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https://github.com/betty200744/ultimate-go

This repo contains my notes on working with Go and computer systems.
https://github.com/betty200744/ultimate-go
algorithms data-structures docker-compose example gin go golang gorm grpc kafka
Last synced: 1 day ago
JSON representation
This repo contains my notes on working with Go and computer systems.
Host: GitHub
URL: https://github.com/betty200744/ultimate-go
Owner: betty200744
License: bsd-2-clause
Created: 2019-09-20T01:01:26.000Z (over 5 years ago)
Default Branch: master
Last Pushed: 2024-05-10T09:02:19.000Z (8 months ago)
Last Synced: 2025-01-03T22:08:55.748Z (8 days ago)
Topics: algorithms, data-structures, docker-compose, example, gin, go, golang, gorm, grpc, kafka
Language: Go
Homepage:
Size: 14.7 MB
Stars: 1,928
Watchers: 41
Forks: 141
Open Issues: 10
Metadata Files:
- Readme: readme.md
- License: LICENSE.txt
Awesome Lists containing this project

my-awesome - betty200744/ultimate-go - structures,docker-compose,example,gin,go,golang,gorm,grpc,kafka pushed_at:2024-05 star:1.9k fork:0.1k This repo contains my notes on working with Go and computer systems. (Go)
awesome-golang-repositories - ultimate-go
README

        ## Motivation

This repo contains my notes on work with Go and computer systems

## Table of Contents

- **Language Specification**

    - **Syntax**

        - Variables: [Zero value concept | Initialization | Const](./Language_Specification/variables/variables.go)

        - Constant: [Initialization | iota](./Language_Specification/constant/constant.go)

        - Conversions: [Conversion](./Language_Specification/conversions/conversions.go)

        -

      Struct: [Declare_Initialize | Name And Anonymous type](Language_Specification/reference-type/struct/structs_Declare_Initialize.go)

      [Field | Field Function| Iterate Field Name And Value | Selector and Promoted](Language_Specification/reference-type/struct/struct_field.go)

      | [Method Set](Language_Specification/reference-type/struct/struct_method_set.go)

        - Struct Tags: [Wiki](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Well-known-struct-tags)

          | [Code](Language_Specification/reference-type/struct/struct_tag.go)

          | [Tag-Doc](Language_Specification/reference-type/struct/struct_tags.md)

        - Pointer:

            - [Passing by value | Escape analysis | Stack space ](./Language_Specification/build-in-type/pointers/pointers.go)

      Function: [Initialization | argument | multiple returns | named return ](./Language_Specification/reference-type/function/functions.go)

        - Build-in types: [Built-in types](Language_Specification/build-in-type)

        - statement: [statement](./Language_Specification/statements/statements.md)

          | [if else](./Language_Specification/statements/if_else.go)

          | [for](./Language_Specification/statements/for.go) | [switch](./Language_Specification/statements/switch.go)

          | [select](./Language_Specification/statements/select.go) | [go](https://golang.org/ref/spec#Go_statements)

    - **Data Structures**

        - Enum: [Enum](./Language_Specification/enum/enum.go)

        - Array: [CPU Cache | TLB | Initialization | Iteration | Type array | Contiguous memory allocation](Language_Specification/reference-type/array/arrays.go)

        - Slice: [Initialization | Length vs Capacity | Reference Type | Appending | Slice of Slice](./Language_Specification/reference-type/slice/slices_cheat_sheet.go)

      | [Map | Reduce | Filter | Include | All|Any ](./Language_Specification/reference-type/slice/slice_collection_function.go)

        - Map: [Initialization | Iteration | Deleting | Finding | Restriction ](./Language_Specification/reference-type/map/maps.go)

        - Channel: [Declare | Iteration | Exit | send statements |receive operations](./Language_Specification/reference-type/channel/channel_test.go)

    - **Decoupling**

        - Method:

            - [Value and Pointer Receiver Call](Language_Specification/reference-type/method/methods_receiver.go)

              | [wiki](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/CodeReviewComments#receiver-type)

            - [Value and Pointer Semantics](Language_Specification/reference-type/method/methods_receiver.go)

            - [Methods are just functions | Function variable](Language_Specification/reference-type/struct/struct_method_set.go)

            - [closures](./Language_Specification/closures/closures.go)

        - Interface:

            - [Declaring |Type assertions| Concrete type vs Interface type| Polymorphic function](./Language_Specification/reference-type/interfaces/interfaces_cheat_sheet.go)

        - Embedding:

            - [Declaring fields, NOT Embedding](Language_Specification/reference-type/struct_embedding/struct_embedding.go)

            - [Embedding type | Inner type promotion](Language_Specification/reference-type/struct_embedding/struct_embedding.go)

            - [Embedded type and Interface](Language_Specification/reference-type/struct_embedding/struct_embedding.go)

            - [Outer and inner type implementing the same Interface](Language_Specification/reference-type/struct_embedding/struct_embedding.go)

        - Exporting:

            - [Exported identifier](./Language_Specification/exporting/exporting.go)

            - [Accessing a value of an unexported identifier](./Language_Specification/exporting/exporting.go)

            - [Unexported fields from an exported struct](./Language_Specification/exporting/exporting.go)

    - **Dependency management** [Go Modules](./go_module.md)

    - **Error Handling**

        - [Default error values](./design-pattern/go-design/error_handling/error_handling.go)

        - [Error variables](./design-pattern/go-design/error_handling/error_handling.go)

          | [best practices](https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/blob/master/codes/codes.go)

        - [Type as context](./design-pattern/go-design/error_handling/error_handling.go)

        - [Wrapping Errors](./design-pattern/go-design/grpc_go_error_handling)

    - **Context**

        - [Store and retrieve values from a context](./build-in-package/context/context_cheat_sheet.go)

        - [WithCancel](./build-in-package/context/context_cheat_sheet.go)

        - [WithDeadline](./build-in-package/context/context_cheat_sheet.go)

        - [WithTimeout](./build-in-package/context/context_cheat_sheet.go)

- **Concurrency** [LearnConcurrency](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/LearnConcurrency)

    - [Goroutine](./LearnConcurrency/learn_concurrency.md)

        - [asynchronous network IO](./LearnConcurrency/basics/basics.go)

    - [Channel](./LearnConcurrency/learn_concurrency.md)

        - [Guideline](https://github.com/ardanlabs/gotraining/tree/master/topics/go#concurrent-software-design)

        - [ping_pong](./LearnConcurrency/communicate_channel/ping_pong/ping_pong.go)

        - [multiplexing](./LearnConcurrency/communicate_channel/multiplexing/multiplexing.go)

        - [waitgroup](./LearnConcurrency/communicate_channel/waitgroup/waitgroup.go)

        - [mutex](./LearnConcurrency/communicate_channel/mutex/mutex.go)

        - [worker_pool](./LearnConcurrency/communicate_channel/worker_pool/worker_pool.go)

        - [Select](./LearnConcurrency/communicate_channel/ping_pong/ping_pong.go)

- **Diagnostics Profiling**

    - Diagnostics [Diagnostics ](./diagnostics/profiling/profiling.md)

    - Profiling [code](./diagnostics/profiling/pprof)

    - Stack Trace: [Review](./diagnostics/profiling/pprof)

    - GoLand Debug: [GoLand Debug](./diagnostics/goland_debug/goland_debug.go)

      | [blog](https://blog.jetbrains.com/go/2020/03/03/how-to-find-goroutines-during-debugging/)

- **Testing**

    - Testing:

        - [Basic Unit Test](./main_test.go)

        - [Web Server](awesome-go/bazel/go-tutorial/test/publish_test.go)

        - [Mock](mock/golang/mock/) | [Mock Server](./awesome-go/grpc-go-mock/mock_helloworld/hw_mock.go)

    - Fuzzing

        - [Guideline](https://github.com/ardanlabs/gotraining/blob/master/topics/fuzzing/README.md)

- **Design Pattern** [Design Patterns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_Patterns)

  | [javatpoint](https://www.javatpoint.com/prototype-design-pattern)

    - SOLID: [SOLID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOLID)

    - Creational

        - Simple Factory: [wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factory_(object-oriented_programming))

          | [code](./design-pattern/creational/simple_factory) | [best practices](./awesome-go/go-redis/main.go)

        - *Abstract factory: [wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_factory_pattern)

          | [code](./design-pattern/creational/abstract_factory/abstract_factory.go) | [best practices]()

        - *Builder: [wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Builder_pattern)

          | [code1](./design-pattern/creational/builder/builder.go)

          | [code2](./design-pattern/creational/builder/builder2.go)

          | [best practices orm query build](./awesome-go/gorm/gorm_query_build.go)

          | [best practices es query build](https://github.com/olivere/elastic/wiki/Search)

        - Factory method: [wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factory_method_pattern)

          | [code](./design-pattern/creational/factory_method/factory_method.go)

          | [best practices](./awesome-go/kafkaSarama/sarama_comsumer_group.go)

        - *Object Pool Pattern: [wiki](https://golangbyexample.com/golang-object-pool/)

          | [code](./design-pattern/creational/object_pool/object_pool.go)

          | [best practices bilibili redis pool](https://github.com/whjstc/openbilibili-go-common-1/tree/master/library/cache/redis)

        - *Prototype: [wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prototype_pattern)

          | [code](./design-pattern/creational/prototype/prototype.go)

          | [best practices](./awesome-go/grpc-go/helloworld/greeter_client/main.go)

        - *Singleton: [wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singleton_pattern)

          | [code](./design-pattern/creational/singleton) | [best practices](./readme.md)

    - Structual

        - Adapter: [wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adapter_pattern)

          | [code](./design-pattern/structual/adapter/adapter.go)

          | [best practices](./awesome-go/go-redis/redisClient/redis.go)

        - *Bridge: [wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge_pattern)

          | [code](./design-pattern/structual/bridge/bridge.go) | [best practices](./readme.md)

        - Composite: [wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_pattern)

          | [code](./design-pattern/structual/bridge/bridge.go)

          | [best practices](./algorithms/data-structures/tree/binary_search_tree/binary_search_tree.go)

        - *Decorator: [wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decorator_pattern)

          | [code](./design-pattern/structual/decorator/decorator.go)

          | [best practices](https://github.com/avast/retry-go)

        - Facade: [wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facade_pattern)

          | [code](./design-pattern/structual/facade/facade.go) | [best practices](./readme.md)

        - Flyweight: todo[wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flyweight_pattern) | [code](./readme.md)

          | [best practices](./readme.md)

        - Proxy (network proxy): [wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_pattern)

          | [code](./design-pattern/structual/proxy/proxy.go) | [best practices](./readme.md)

    - Behavioral

        - *Chain of responsibility: [wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain-of-responsibility_pattern)

          | [code](./design-pattern/behavioral/chain_of_responsibility/chain_of_responsibility.go)

          | [best practices](./awesome-go/gin/gin.go)

        - Command: todo [wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_pattern) | [code](./readme.md)

          | [best practices](./readme.md)

        - *Interpreter: todo[wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpreter_pattern) | [code](./readme.md)

          | [best practices](./readme.md)

        - *Iterator: [wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterator_pattern) | [code](./readme.md)

          | [best practices](./readme.md)

        - Mediator: todo[wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediator_pattern) | [code](./readme.md)

          | [best practices](./readme.md)

        - Memento: todo[wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memento_pattern) | [code](./readme.md)

          | [best practices](./readme.md)

        - Observer: todo[wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_pattern) | [code](./readme.md)

          | [best practices](./readme.md)

        - State: todo[wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_pattern) | [code](./readme.md)

          | [best practices](./readme.md)

        - *Strategy: [wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategy_pattern) | [code](./readme.md)

          | [best practices](./awesome-go/kafkaSarama/sarama_comsumer_group.go)

        - Template method : todo[wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_method_pattern) | [code](./readme.md)

          | [best practices](./readme.md)

        - Visitor: todo[wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visitor_pattern) | [code](./readme.md)

          | [best practices](./readme.md)

    - Composition:

      [Guideline](https://github.com/ardanlabs/gotraining/tree/master/topics/go#interface-and-composition-design)

        - Conversion:

            - [Interface Conversions | Type Assertion](./design-pattern/go-design/conversion/conversion.go)

            - [Runtime Type Assertion](./design-pattern/go-design/runtime_type_assertion/runtime_type_assertion.go)    

              **Algorithms** [Algorithms](./algorithms/algorithms.md)

    - Data Structures

        - [Binary Search Tree](./algorithms/data-structures/tree/binary_search_tree)

          |  [(wiki)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_search_tree)

          | [(mit)](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-006-introduction-to-algorithms-fall-2011/lecture-videos/MIT6_006F11_lec05.pdf)

        - [Binary Tree](./algorithms/data-structures/tree/binary_tree)

          |  [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_tree)

        - [Graph](./readme.md)[(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_%28abstract_data_type)

        - [Hash Tables](./algorithms/data-structures/hashing)   | [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_table)

        - [Linked List](./algorithms/data-structures/lists/lists.go)

          | [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linked_list)

            - [Singly Linked List](./algorithms/data-structures/lists/singlylinkedlist/singlylinkedlist.go)

              |  [(wiki)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linked_list#Singly_linked_list)

            - [Doubly linked list](./algorithms/data-structures/lists/doublelinkedlist/doublelinkedlist.go)

              |  [(wiki)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubly_linked_list)

        - [Matrix](./readme.md)  | [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics))

        - [Max Heap](./algorithms/data-structures/heap/maxheap/maxheap.go)

          | [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_%28data_structure%29)

        - [Min Heap](./algorithms/data-structures/heap/minheap/minheap.go)

          | [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_%28data_structure%29)

        - [Priority Queue](./algorithms/data-structures/queue/queue.go)

          | [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priority_queue)

        - [Queue](./algorithms/data-structures/queue/queue.go)

          | [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queue_%28abstract_data_type%29)

        - [Stack](./algorithms/data-structures/stack/stack.go)

          | [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_%28abstract_data_type%29)

    - Graph algorithms

        - Searching:

            - [Depth First Search](./readme.md)   |  [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth-first_search)

            - [Breadth First Search](./readme.md)   |  [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadth-first_search)

    - shortest path:

        - [Dijkstra](./readme.md)  | [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijkstra%27s_algorithm)

    - Sorting:

        - [Topological Sort](./readme.md) |  [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological_sorting)

    - Maths algorithms

        - [Binary GCD algorithm](./algorithms/maths_algorithms/GCD/gcd.go)

          |  [(wiki)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_GCD_algorithm)

        - [Closest pairs](./readme.md)   | [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closest_pair_of_points_problem)

        - [FastPower](./readme.md)  | [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation_by_squaring)

        - [Fibonacci](./algorithms/maths_algorithms/fibonacci/fibonacci.go)

          | [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_number)

        - [Fisher-Yates Shuffle-yates](./readme.md)

          |  [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher%E2%80%93Yates_shuffle)

        - [Erastothenes Sieve](./readme.md)   |  [(wiki)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieve_of_Eratosthenes)

        - [Extented GCD algorithm](./readme.md)   |  [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Euclidean_algorithm)

        - [Karatsuba's Multiplication](./readme.md)   |  [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karatsuba_algorithm)

        - [Newton's Squarenewton-sqrt](./readme.md)   |  [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_method)

        - [Permutations Count](./readme.md)

        - [Strassen's matrixstrassen](./readme.md) |  [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strassen_algorithm)

    - Sorting algorithms

        - [Bubble Sort](algorithms/sorting-algorithms/bubble-sort/bubble-sort.go)

          | [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble_sort)

        - [Heap Sort](algorithms/sorting-algorithms/heap-sort/heap-sort.go)

          | [(mit notes)](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-006-introduction-to-algorithms-fall-2011/lecture-videos/MIT6_006F11_lec04.pdf)

          | [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heapsort)

        - [Quick Sort](algorithms/sorting-algorithms/quick_sort/quick_sort.go)

          | [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort)

        - [Merge Sort](algorithms/sorting-algorithms/merge_sort/merge_sort.go)

          | [(mit notes)](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-006-introduction-to-algorithms-fall-2011/lecture-videos/MIT6_006F11_lec03.pdf)

          | [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merge_sort)

        - [Insertion Sort](algorithms/sorting-algorithms/insertion-sort/insertion-sort.go)[(mit notes)](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-006-introduction-to-algorithms-fall-2011/lecture-videos/MIT6_006F11_lec03.pdf)

          | [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_sort)

        - [Shell Sort](algorithms/sorting-algorithms/shell-sort/shell-sort.go)

          | [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellsort)

        - [Selection Sort](algorithms/sorting-algorithms/select_sort/select_sort.go)

          | [(wiki)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_sort)

    - Searching algorithms

        - [Binary Search]() | [wiki](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_search_algorithm)

- **Crypto**

    - **Hashing** [wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function)

      | [MIT](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2015/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS15_lec21.pdf)

        - md5, [wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5) |  [code](./build-in-package/crypto/hashing/md5/md5.go)

        - sha1, [wiki](./build-in-package/crypto/hashing/sha1) |[code](./build-in-package/crypto/hashing/sha1/sha1.go)

        - sha256, [wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function)

          |[code](./build-in-package/crypto/hashing/sha256/sha256.go)

        - sha512, [wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function)

          |[code](./build-in-package/crypto/hashing/sha512/sha512.go)

        - hmac, [wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAC)  |[code](./build-in-package/crypto/hashing/hmac/hmac.go)

        - bcrypt, [wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bcrypt)  |[code](./build-in-package/crypto/hashing/hmac/hmac.go)

    - **Encryption or

      Ciphers** [MIT](https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-046j-design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-spring-2015/lecture-notes/MIT6_046JS15_lec22.pdf)

        - aes, [code](build-in-package/crypto/encrypter_decrypter_cipher/aes/aes.go)

        - cipher, [code](build-in-package/crypto/encrypter_decrypter_cipher/cipher/cipher.go)

        - des, [code](build-in-package/crypto/encrypter_decrypter_cipher)

        - rc4, [code](build-in-package/crypto/encrypter_decrypter_cipher)

        - rsa, [code](build-in-package/crypto/encrypter_decrypter_cipher)

    - **Encoding**

        - base64, [code](./build-in-package/encoding/base64/base64.go)

- **databases**

    - [PostgreSQL](https://github.com/betty200744/ultimate-postgresql-mysql)

    - [MongoDB](https://github.com/betty200744/ultimate-postgresql-mysql)

    - [MySQL](https://github.com/betty200744/ultimate-postgresql-mysql)

    - [redis](https://github.com/betty200744/ultimate-postgresql-mysql)

- **Awesome Go**

    - [bazel_cpp](./awesome-go/bazel/cpp-tutorial)

    - [bazel go](./awesome-go/bazel/go-tutorial)

    - [config](./awesome-go/myconfig/myconfig.go)

    - [beego](./awesome-go/beego/main.go)

    - [go-redis](./awesome-go/go-redis/main.go)

    - [freecache](./awesome-go/freecache/example)

    - [localcache |best practices](./awesome-go/freecache/localcache/localcache.go)

    - [gorm](./awesome-go/gorm/)

    - [iris](./awesome-go/iris)

    - [kafkaSarama](./awesome-go/kafkaSarama)

    - [mapstructure](./awesome-go/mapstructure)

    - [grpc](./awesome-go/grpc-go)

    - [grpc mock](./awesome-go/grpc-go-mock)

    - [zipkin](./awesome-go/zipkin)

    - [websocket](./awesome-go/gorilla-websocket) |[echo](./build-in-package/websocket) | [chat](./awesome-go/gorilla-websocket/chat)

    - [consul](./awesome-go/consul) | [register](./awesome-go/consul/register) |[grpc-resolver](./awesome-go/consul/consul-resolver)

- **Docs**

    - [elasticsearch](https://github.com/betty200744/ultimate-js/blob/master/docs/elasticsearch.md)

    - [kafka](https://github.com/betty200744/ultimate-js/blob/master/docs/kafka.md)

    - [rabbitmq](https://github.com/betty200744/ultimate-js/blob/master/docs/rabbitmq.md)

    - [kubernetes](./kubernetes)

- **Interview**

    - When is `defer` called?

      > It was called according the consuming sequence of stack. That is to say, the first `defer` clause will be invoked as the last.

    - `defer` and `panic` which is run first?

      > First `defer`, then `panic`.

    - Difference between `new()` and `make()`?

      > For `new` function, it returns pointer. It is used when initiate struct. `Make` is mostly used when initiate *slice*, *map* and *channel*.

    - Can `append()` receive pointer as parameter?

      > No.

    - go run order, ![](./img/go_run_order.png)

    - Can global variable declared with **short declaration**?

      > No.

    - Difference between passing value and passing pointer as parameter of function?

      > When passing value, it will create a new copy. For pointer, it will pass the value itself.

    - `str := "hello", str[1] = 'a'` Is the string gonna modified?

      > No. Because the string is a constant.

    - Can we assign nil to `string`?

      > No. But we can assign nil to `*string`

    - If `map` and `range` is executed by sequence?

      > No.

    - If two slice object can be compared with `==`?

      > No.

    - Is there a difference between new() and “regular” allocation?

      > No. &Vector{} ， new(Vector) is the same, 

      > one thing to note: new() is the only way to get a pointer to an unnamed integer or other basic type. 

      > You can write "p := new(int)" but you can't write "p := &int{0}".