.com/PalindromeLabs/STEWS)

### Fuzzing

- websocket-fuzzer [GitHub](https://github.com/andresriancho/websocket-fuzzer)

- websocket-harness [GitHub](https://github.com/VDA-Labs/websocket-harness)

### Playgrounds

- DVWS: A purposefully vulnerable WebSocket demo [GitHub](https://github.com/interference-security/DVWS)

- WebSocket-Playground: Jumpstart multiple WebSockets servers [GitHub](https://github.com/PalindromeLabs/WebSockets-Playground)

### General Utilities & Tools

- WebSocket King [in-browser tool](https://websocketking.com/)

- Hoppscotch.io [in-browser tool](https://hoppscotch.io/realtime)

- websocat [GitHub](https://github.com/vi/websocat)

- wsd [GitHub](https://github.com/alexanderGugel/wsd)

------

## Bug Bounty Writeups

### CSWSH bugs

- [Slack H1 #207170](https://hackerone.com/reports/207170): CSWSH (plus [an additional writeup](https://labs.detectify.com/2017/02/28/hacking-slack-using-postmessage-and-websocket-reconnect-to-steal-your-precious-token/))

- [Facebook](https://ysamm.com/?p=363): CSWSH

- [Stripo H1 #915541](https://hackerone.com/reports/915541): CSWSH

- [Coda H1 #535436](https://hackerone.com/reports/535436): CSWSH

- [Legal Robot #211283](https://hackerone.com/reports/211283): CSWSH

- [Legal Robot H1 #274324](https://hackerone.com/reports/274324): CSWSH

- [Grammarly #395729](https://hackerone.com/reports/395729): CSWSH

- [Undisclosed target](https://sharan-panegav.medium.com/account-takeover-using-cross-site-websocket-hijacking-cswh-99cf9cea6c50): CSWSH

- [Undisclosed target](https://medium.com/bugbountywriteup/one-token-to-leak-them-all-the-story-of-a-8000-npm-token-79b13af182a3): CSWSH

### Other bugs

- [PlayStation H1 #873614](https://hackerone.com/reports/873614): Remote code execution over WebSockets

- [Shopify H1 #409701](https://hackerone.com/reports/409701): SSRF over WebSockets

- [QIWI H1 #512065](https://hackerone.com/reports/512065): DOM XSS over WebSockets

- [NodeJS H1 #868834](https://hackerone.com/reports/868834): DoS because no timeout to close unresponsive connections

- [Bitwala H1 #862835](https://hackerone.com/reports/862835): Broken authentication

- [Shopify H1 #1023669](https://hackerone.com/reports/1023669): Broken authentication

- [Legal Robot H1 #163464](https://hackerone.com/reports/163464): Information leak

- [GitHub H1 #854439](https://hackerone.com/reports/854439): Arbitrary SQL queries via injection

- [Undisclosed target](https://footstep.ninja/posts/idor-via-websockets/): IDOR over WebSockets

- [Undisclosed target on BugCrowd](https://medium.com/@osamaavvan/exploiting-websocket-application-wide-xss-csrf-66e9e2ac8dfa): XSS over WebSockets