https://github.com/amplifying-ai/awesome-generative-engine-optimization
Curated resources for Generative Engine Optimization (GEO): guides, tools & research to boost visibility in AI-powered search engines.
https://github.com/amplifying-ai/awesome-generative-engine-optimization
List: awesome-generative-engine-optimization
ai-search-engine ai-search-optimization awesome awesome-list generative generative-engine-optimization geo llm search seo
Last synced: 4 months ago
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Curated resources for Generative Engine Optimization (GEO): guides, tools & research to boost visibility in AI-powered search engines.
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/amplifying-ai/awesome-generative-engine-optimization
- Owner: amplifying-ai
- Created: 2025-06-05T05:40:25.000Z (4 months ago)
- Default Branch: main
- Last Pushed: 2025-06-05T14:50:16.000Z (4 months ago)
- Last Synced: 2025-06-14T06:01:52.705Z (4 months ago)
- Topics: ai-search-engine, ai-search-optimization, awesome, awesome-list, generative, generative-engine-optimization, geo, llm, search, seo
- Homepage:
- Size: 3.82 MB
- Stars: 4
- Watchers: 0
- Forks: 0
- Open Issues: 0
-
Metadata Files:
- Readme: readme.md
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README
# Awesome Generative Engine Optimization (GEO) [](https://awesome.re/)
> A curated list of resources for optimizing content visibility in AI-powered search engines (ChatGPT, Perplexity, Google AI Overviews, Claude, etc.)
**Also known as**: AI Search Optimization (AISO), Answer Engine Optimization (AEO), Large Language Model Optimization (LLMO), Generative AI Optimization, AI SEO, LLM SEO
## What is GEO?
Generative Engine Optimization (GEO) is the practice of optimizing content to improve visibility and citations in AI-powered search engines. Unlike traditional SEO which focuses on ranking in search engine results pages (SERPs), GEO aims to have content referenced, cited, and recommended by Large Language Models (LLMs) when they generate responses.
### Why GEO Matters
- **AI search is growing rapidly** - ChatGPT commands ~4.33% of search traffic, with 300% growth in unique domains receiving AI traffic in 2024 ([SEMrush study](https://www.semrush.com/blog/chatgpt-search-insights/))
- **New user behaviors** - Users write 23-word prompts to ChatGPT (vs 4.2 words in traditional search), seeking comprehensive answers rather than links ([SEMrush analysis](https://www.semrush.com/blog/chatgpt-search-insights/))
- **Direct answers, not blue links** - AI engines provide synthesized information directly, making citation inclusion critical for visibility
- **Multiple platforms** - Beyond Google, users now search via ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Perplexity, and other AI assistants
### Key GEO Concepts
- **Citations and Attribution** - Getting brands and content cited as sources in AI-generated responses
- **Entity Optimization** - Strengthening brand presence as a recognized entity across the web
- **E-E-A-T (Experience, Expertise, Authoritativeness, Trustworthiness)** - Quality signals that influence AI recommendations. While E-E-A-T matters for traditional SEO, it's even more critical for GEO because LLMs prioritize citing authoritative sources to maintain accuracy. AI engines theoretically look for clear author credentials, publication dates, citations to primary sources, and corroboration across multiple trusted sites when selecting which content to reference in their responses
- **llms.txt** - A proposed standard file (like robots.txt) for communicating with LLM crawlers. While not yet universally adopted, companies like Stripe, Zapier, and Cloudflare have implemented it
- **Multi-platform Optimization** - Optimizing for different AI engines' unique algorithms and citation styles
### GEO vs Traditional SEO
While GEO shares foundations with SEO (quality content, technical optimization, authority building), it differs in key ways:
- **Optimization target** - LLM training data and retrieval systems vs. traditional search algorithms
- **Success metrics** - Citation frequency and brand mentions vs. rankings and clicks
- **Content strategy** - Comprehensive, authoritative information vs. keyword-targeted pages
- **Technical requirements** - Structured data for LLM comprehension vs. crawlability alone
## Contents
- [Guides & Tutorials](#guides--tutorials)
- [Case Studies](#case-studies)
- [Tools & Software](#tools--software)
- [Research & Papers](#research--papers)
- [Technical Documentation](#technical-documentation)
- [Monitoring & Analytics](#monitoring--analytics)
- [Industry Analysis](#industry-analysis)
- [Related Resources](#related-resources)
## Guides & Tutorials
### Getting Started
- **[What is GEO?](https://searchengineland.com/what-is-generative-engine-optimization-geo-444418)** - Search Engine Land primer
- **[GEO vs SEO Differences](https://seo.ai/blog/generative-engine-optimization-geo-vs-search-engine-optimization-seo)** - Key distinctions
- **[Beginner's Guide to GEO](https://aioseo.com/generative-engine-optimization-geo/)** - Step-by-step introduction
### Platform-Specific Optimization
- **[Google AI Overviews Guide](https://www.rocktherankings.com/how-to-rank-google-ai-overview/)** - Comprehensive tactics
- **[ChatGPT Search Optimization](https://www.hireawriter.us/seo/how-to-influence-chatgpt-search-results)** - Platform-specific strategies
- **[How ChatGPT Search Works](https://www.semrush.com/blog/chatgpt-search/)** - SEMrush's comprehensive guide
- **[Perplexity Ranking Factors](https://firstpagesage.com/seo-blog/perplexity-ai-optimization-ranking-factors-and-strategy/)** - Detailed analysis
- **[How to Rank on Perplexity](https://nogood.io/2024/11/01/how-to-rank-on-perplexity/)** - NoGood's guide
### Technical Implementation
- **[AI Optimization Technical Guide](https://searchengineland.com/ai-optimization-how-to-optimize-your-content-for-ai-search-and-agents-451287)** - Comprehensive technical overview
- **[Integrate GEO with SEO](https://searchengineland.com/integrate-geo-seo-453351)** - Unified approach
- **[6 Ways to Adapt SEO for AI](https://searchengineland.com/adapt-seo-strategy-stronger-ai-visibility-453641)** - Migration strategies
- **[GEO, LLMO, AEO... It's All Just SEO](https://ahrefs.com/blog/geo-is-just-seo/)** - Ahrefs' contrarian take
- **[LLMO: 10 Ways to Work Your Brand Into AI Answers](https://ahrefs.com/blog/llm-optimization/)** - Practical strategies
## Case Studies
### Documented Stories
- **[2,300% AI Traffic Growth - Manufacturing](https://diggitymarketing.com/ai-overviews-seo-case-study/)** - E-E-A-T optimization case
- **[200% Monthly Growth - Auto Parts](https://hedgescompany.com/blog/2025/04/ai-search-optimization-case-studies/)** - Schema + llms.txt implementation
- **[Influencing ChatGPT Results](https://gofishdigital.com/blog/seo-case-study-how-we-influenced-the-chatgpt-search-results/)** - Real-time optimization
- **[115% Visibility - Geneva Worldwide](https://boulderseomarketing.com/seo-case-studies/how-this-translation-transcription-and-interpretation-company-dominated-ai-overviews/)** - AI Overviews domination
- **[7× Growth - Ramp Fintech](https://www.tryprofound.com/case-studies/ramp)** - 3.2% to 22.2% visibility
- **[How to Appear in Generative AI Searches](https://github.com/amplifying-ai/awesome-generative-engine-optimization/blob/42a04a67b77bcb4df6152a2151ed32b148530ee9/presentations/Exposure%20Ninja%20How%20to%20Appear%20in%20Generative%20AI%20Searches.pdf)** - Exposure Ninja presentation
## Tools & Software
### Open Source Data / Evals
- **[AI Product Bench](https://github.com/amplifying-ai/ai-product-bench)** - Benchmark for AI product visibility
### llms.txt Generators
- **[llmstxtgenerator.org](https://llmstxtgenerator.org/)** - Web-based generator
- **[WordLift Generator](https://wordlift.io/generate-llms-txt/)** - WordPress integration
- **[Apify Generator](https://apify.com/jakub.kopecky/llmstxt-generator)** - Scraping-based generator
- **[vitepress-plugin-llms](https://github.com/AnswerDotAI/llms-txt)** - VitePress plugin
## Research & Papers
### Foundational Research
- **[GEO: Generative Engine Optimization](https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.09735)** - Princeton/Georgia Tech/Allen Institute study showing 40% visibility improvements. *Introduces 9 core optimization tactics including cite sources, statistics, and quotations strategies that showed measurable results.*
- **[GEO on ACM Digital Library](https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3637528.3671900)** - Peer-reviewed publication with full methodology. *Provides testing framework for measuring GEO success across different content domains and query types.*
- **[Inside AI Search Ranking Factors](https://pallasadvisory.com/2025/03/14/inside-ai-search-decoding-how-chatgpt-perplexity-rank-your-content/)** - Pallas Advisory's reverse engineering of AI ranking. *Offers insights on how ChatGPT and Perplexity select and rank sources in their responses.*
### Knowledge Conflicts & Retrieval
- **[ConflictBank: LLM Knowledge Conflicts](https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.12076)** - 7.4M claim-evidence pairs dataset. *Explores when AI systems trust external content over conflicting information in their training data.*
- **[ConflictingQA Dataset](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.11782)** - How LLMs handle contradictory information. *Findings suggest that LLMs favor source relevance over academic tone when selecting information.*
- **[When Search Meets LLMs](https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.00128)** - Survey on Search4LLM & LLM4Search pipelines. *Maps the technical architecture behind AI search, identifying potential optimization points.*
### Adversarial & Security Research
- **[Dynamics of Adversarial Attacks on LLM-Based Search](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2501.00745)** - Game-theoretic model of attacks on LLM search engines. *Analyzes the competitive dynamics between black-hat and white-hat GEO tactics.*
- **[GASLITE: SEO Attacks on Dense Retrieval](https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.20953)** - 0.0001% corpus poisoning achieves top-10 hijacking. *Identifies vulnerabilities in AI retrieval systems that practitioners should be aware of.*
- **[Adversarial SEO for LLMs](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.18382)** - Hidden text boosts mentions 2.5× in AI answers. *Demonstrates manipulation techniques, highlighting the importance of legitimate optimization approaches.*
- **[Ranking Manipulation for Conversational Search](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.03589)** - Prompt injection for ranking manipulation. *Shows how on-page content can influence AI rankings through strategic text structures.*
- **[Persistent Pre-Training Poisoning of LLMs](https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.13722)** - Long-term poisoning attack strategies. *Suggests why maintaining fresh, authoritative content matters as AI systems update their training data.*
## Technical Documentation
### llms.txt Protocol
- **[llms.txt Specification](https://github.com/AnswerDotAI/llms-txt)** - Official standard by Jeremy Howard
- **[Companies Using llms.txt](https://llms-txt.io/blog/companies-using-llms-txt-examples)** - Implementations by Zapier, Stripe, Cloudflare
- **[llms.txt Directory](https://directory.llmstxt.cloud/)** - Growing list of 100+ implementations
- **[What Is llms.txt?](https://ahrefs.com/blog/what-is-llms-txt/)** - Ahrefs implementation guide
- **[LLMs.txt Technical Deep Dive](https://towardsdatascience.com/llms-txt-414d5121bcb3/)** - Protocol analysis
### AI Crawlers
- **[AI Crawler User Agents List](https://momenticmarketing.com/blog/ai-search-crawlers-bots)** - Comprehensive list updated monthly
- **[The Rise of AI Crawlers](https://vercel.com/blog/the-rise-of-the-ai-crawler)** - Analysis of 1.3B crawler requests
- **[How OpenAI Crawls Websites](https://www.withdaydream.com/library/how-openai-crawls-and-indexes-your-website)** - Technical breakdown
- **[AI Crawlers Can't Execute JavaScript](https://prerender.io/blog/how-to-optimize-your-website-for-ai-crawlers/)** - Critical limitation analysis
### Structured Data
- **[AI Search & Structured Data](https://www.searchenginejournal.com/ai-search-optimization-make-your-structured-data-accessible/537843/)** - Implementation guide
- **[JSON-LD vs Microdata Performance](https://www.searchpilot.com/resources/case-studies/json-versus-microdata-in-2024)** - A/B test results
- **[Schema for AI Visibility](https://www.oneorangecow.com/blog/increase-ai-search-visibility-with-structured-data-and-schema-markup)** - Best practices
## Monitoring & Analytics
### Measurement Guides
- **[Track AI Visibility Across Platforms](https://searchengineland.com/how-to-track-visibility-across-ai-platforms-454251)** - Cross-platform tracking
- **[AI Search Traffic in GA4](https://www.seoclarity.net/blog/track-ai-search-traffic)** - Analytics setup
- **[Measuring GEO Success](https://www.purplexmarketing.com/news/measuring-success-in-geo)** - KPI framework
- **[AI Brand Footprint Measurement](https://www.wholewhale.com/tips/measuring-your-ai-brand-footprint-the-hidden-visibility-challenge/)** - Visibility challenges
## Industry Analysis
### Market Research & Data
- **[How GEO Rewrites Search Rules](https://a16z.com/geo-over-seo/)** - Andreessen Horowitz analysis
- **[AI Search Engines Comparison](https://seranking.com/blog/chatgpt-vs-perplexity-vs-google-vs-bing-comparison-research/)** - Platform differences
- **[Top 4 AI Search Engines](https://research.aimultiple.com/ai-search-engine/)** - Market overview
- **[AI Overviews Have Doubled](https://ahrefs.com/blog/ai-overview-growth/)** - 25M queries analyzed
- **[SEMrush AI Overviews Study 2025](https://www.semrush.com/blog/semrush-ai-overviews-study/)** - 10M keyword analysis
- **[AI Search Visibility Leaders by Industry](https://www.seoclarity.net/blog/ai-search-visibility-leaders)** - Sector breakdown
- **[AI Citation Failure Study](https://www.niemanlab.org/2025/03/ai-search-engines-fail-to-produce-accurate-citations-in-over-60-of-tests-according-to-new-tow-center-study/)** - 60% failure rate analysis
- **[ChatGPT Search: 80M Clickstream Analysis](https://www.semrush.com/blog/chatgpt-search-insights/)** - User behavior insights
- **[75K Brand Analysis: AI Overview Ranking Factors](https://ahrefs.com/blog/ai-overview-brand-correlation/)** - Large-scale correlation study
- **[AI Overviews Reduce Clicks by 34.5%](https://ahrefs.com/blog/ai-overviews-reduce-clicks/)** - CTR impact analysis
- **[63% of Websites Receive AI Traffic](https://ahrefs.com/blog/ai-traffic-study/)** - 3,000 site study
### Vendor Landscape
- **[Top GEO Agencies 2025](https://firstpagesage.com/seo-blog/the-top-generative-engine-optimization-geo-agencies-of-2025/)** - Agency rankings
- **[7 Best GEO Agencies](https://beomniscient.com/blog/geo-agencies/)** - Omniscient Digital's review
- **[AI SEO Tools We Love](https://backlinko.com/ai-seo-tools)** - Backlinko's recommendations
## Related Resources
### Other Awesome Lists
- **[Awesome-GEO by DavidHuji](https://github.com/DavidHuji/Awesome-GEO)** - Research-focused GEO paper collection
## Contributing
Your contributions are always welcome!
If you want to contribute to this list (please do), send me a pull request or contact me [@edwin](https://twitter.com/edwin).
## License
[](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)