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https://github.com/astorfi/3D-convolutional-speaker-recognition

:speaker: Deep Learning & 3D Convolutional Neural Networks for Speaker Verification
https://github.com/astorfi/3D-convolutional-speaker-recognition

3d convolutional-neural-networks deep-learning speaker-recognition

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:speaker: Deep Learning & 3D Convolutional Neural Networks for Speaker Verification

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README 

        

=========================================================================================================================

TensorFlow implementation of 3D Convolutional Neural Networks for Speaker Verification - `Official Project Page`_ - `Pytorch Implementation`_

=========================================================================================================================



.. image:: https://codecov.io/gh/astorfi/3D-convolutional-speaker-recognition/branch/master/graph/badge.svg

   :target: https://codecov.io/gh/astorfi/3D-convolutional-speaker-recognition

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    :target: https://github.com/astorfi/3D-convolutional-speaker-recognition/pulls

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    :target: https://github.com/ellerbrock/open-source-badge/

.. image:: https://zenodo.org/badge/94718341.svg

   :target: https://zenodo.org/badge/latestdoi/94718341

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      :target: https://twitter.com/amirsinatorfi



This repository contains the code release for our paper titled as *"Text-Independent

Speaker Verification Using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks"*. The link to the paper_ is

provided as well.



.. _Official Project Page: https://codeocean.com/2017/08/01/3d-convolutional-neural-networks-for-speaker-recognition/code

.. _Pytorch Implementation: https://github.com/astorfi/3D-convolutional-speaker-recognition-pytorch



.. _paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.09422

.. _TensorFlow: https://www.tensorflow.org/



The code has been developed using TensorFlow_. The input pipeline must be prepared by the users.

This code is aimed to provide the implementation for Speaker Verification (SR) by using 3D convolutional neural networks

following the SR protocol.



.. image:: readme_images/conv_gif.gif

    :target: https://github.com/astorfi/3D-convolutional-speaker-recognition/blob/master/_images/conv_gif.gif



------------

Citation

------------



If you used this code, please kindly consider citing the following paper:



.. code:: shell



    @article{torfi2017text,

      title={Text-independent speaker verification using 3d convolutional neural networks},

      author={Torfi, Amirsina and Nasrabadi, Nasser M and Dawson, Jeremy},

      journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1705.09422},

      year={2017}

    }



-----

DEMO

-----



For running a demo, after forking the repository, run the following scrit:



.. code:: shell



    ./run.sh



|speakerrecognition|



.. |speakerrecognition| image:: readme_images/speakerrecognition.png

    :target: https://asciinema.org/a/yfy6FryUAWWMl1vgylrRagMdw



--------------

General View

--------------



We leveraged 3D convolutional architecture for creating the speaker model in order to simultaneously

capturing the speech-related and temporal information from the speakers' utterances.



~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Speaker Verification Protocol(SVP)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



In this work, a 3D Convolutional Neural Network (3D-CNN)

architecture has been utilized for text-independent speaker

verification in three phases.



     1. At the **development phase**, a CNN is trained

     to classify speakers at the utterance-level.



     2. In the **enrollment stage**, the trained network is utilized to directly create a

     speaker model for each speaker based on the extracted features.



     3. Finally, in the **evaluation phase**, the extracted features

     from the test utterance will be compared to the stored speaker

     model to verify the claimed identity.



The aforementioned three phases are usually considered as the SV protocol. One of the main

challenges is the creation of the speaker models. Previously-reported approaches create

speaker models based on averaging the extracted features from utterances of the speaker,

which is known as the d-vector system.



~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

How to leverage 3D Convolutional Neural Networks?

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



In our paper, we propose the implementation of 3D-CNNs for direct speaker model creation

in which, for both development and enrollment phases, an identical number of

speaker utterances is fed to the network for representing the spoken utterances

and creation of the speaker model. This leads to simultaneously capturing the

speaker-related information and building a more robust system to cope with

within-speaker variation. We demonstrate that the proposed method significantly

outperforms the d-vector verification system.



--------------------

Code Implementation

--------------------



The input pipeline must be provided by the user. **Please refer to ``code/0-input/input_feature.py`` for having an idea about how the input pipeline works.**



~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Input Pipeline for this work

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



.. image:: readme_images/Speech_GIF.gif

    :target: https://github.com/astorfi/3D-convolutional-speaker-recognition/blob/master/_images/Speech_GIF.gif



The MFCC features can be used as the data representation of the spoken utterances at the frame level. However, a

drawback is their non-local characteristics due to the last DCT 1 operation for generating MFCCs. This operation disturbs the locality property and is in contrast with the local characteristics of the convolutional operations. The employed approach in this work is to use the log-energies, which we

call MFECs. The extraction of MFECs is similar to MFCCs

by discarding the DCT operation. The temporal features are

overlapping 20ms windows with the stride of 10ms, which are

used for the generation of spectrum features. From a 0.8-

second sound sample, 80 temporal feature sets (each forms

a 40 MFEC features) can be obtained which form the input

speech feature map. Each input feature map has the dimen-

sionality of ζ × 80 × 40 which is formed from 80 input

frames and their corresponding spectral features, where ζ is

the number of utterances used in modeling the speaker during

the development and enrollment stages.



The **speech features** have been extracted using [SpeechPy]_ package.



~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Implementation of 3D Convolutional Operation

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



.. _Slim: https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/tree/master/tensorflow/contrib/slim



The Slim_ high-level API made our life very easy. The following script has been used for our

implementation:



.. code:: python



        net = slim.conv2d(inputs, 16, [3, 1, 5], stride=[1, 1, 1], scope='conv11')

        net = PReLU(net, 'conv11_activation')

        net = slim.conv2d(net, 16, [3, 9, 1], stride=[1, 2, 1], scope='conv12')

        net = PReLU(net, 'conv12_activation')

        net = tf.nn.max_pool3d(net, strides=[1, 1, 1, 2, 1], ksize=[1, 1, 1, 2, 1], padding='VALID', name='pool1')



        ############ Conv-2 ###############

        ############ Conv-1 ###############

        net = slim.conv2d(net, 32, [3, 1, 4], stride=[1, 1, 1], scope='conv21')

        net = PReLU(net, 'conv21_activation')

        net = slim.conv2d(net, 32, [3, 8, 1], stride=[1, 2, 1], scope='conv22')

        net = PReLU(net, 'conv22_activation')

        net = tf.nn.max_pool3d(net, strides=[1, 1, 1, 2, 1], ksize=[1, 1, 1, 2, 1], padding='VALID', name='pool2')



        ############ Conv-3 ###############

        ############ Conv-1 ###############

        net = slim.conv2d(net, 64, [3, 1, 3], stride=[1, 1, 1], scope='conv31')

        net = PReLU(net, 'conv31_activation')

        net = slim.conv2d(net, 64, [3, 7, 1], stride=[1, 1, 1], scope='conv32')

        net = PReLU(net, 'conv32_activation')

        # net = slim.max_pool2d(net, [1, 1], stride=[4, 1], scope='pool1')



        ############ Conv-4 ###############

        net = slim.conv2d(net, 128, [3, 1, 3], stride=[1, 1, 1], scope='conv41')

        net = PReLU(net, 'conv41_activation')

        net = slim.conv2d(net, 128, [3, 7, 1], stride=[1, 1, 1], scope='conv42')

        net = PReLU(net, 'conv42_activation')

        # net = slim.max_pool2d(net, [1, 1], stride=[4, 1], scope='pool1')



        ############ Conv-5 ###############

        net = slim.conv2d(net, 128, [4, 3, 3], stride=[1, 1, 1], normalizer_fn=None, scope='conv51')

        net = PReLU(net, 'conv51_activation')



        # net = slim.conv2d(net, 256, [1, 1], stride=[1, 1], scope='conv52')

        # net = PReLU(net, 'conv52_activation')



        # Last layer which is the logits for classes

        logits = tf.contrib.layers.conv2d(net, num_classes, [1, 1, 1], activation_fn=None, scope='fc')



As it can be seen, ``slim.conv2d`` has been used. However, simply by using 3D kernels as ``[k_x, k_y, k_z]``

and ``stride=[a, b, c]`` it can be turned into a 3D-conv operation. The base of the ``slim.conv2d`` is

``tf.contrib.layers.conv2d``. Please refer to official Documentation_ for further details.



.. _Documentation: https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python/tf/contrib/layers



-----------

Disclaimer

-----------



.. _link: https://github.com/tensorflow/models/tree/master/slim



The code architecture part has been heavily inspired by Slim_ and Slim image classification

library. Please refer to this link_ for further details.



---------

Citation

---------



If you used this code please kindly cite the following paper:



.. code:: shell



  @article{torfi2017text,

    title={Text-Independent Speaker Verification Using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks},

    author={Torfi, Amirsina and Nasrabadi, Nasser M and Dawson, Jeremy},

    journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1705.09422},

    year={2017}

  }



--------

License

--------



The license is as follows:



.. code:: shell



   APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.



      To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following

      boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "{}"

      replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include the brackets!)  The text should be enclosed in the appropriate

      comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a

      file or class name and description of purpose be included on the

      same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier

      identification within third-party archives.



   Copyright {2017} {Amirsina Torfi}



   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

   You may obtain a copy of the License at



       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0



   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

   limitations under the License.



Please refer to LICENSE_ file for further detail.



.. _LICENSE: https://github.com/astorfi/3D-convolutional-speaker-recognition/blob/master/LICENSE



-------------

Contribution

-------------



We are looking forward to your kind feedback. Please help us to improve the code and make

our work better. For contribution, please create the pull request and we will investigate it promptly.

Once again, we appreciate your feedback and code inspections.



.. rubric:: references



.. [SpeechPy] Amirsina Torfi. 2017. astorfi/speech_feature_extraction: SpeechPy. Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.810392.