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https://github.com/biblenerd/awesome-bible-developer-resources
A curated list of awesome resources for developers (and other nerds) working with biblical texts and related tools
https://github.com/biblenerd/awesome-bible-developer-resources
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A curated list of awesome resources for developers (and other nerds) working with biblical texts and related tools
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/biblenerd/awesome-bible-developer-resources
- Owner: biblenerd
- License: cc0-1.0
- Created: 2022-08-14T23:29:52.000Z (about 2 years ago)
- Default Branch: main
- Last Pushed: 2022-08-30T17:52:04.000Z (about 2 years ago)
- Last Synced: 2024-05-20T23:23:22.102Z (4 months ago)
- Size: 241 KB
- Stars: 12
- Watchers: 2
- Forks: 3
- Open Issues: 1
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Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
- Contributing: CONTRIBUTING.md
- License: LICENSE
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README
# Awesome Bible Developer Resources
 [](http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) [](https://makeapullrequest.com)
A curated list of awesome resources for developers (and other nerds) working with biblical texts and related tools.
For **non-specialist enthusiasts** (like myself), it can be challenging to get started and understand what types of formats and datasets are available. This awesome list will (hopefully) assist folks in *getting started* and identifying helpful biblical resources.
For **specialists**, sometimes it can be hard to find links to relevant resources and associated tools and documentation (not least because so many links become dead over time)—this can help find available resource information and serve as a reference for onboarding colleagues to projects working with biblical corpora.
| :memo: :copyright: :registered: :tm: | I've attempted to include badges for licenses for resources where known. When no badge is shown, assume the resource is copyright © its respective author(s). The underlying corpora within resources may have separate licensing terms. |
|---------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
## Contents
- [Formats](#Formats)
- [Comparisons](#comparisons)
- [Conversion Tools](#conversion-tools)
- [CES](#ces)
- [OSIS](#osis)
- [PAULA](#paula)
- [TEI](#tei)
- [Text-Fabric](#text-fabric)
- [USFM](#usfm)
- [USFX](#usfx)
- [USX](#usx)
- [Zefania](#zefania)
- [Biblical Corpora](#biblical-corpora)
- [Coptic](#coptic)
- [Hebrew](#hebrew)
- [Greek](#greek)
- [LXX](#lxx)
- [New Testament](#new-testament)
- [English Translations](#english-translations)
- [APIs](#apis)
- [Lexical Resources](#lexical-resources)
- [Hebrew Lexica](#hebrew-lexica)
- [Greek Lexica](#greek-lexica)
- [Other Awesome Lists](#other-awesome-lists)
## Formats
*Formats / encodings used specifically for storing biblical texts and/or associated metadata (e.g., commentary, footnotes, annotations, tags, references, etc.).*
### Comparisons
Which format(s) should you use for your next project?
*It depends* on your goals and requirements. Here is some (hopefully) helpful information as you deliberate:
- Many formats predate Unicode standards and so may require specific fonts to render primary source languages. Modern formats should be Unicode-compliant.
- Most biblical texts / translations used in the Bible translation field are distributed in [USFM](#usfm) and [USX](#usx) formats ([USFM](#usfm) is one of the oldest SFM formats used to digitally store biblical translations).
- Many biblical primary source texts made available from academic centers/projects use [USFM](#usfm), [TEI](#tei), [Text-Fabric](#text-fabric), or plaintext formats.
- Some formats are only intended for biblical texts, whereas others can store texts themselves along with additional metadata, and others still are only for metadata, linguistic tagging, other annotations, etc. Be sure to review documentation for what each format supports.
- Article: [Bible File Encoding for Bible Translators, Publishers, and Software Developers](https://ebible.org/usfx/Bible-encoding.htm) by Kahunapule Michael Johnson
### Conversion Tools
- [Converting SFM Bibles to OSIS](https://wiki.crosswire.org/Converting_SFM_Bibles_to_OSIS) — Wiki page discussing the conversion of [USFM](#usfm) to [OSIS](#osis) format.
- [usfm2osis](https://github.com/chrislit/usfm2osis) [](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0) — Python scripts for converting USFM to OSIS XML.
- [u2o](https://github.com/adyeths/u2o) [](http://unlicense.org/) — Another Python USFM to OSIS bible format converter.
- [SWORD Module Tools](https://github.com/refdoc/Module-tools) — Converts USFM to SWORD module and also has tools to take regular [OSIS](#osis) Bibles and convert them into SWORD modules, along with some other OSIS-related conversions.
- [Haiola](https://haiola.org) — Accepts [USFM](#usfm), [USFX](#usfx), and [DBL](https://thedigitalbiblelibrary.org) [USX](#usx) file(s) input and outputs to a variety of user-friendly formats including (but not limited to) HTML, EPUB3, [SWORD Project](https://crosswire.org/sword/index.jsp) modules, Microsoft Word XML, and PDF.
- [Haiola GitHub Repository](https://github.com/kahunapule/haiola) — Haiola GitHub repo.
- [ptx2pdf](https://github.com/sillsdev/ptx2pdf) — XeTeX-based macro package for typesetting [USFM](#usfm)-formatted (Paratext output) scripture files and outputting as a PDF.
- [SWORD to JSON Converter](https://github.com/wasdin/SWORD-to-JSON) [](https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-2-Clause) — Tool to convert SWORD modules to JSON.
- [USFM to Other Formats](https://github.com/bibledit/converters) — Java utility to convert from USFM to other formats.
### CES
The Corpus Encoding Standard (CES) is in a SGML format ([ISO 8879:1986](https://www.iso.org/standard/16387.html)) that is/was [TEI-conformant](#tei) and which is also available in XML format (XCES). CES is hosted by the Vassar College Department of Computer Science.
- [CES Documentation](https://www.cs.vassar.edu/CES/) — Main CES docs.
- [XML CES (XCES) Schema Documenation](https://www.cs.vassar.edu/XCES/schema/) — Main docs for XCES schema.
### OSIS
Open Scripture Information Standard (OSIS) XML format by CrossWire Bible Society. Used in [SWORD Project](https://crosswire.org/sword/index.jsp) (along with [TEI](#tei)). OSIS is closely related to [TEI](#tei) but not necessarily conformant (it is more so a [customization](https://www.ibiblio.org/bgreek/forum/viewtopic.php?p=37997#p37997) of [TEI](#tei)).
- [CrossWire Bible Society OSIS page](https://crosswire.org/osis/) — Contains schema, manual, documentation, and tutorial.
- [OSIS Tutorial](https://wiki.crosswire.org/OSIS_Tutorial) — Walks through creation of a basic OSIS XML document.
- [eBible.org OSIS page](https://ebible.org/osis/) — Documentation of older version (2.1) of OSIS along with XSEM (precursor to OSIS) and OXES (closely-related format).
- [SIL XML Scripture Encoding Model (XSEM)](https://scripts.sil.org/XSEM)  — Docs for XML format that was a precursor to OSIS.
- [Open XML for Editing Scripture (OXES)](https://ebible.org/osis/oxes-documentation-2.0.3.pdf)  — Docs for OXES XML format which was closely related to OSIS.
### PAULA
The Potsdamer Austauschformat Linguistischer Annotationen / Potsdam Interchange Format for Linguistic Annotations (PAULA) by the Collaborative Research Center (Sonderforschungsbereich / SFB 632) Information Structure: The Linguistic Means of Structuring Utterances, Sentences and Texts, funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) is an XML interchange format for linguistic annotations. A distinction of this format is that each layer of linguistic annotation, such as part-of-speech annotations, lemmatizations, syntax trees, coreference annotation etc. are stored in separate XML files which refer to the same raw data.
- [Main Website](http://www.sfb632.uni-potsdam.de/paula.html) — Main website that includes references and links to current documentation.
- [ANNIS](http://amir-zeldes.github.io/index.html) — ANNIS is an open source, cross platform, web browser-based search and visualization architecture for complex multilayer linguistic corpora with diverse types of annotation. ANNIS provides the means for visualizing and retrieving PAULA data (and ANNIS is technically its own distinct format as well and can work with other formats).
### TEI
The Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) is a consortium which collectively develops and maintains guidelines for the representation of texts in digital form. The TEI guidelines are used by several notable content-based projects including:
- [British National Corpus](http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk)
- [Perseus Project](http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/)
- [Oxford Text Archive](http://ota.ox.ac.uk/)
List of TEI resources:
- [Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) main page](https://tei-c.org) — Main website for TEI.
- [TEI Guidelines GitHub Repository](https://github.com/TEIC/TEI) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) *and* [](https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-2-Clause) — GitHub repo for TEI guidelines.
- [TEI XSL Stylesheets GitHub Repository](https://github.com/TEIC/Stylesheets) — GitHub repo with XSLT stylesheets to transform TEI XML documents to various formats, including XHTML, LaTeX, XSL Formatting Objects, ePub, plaintext, RDF, JSON; and to/from Word OOXML (docx) and OpenOfice (odt).
- [TEI by Example](https://teibyexample.org) — Free tutorials for learning TEI XML.
### Text-Fabric
Text-Fabric is a format and accompanying Python library / API for working with ancient texts and associated linguistic annotations as annotated graphs. It can accept corpora in a variety of formats and convert these to TF format.
- [Main GitHub repository](https://github.com/annotation/text-fabric) — Main repository for file format and API.
- [`tf` package documentation](https://annotation.github.io/text-fabric/tf/index.html) — Docs for `tf` Python package.
### USFM
Unified Standard Format Markers (USFM) was developed within [Paratext](https://paratext.org/) for Bible translations.
- [Paratext USFM page](https://paratext.org/usfm/) — Main Paratext web page for USFM with a brief history of the format and links to its documentation and Paratext stylesheets.
- [USFM GitHub Repository](https://github.com/ubsicap/usfm) — Main USFM GitHub repo.
- [USFM Documentation](http://ubsicap.github.io/usfm/) — USFM docs.
- [USFM Tools](https://github.com/openenglishbible/USFM-Tools) [](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) — Python tools for parsing and rendering USFM files.
- [Paratext Software](https://paratext.org) — A freely-available professional Bible translation software program with a graphical user interface (GUI) for working with USFM-formatted Bible texts (can also work with [USX](#usx)).
- [Bibledit Software](https://bibledit.org) [](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0) — A freely-available professional Bible translation software program with a graphical user interface (GUI) for working with USFM-formatted Bible texts.
### USFX
Unified Scripture Format XML (USFX) is an XML format that was derived from [USFM](#usfm).
[](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/lgpl-2.1.html) *or* [](https://www.eclipse.org/legal/cpl-v05.html) (see [LICENSING.txt](https://ebible.org/usfx/LICENSING.txt)).
- [USFX eBible.org main page](https://ebible.org/usfx/) — Main USFX page describing what it is, links to its schema and documentation, and how it differs from [USFM](#usfm), [USX](#usx), and [OSIS](#osis).
- [USFX Schema Documentation](https://ebible.org/usfx/usfx.htm) — USFX schema docs.
### USX
Unified Scripture XML (USX) is an XML format that is closely related to [USFM](#usfm). Used by [Paratext](https://paratext.org/) and the [DBL](https://thedigitalbiblelibrary.org).
- [USX GitHub Repository](https://github.com/ubsicap/usx) — Main USX GitHub repo.
- [USX Documentation](https://ubsicap.github.io/usx/) — USX docs.
- [Paratext USX page](https://markups.paratext.org/usx/) — Main Paratext web page for USX with links to its documentation.
- [Digital Bible Library (DBL)](https://thedigitalbiblelibrary.org) — United Bible Societies (UBS) online digital asset and licensing management platform. DBL gathers, validates, and safeguards a large collection of quality, standardized, digital Scripture texts and publication assets in hundreds of languages that are predominantly in USX format.
- [DBL USX Documentation](https://app.thedigitalbiblelibrary.org/static/docs/usx/index.html) — DBL docs for USX format.
### Zefania
Simplistic XML format for Bible translations. [](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0)
- [Zefania Bible Modules SourceForge Repository](https://sourceforge.net/projects/zefania-sharp/) — SourceForge repo of Zefania Bible translations in a variety of languages.
- [Zefania XML Bibles](https://github.com/kohelet-net-admin/zefania-xml-bibles) — Clone of [Zefania Bible Modules SourceForge Repository](https://sourceforge.net/projects/zefania-sharp/) with data in XML format (not inside zip files) and schema information.
- [Zefania XML Bible Markup Language Preservation](https://github.com/biblenerd/Zefania-XML-Preservation) [](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0) — A GitHub repository created by the maintainer of this list to store data and information related to Zefania XML for preservation purposes (because a lot of the links associated with Zefania XML are now dead).
- [(Archived) Zefania XML Schema Documentation](https://web.archive.org/web/20180730154206/http://bgfdb.de/zefaniaxml/bml/) — Most links are now dead. This is an archived version from archive.org.
- [Bible CLI](https://github.com/strongs-de/bible-cli) — CLI tool written in Rust to read, search, and export bible data stored in Zefania XML format, including export to JSON and serving a Bible REST API.
- [Zefania Bible Reader](https://github.com/NothinRandom/Zefania-Bible) — Zefania Bible is a XML file reader program that reads XML files entering them into database, and then displaying it on a site. Accompanying website no longer appears available. [There is another online reader for German translations](http://www.mathertel.de/AJAXEngine/S03_AJAXControls/BiblePage.aspx#version=luther1912&book=1&chapter=1&vers=1) also.
## Biblical Corpora
*Biblical corpora (i.e., bible translations and primary source texts) and related resources available for **download and offline use** in various formats.*
### Coptic
- [Coptic SCRIPTORIUM](https://data.copticscriptorium.org) — Coptic texts for reading, analysis, and complex searches. Provides links to corpora in ANNIS search tool, as well as data files in [TEI](#tei) XML, [PAULA](#paula) XML, and [ANNIS](#paula) formats. Includes [Old Testament](https://data.copticscriptorium.org/texts/old-testament/) and [New Testament](https://data.copticscriptorium.org/texts/new-testament/).
### Hebrew
- [ETCBC Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia Amstelodamensis (BHSa)](https://etcbc.github.io/bhsa/) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) — A Hebrew Bible Database and [Text-Fabric](#text-fabric) version of the database, containing the BHS text of the Hebrew Bible augmented with linguistic annotations compiled by the [Eep Talstra Centre for Bible and Computer (ETCBC), VU University Amsterdam](http://etcbc.nl). Available in [source repo](https://github.com/ETCBC/bhsa). The ETCBC has also shared a number of other great biblical and extrabiblical texts such as the [Peshitta](https://github.com/ETCBC/peshitta) (Syriac OT) along with the [Syriac NT](https://github.com/ETCBC/syrnt) and the [Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS)](https://github.com/ETCBC/dss).
- [SHEBANQ](https://shebanq.ancient-data.org) — System for HEBrew Text: ANnotations for Queries and markup (SHEBANQ) online environment for studying the Hebrew Bible. Queries the BHSa database. Associated [GitHub repo](https://github.com/ETCBC/shebanq) and [documentation](https://github.com/ETCBC/shebanq/wiki).
- [MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) — Syntax trees, morphology, and linguistic annotations for the Hebrew Bible based on the Westminster Leningrad Codex.
- [Open Bibles Hebrew Leningrad Codex](https://github.com/seven1m/open-bibles) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) *or*  — GitHub repository of public domain and freely (libre) licensed Bibles in XML formats (including [USFX](#usfx), [OSIS](#osis), and [Zefania](#zefania)). Hebrew Leningrad Codex available in [USFX](#usfx) format.
- [Open Hebrew Bible](https://github.com/eliranwong/OpenHebrewBible) — This project aligned Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (BHS) with the Westminster Leningrad Codex (WLC); bridging ETCBC, OpenScriptures, and Berean data for the Hebrew Bible.
- [Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (OSHB)](https://hb.openscriptures.org) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) — An open-licensed Hebrew Bible based on the [Westminster Leningrad Codex](http://www.tanach.us/Tanach.xml). Available in [OSIS](#osis) format in [source repo](https://github.com/openscriptures/morphhb).
- [OSIS Bibles](https://github.com/gratis-bible/bible) — A collection of freely licensed translations of biblical text in [OSIS format](#osis). Licensing varies per corpus. [Available Hebrew Bibles](https://github.com/gratis-bible/bible/tree/master/he) include Aleppo Codex, Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (BHS), Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (OSHB) tagged with Strong's numbers, and Westminster Leningrad Codex (WLC).
- [Sefaria](https://github.com/Sefaria/Sefaria-Export) — Structured Jewish texts (including Tanakh) and metadata with free public licenses, exported from Sefaria's database. Multiple formats including JSON, plaintext, and XML.
- [STEPBible Data](https://github.com/STEPBible/STEPBible-Data) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) — Numerous open-licensed datasets containing tagged Hebrew and Greek biblical texts saved as tab-separated value (TSV) files.
- [SWORD Project](https://crosswire.org/sword/index.jsp)  — CrossWire Bible Society's free Bible software project. Many [modules containing Bible texts](https://crosswire.org/sword/modules/ModDisp.jsp?modType=Bibles) (and [other resources](https://crosswire.org/sword/modules/index.jsp)) are available. Numerous [Hebrew Bible texts](https://crosswire.org/sword/modules/ModDisp.jsp?modType=Bibles#lang_he) available.
- [unfoldingWord® Hebrew Bible (UHB)](https://www.unfoldingword.org/for-translators/content#UHB) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) — An open-licensed, lexically tagged, morphologically parsed Hebrew Old Testament. Based on the [Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible](https://hb.openscriptures.org). Available in [USFM](#usfm) format in [source repo](https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/hbo_uhb/src/branch/master). Lots of [additional great resources for Bible translators](https://www.unfoldingword.org/for-translators/content) including comprehensive [translation notes](https://www.unfoldingword.org/for-translators/content#UTN), lexical resources, etc.
- [Unicode/XML Leningrad Codex (UXLC)](http://tanach.us)  — This Hebrew Bible (Tanach) has been derived from the Westminster Leningrad Codex (WLC) provided by the [Groves Center](http://www.grovescenter.org/) and updated by suggestions from viewers through a formal and automated process. The text is maintained in Unicode character coding with XML markup and is [available in many standard formats](https://tanach.us/Pages/About.html), including XML format with [TEI](#tei) header, plaintext, HTML, and other formats. There are a lot of neat ways to visualize the text in the web tool, but notably you can color-code the various authors/sources per the [Documentary Hypothesis](https://tanach.us/Pages/DH.html) following the source attributions presented in Richard Elliott Friedman's *Who Wrote the Bible? (2nd ed.)* and *The Bible with Sources Revealed (BSR)* books. (DH menu in the web browser).
### Greek
#### LXX
- [Codex Alexandrinus](https://github.com/sleeptillseven/LXX.Alex) :construction: [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) — *Partially-completed* LXX Greek text according to Codex Alexandrinus. Based on text provided and digitalized by [First1KGreek Project](https://opengreekandlatin.github.io/First1KGreek/).
- [Codex Sinaiticus](https://codexsinaiticus.org/en/) — Online availability of manuscript of this important fourth century Christian Bible (includes LXX and complete NT). Includes an [online manuscript transcription](https://codexsinaiticus.org/en/manuscript.aspx) and [XML version](https://codexsinaiticus.org/en/project/transcription_download.aspx) of the manuscript text (and [documentation about the transcription](https://codexsinaiticus.org/en/project/transcription.aspx)).
- [Computer Assisted Tools for Septuagint Studies (CATSS)](http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/rak//catss.html) — Main page for CATSS with links to project's history, modules, bibliography, and related links. By [The International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies (IOSCS)](http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/ioscs/) at University of Pennsylvania. The [CATSS Biblical Texts](http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/gopher/text/religion/biblical/) are available in the CCAT Gopher text archives.
- [Morphological Analysis of the LXX](http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/gopher/text/religion/biblical/lxxmorph/). There is also [a third-party tool](https://github.com/orenfromberg/lxxproject) that uses this data to generate a SQLite database with book, verse, and word number attributes as well as root and morphological data.
- [LXX Greek Textual Variants](http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/gopher/text/religion/biblical/lxxvar/) (and [format explanation](http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/gopher/text/religion/biblical/lxxvar/0-Explan.htm)).
- [Parallel Hebrew // Greek Text Module](http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/gopher/text/religion/biblical/parallel/).
- [CCAT Parse](https://github.com/jcuenod/ccat-parse) — Third-party tool to interpret CCAT morphology codes.
- [Greek Learner Texts Project](https://greek-learner-texts.org) — A collaborative effort to produce openly-licensed, annotated texts in Ancient Greek for extensive reading. Has a section for [Biblical and Early Christian Texts](https://greek-learner-texts.org/texts/#biblical-and-early-christian-texts).
- [Perseus Digital Library](http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/) — Online digital library which covers, among other things, the history, literature and culture of the Greco-Roman world (including Greek LXX and NT). Extensive datasets, [an online viewer specifically made for pre-modern texts](https://scaife.perseus.org), and available for [download in XML format](http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/opensource/download). See also [accompanying GitHub repo for Greek texts](https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit). The [Open Greek & Latin international collaboration](https://opengreekandlatin.org) has several other notable repos and projects, including [First1KGreek](https://opengreekandlatin.github.io/First1KGreek/).
- [Rahlfs' Septuagint](https://github.com/eliranwong/LXX-Rahlfs-1935) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) — 1935 edition of Rahlfs' Septuagint with Unicode characters, morphology tagging, and a variety of other integrated datasets. Based on CATSS LXX (and base text is subject to applicable copyright restrictions).
- [Swete LXX Text](https://github.com/sleeptillseven/LXX-Swete/) :construction: [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) — *Partially-completed* Swete's LXX text from [First1KGreek Project](https://opengreekandlatin.github.io/First1KGreek/) with corrections against manuscripts.
- [Open Greek and Latin GitHub Repository](https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/septuagint-dev) — GitHub repo for machine-corrected version of Swetes Septuagint.
- [Improved version (tlg0527)](https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/First1KGreek/tree/master/data/tlg0527) — Same machine-corrected version of Swete's Septuagint from Open Greek and Latin First1K Project but with additional improvements / corrections.
- [SWORD Project](https://crosswire.org/sword/index.jsp)  — CrossWire Bible Society's free Bible software project. Many [modules containing Bible texts](https://crosswire.org/sword/modules/ModDisp.jsp?modType=Bibles) (and [other resources](https://crosswire.org/sword/modules/index.jsp)) are available. Numerous [Greek Bible texts](https://crosswire.org/sword/modules/ModDisp.jsp?modType=Bibles#lang_grc) available.
#### New Testament
- [Berean Greek Bible](https://greekbible.org) — Critical Greek New Testament that used Nestle 1904 as its [base text](https://sites.google.com/site/nestle1904/downloads). Requires [licensing approval](https://berean.bible/licensing.htm). Numerous [available formats and related resources](https://berean.bible/downloads.htm), including [USFM](#usfm), spreadsheets, PDFs, plaintext, and other document and e-reader formats.
- [Bunning Heuristic Prototype (BHP) Greek NT](https://greekcntr.org/resources/index.htm) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) — The BHP GNT was created by Alan Bunning for the [Center for New Testament Restoration (CNTR)](https://greekcntr.org/home/index.htm) as a preliminary template computer-generated text. [Documentation](https://greekcntr.org/resources/BHP_Introduction.pdf). The data are available on [the CNTR website](https://greekcntr.org/resources/BHP_Data.txt) and in [a GitHub repo](https://github.com/greekcntr/BHP).
- [Codex Sinaiticus](https://codexsinaiticus.org/en/) — Online availability of manuscript of this important fourth century Christian Bible (includes LXX and complete NT and represents the earliest complete NT in an extant manuscript). Includes an [online manuscript transcription](https://codexsinaiticus.org/en/manuscript.aspx) and [XML version](https://codexsinaiticus.org/en/project/transcription_download.aspx) of the manuscript text (and [documentation about the transcription](https://codexsinaiticus.org/en/project/transcription.aspx)).
- [Nestle 1904 Greek NT](https://github.com/biblicalhumanities/Nestle1904/) — Eberhard Nestle's 1904 GNT with various formats including morphology, lemmatization, Strong's numbers, XML markup (appears to be [OSIS](#osis) format), and glosses. [Base text](https://sites.google.com/site/nestle1904/downloads).
- [Open Greek New Testament (OGNT)](https://opengnt.com) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) — The OGNT is a Nestle-Aland 28th edition (NA28) / NA27 equivalent text with numerous associated resources in the [GitHub repo](https://github.com/eliranwong/OpenGNT).
- [Perseus Digital Library](http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/) — Online digital library which covers, among other things, the history, literature and culture of the Greco-Roman world (including Greek LXX and NT). Extensive datasets, [an online viewer specifically made for pre-modern texts](https://scaife.perseus.org), and available for [download in XML format](http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/opensource/download). See also [accompanying GitHub repo for Greek texts](https://github.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit). The [Open Greek & Latin international collaboration](https://opengreekandlatin.org) has several other notable repos and projects, including [First1KGreek](https://opengreekandlatin.github.io/First1KGreek/).
- [Robinson's Greek Texts](https://byzantinetext.com)  — Dr. Maurice A. Robinson's Greek texts (most with morphological parsing and Strong's numbers). Robinson uses his own format for text storage with custom parsing codes and tense-voice-mood numbers. [Documentation of this format is available](https://github.com/byztxt/robinson-documentation) along with [a library of Python tools for working with the format](https://github.com/byztxt/librobinson). Some of the notable Greek texts are listed in the below sublistings.
- **Byzantine Texts**
- [Antoniades Patriarchal Greek NT (PATr)](https://byzantinetext.com/study/editions/antoniades/) — The 1904 text authorized by the Eucumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople for Eastern Orthodox churches with the 1912 corrections by Professor Vasileios Antoniades of the Theological School of Chalki. [GitHub repo](https://github.com/byztxt/greektext-antoniades) contains plaintext and parsed versions with morphological parsing tags and Strong's numbers.
- [Elzevir Greek NT](https://byzantinetext.com/study/editions/elzevir/) — 1624 Elzevir Textus Receptus GNT edition. [GitHub repo](https://github.com/byztxt/greektext-elzevir) contains plaintext and parsed versions with morphological parsing tags and Strong's numbers.
- [Robinson-Pierpont Byzantine Majority Greek NT](https://byzantinetext.com/study/editions/robinson-pierpont/) — Robinson-Pierpont edition of the Greek New Testament in the Original Greek, Byzantine Majority Text. [GitHub repo](https://github.com/byztxt/byzantine-majority-text) and [ByzantineText.com](https://byzantinetext.com/study/editions/robinson-pierpont/) contain various formats including with morphological parsing and Strong's numbers, collations with other texts, and PDFs.
- [Scrivener Greek NT](https://byzantinetext.com/study/editions/scrivener/) — Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener's 1894 edition of the Textus Receptus GNT in a few formats. [GitHub repo](https://github.com/byztxt/greektext-scrivener) contains the text.
- [Stephanus Greek NT](https://byzantinetext.com/study/editions/stephanus/) — Stephanus 1550 edition of the Textus Receptus GNT published by Robert Estienne in a few formats. [GitHub repo](https://github.com/byztxt/greektext-stephens) contains the text.
- [Textus Receptus Greek NT](https://github.com/byztxt/greektext-textus-receptus) — Dr. Maurice A. Robinson's Textus Receptus Greek NT with morphological parsing tags and Strong's numbers.
- **Alexandrian Texts**
- [Westcott-Hort Greek NT](https://byzantinetext.com/study/editions/westcott-hort/) — Westcott and Hort's 1881 GNT. [GitHub repo](https://github.com/byztxt/greektext-westcott-hort) contains plaintext and parsed versions with morphological parsing tags and Strong's numbers.
- [Society of Biblical Literature (SBL) Greek NT (SBLGNT)](https://sblgnt.com) — A freely-available (but [copyrighted](https://www.sblgnt.com/license/) ([and strictly enforced](https://www.baylyblog.com/blog/2009/03/copyrighting-holy-spirits-words-then-living-profit)) with *downstream impact*) critically edited Greek New Testament encoded in a Unicode-compliant font. Made available by [Logos Bible Software](https://www.logos.com/product/8486/the-greek-new-testament-sbl-edition) and the SBL in [a variety of formats](https://sblgnt.com/download/) including XML, [OSIS](#osis), [SWORD module](https://www.crosswire.org/sword/modules/ModInfo.jsp?modName=SBLGNT), plaintext, PDF, and more.
- [MorphGNT SBLGNT](https://github.com/morphgnt/sblgnt) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/) — Project to merge the MorphGNT morphological tagging analysis with the SBLGNT text. The text itself is subject to the [SBLGNT EULA](https://www.sblgnt.com/license/).
- [STEPBible Data](https://github.com/STEPBible/STEPBible-Data) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) — Numerous open-licensed datasets containing tagged Hebrew and Greek biblical texts saved as tab-separated value (TSV) files.
- [SWORD Project](https://crosswire.org/sword/index.jsp)  — CrossWire Bible Society's free Bible software project. Many [modules containing Bible texts](https://crosswire.org/sword/modules/ModDisp.jsp?modType=Bibles) (and [other resources](https://crosswire.org/sword/modules/index.jsp)) are available. Numerous [Greek Bible texts](https://crosswire.org/sword/modules/ModDisp.jsp?modType=Bibles#lang_grc) available.
- [Tischendorf 8th ed. Greek NT](https://github.com/morphgnt/tischendorf-data/) — Tischendorf's 8th Editio Octavia Critica Maior with morphology, Strong's numbers, and lemmatization. Available with one word per line (with associated metadata) or in [OSIS](#osis) format.
- [unfoldingWord® Greek New Testament (UGNT)](https://www.unfoldingword.org/for-translators/content#UGNT) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) — An open-licensed, lexically tagged, morphologically parsed critical Greek New Testament with full apparatus. Based on the [Bunning Heuristic Prototype (BHP)](https://github.com/greekcntr/BHP) Greek NT. Available in [USFM](#usfm) format in [source repo](https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/el-x-koine_ugnt/src/branch/master). Lots of [additional great resources for Bible translators](https://www.unfoldingword.org/for-translators/content) including comprehensive [translation notes](https://www.unfoldingword.org/for-translators/content#UTN), lexical resources, etc.
- [Westcott and Hort Greek NT (ScrollTag)](http://scrolltag.com/westcott_and_hort.html) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/) — Westcott and Hort Greek New Testament with accents, punctuation, morphology and lemmas.
### English Translations
- [American Standard Version (ASV) Bible](https://github.com/openbibleinfo/American-Standard-Version-Bible)  — Full text, footnotes, and formatting of the ASV Bible (1901) in [USX](#usx) format.
- [Multilingual Parallel Bible Corpus](https://github.com/christos-c/bible-corpus) [](http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) — A multilingual parallel corpus (aligned by verse) created from over 100 translations of the Bible intended for linguistic research and natural language processing (NLP) applications (e.g., statistical machine translation (SMT) training data, linguistic structure projected learning, etc.). There is also [a repo with associated tools](https://github.com/christos-c/bible-corpus-tools).
- [New English Translation of the Septuagint (NETS)](https://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/nets/) — Translation of LXX under Computer Assisted Tools for Septuagint Studies (CATSS) Project. Distributed as [PDF files](https://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/nets/edition/) and also available in print.
- [Open Bibles](https://github.com/seven1m/open-bibles) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) *or*  — GitHub repository of public domain and freely (libre) licensed Bibles in XML formats (including [USFX](#usfx), [OSIS](#osis), and [Zefania](#zefania)). Available English translations include KJV, BBE, OEB, and WEB. Also contains Hebrew Leningrad Codex, Clementine Latin Vulgate, and translations in other languages.
- [Open English Bible](https://openenglishbible.org) [](http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) — A public domain revision of [the Twentieth Century New Testament](https://github.com/openenglishbible/usfm-bibles/tree/master/Twentieth%20Century%20New%20Testament), which was a translation of the New Testament published in the early twentieth century based on the Greek text of Westcott and Hort. Available in [USFM](#usfm) and user-friendly format; has associated [GitHub repo](https://github.com/openenglishbible/Open-English-Bible).
- [OSIS Bibles](https://github.com/gratis-bible/bible) — A collection of freely licensed translations of biblical text in [OSIS format](#osis). Licensing varies per corpus.
- [SWORD Project](https://crosswire.org/sword/index.jsp)  — CrossWire Bible Society's free Bible software project. Many [modules containing Bible texts](https://crosswire.org/sword/modules/ModDisp.jsp?modType=Bibles) (and [other resources](https://crosswire.org/sword/modules/index.jsp)) are available.
- [pysword library](https://gitlab.com/tgc-dk/pysword) [](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) — A third-party native Python reader package for SWORD Project Bible modules. [Documentation](https://tgc-dk.gitlab.io/pysword/) available.
- [The 2001 Translation](https://2001translation.org)  — A free collaborative Bible translation continually corrected and refined by volunteers. Translates OT from the LXX and NT from Greek and Aramaic texts. There are a number of distinctives this translation follows that differ significantly from mainstream English Bible translation conventions. [Downloads available](https://2001translation.org/download) in HTML, ePub, Kindle/MOBI, and Microsoft Word document formats.
- [unfoldingWord® Literal Text (ULT)](https://www.unfoldingword.org/for-translators/content#ULT) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) — An open-licensed update of the ASV, intended to provide a ‘form-centric’ understanding of the Bible. It increases the translator’s understanding of the lexical and grammatical composition of the underlying text by adhering closely to the word order and structure of the originals. Available in [USFM](#usfm) format in [source repo](https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult/src/branch/master).
- [unfoldingWord® Simplified Text (UST)](https://www.unfoldingword.org/for-translators/content#UST) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) — An open-licensed translation, intended to provide a ‘functional’ understanding of the Bible. It increases the translator’s understanding of the text by translating theological terms as descriptive phrases. Available in [USFM](#usfm) format in [source repo](https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult/src/branch/master).
- [World English Bible (WEB)](https://worldenglish.bible)  — WEB is a modern English translation that is based on the American Standard Version (ASV) of the Holy Bible first published in 1901, the Biblia Hebraica Stutgartensa (BHS) Old Testament, and the Greek Majority Text New Testament. The companion Deuterocanon/Apocrypha is derived from the Revised Version Apocrypha and the Brenton translation of the Septuagint into English. It is in draft form and is currently being edited for accuracy and readability (although the Protestant Christian canon is essentially complete). Available in numerous formats including [USFX](#usfx), [USFM](#usfm), SWORD modules, Microsoft Word XML, HTML, plaintext, PDF, e-reader formats, XeTeX, and more.
## APIs
*Biblical corpora (i.e., bible translations and primary source texts) and related resources available for **online** use via application programming interfaces (APIs).*
- [API.Bible](https://scripture.api.bible) — American Bible Society (ABS) API with approximately 2500 Bible versions available across over 1600 languages. Free for non-commercial usage with limitations.
- [bible-api.com](https://bible-api.com) — Freely-available JSON API to obtain Bible text with [open-sourced app](https://github.com/seven1m/bible_api) and [Bible texts](https://github.com/seven1m/open-bibles). No API key required.
- [Biblia.com API](https://bibliaapi.com/docs/) — Faithlife / Logos Bible Software API for Bible text (multiple editions available).
- [Bible Brain API](https://www.faithcomesbyhearing.com/audio-bible-resources/bible-brain) — Faith Comes By Hearing® API providing Bible text, audio, and video.
- [ESV API](https://api.esv.org) — English Standard Version (ESV) Bible API. Free for non-commercial usage with limitations.
- [getBible API v2](https://github.com/getbible/v2) [](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0) — getBible API V2. No API key required. You can [programatically obtain the list of available translations](https://getbible.net/v2/translations.json), which are also [available for download on GitHub](https://github.com/getbible/v2).
- [jsonBible API](https://jsonbible.com) — Freely-available Bible text API. No API key required.
- [NET API](https://labs.bible.org/api_web_service) — New English Translation (NET) Bible API. Does not appear to require an API key. [NETBibleTagger tool](https://labs.bible.org/NETBibleTagger/) also available to enable Bible reference tagging for a website (converts plaintext Bible references into hyperlinks with [customizable styles](https://labs.bible.org/NETBibleTagger/configure)).
- [NLT API](https://api.nlt.to) — New Living Translation (NLT) Bible API. Free for non-commercial usage with limitations. Anonymous limited use also available (without an API key).
## Lexical Resources
*Lexica, dictionaries, and related resources for helping understand words in primary-source Bible texts in the English language.*
### Hebrew Lexica
- [Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (OSHB) Hebrew Lexicon](https://github.com/openscriptures/HebrewLexicon) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) — Modular Hebrew lexicon and related resources in XML format (used in association with [OSIS](#osis) [OSHB text](https://hb.openscriptures.org)) which includes Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) Hebrew-English lexicon (1906), Strong's Hebrew dictionary, and a lexical index aligning identifiers for BDB, Strong's, and the Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament (TWOT).
- [SHEBANQ](https://shebanq.ancient-data.org) — System for HEBrew Text: ANnotations for Queries and markup (SHEBANQ) online environment for studying the Hebrew Bible. Queries the BHSa database. Associated [GitHub repo](https://github.com/ETCBC/shebanq) and [documentation](https://github.com/ETCBC/shebanq/wiki).
- [Strong's Dictionaries of Hebrew and Greek](https://github.com/openscriptures/strongs)  — XML versions of James Strong's (1890) Dictionaries of Hebrew and Greek.
- [Unabridged Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) Hebrew and English Lexicon](https://github.com/eliranwong/unabridged-BDB-Hebrew-lexicon)  — JSON and CSV formats of BDB Hebrew-English Lexicon formatted by Eliran Wong for use in [Marvel.bible](https://marvel.bible).
- [BDB Hebrew-English Lexicon (Enhanced)](https://github.com/unfoldingWord/Brown-Driver-Briggs-Enhanced) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) — Enhanced Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) Hebrew-English Lexicon (1906) data sets (HTML and CSV) that explicitly mark the boundaries of different senses and stems, encoding implicit typographical information (such as bold and italics) into the pragmatic categories they represent (such as primary and secondary glosses) with additional information. Based on [Unabridged BDB Hebrew Lexicon](https://github.com/eliranwong/unabridged-BDB-Hebrew-lexicon).
### Greek Lexica
- [Abbot-Smith *Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament* (1922)](https://github.com/translatable-exegetical-tools/Abbott-Smith)  — [TEI](#tei) XML [Dictionary format](https://tei-c.org/release/doc/tei-p5-doc/en/html/DI.html) markup of G. Abbott-Smith's *A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament* (New York: Scribner's, 1922). Per [biblicalhumanities.org](http://biblicalhumanities.org/dashboard/#lexicons), this is "Probably the best quality lexicon in the public domain."
- [Dodson Greek-English Lexicon](https://github.com/biblicalhumanities/Dodson-Greek-Lexicon)  — John Jeffrey Dodson's Greek lexicon compiled from other public domain Greek lexica including Abbott-Smith (1922), Berry (1897), Souter (1917), and Strong (1890). Available in CSV and [TEI](#tei) XML formats. Also [available as a SWORD module](http://www.biblesupport.com/e-sword-downloads/file/10038-dodson-greek-english-lexicon/).
- [Liddell-Scott-Jones (LSJ) Greek-English Lexicon](https://github.com/PerseusDL/lexica) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) — [TEI](#tei) XML format (beta code) of [LSJ9 from Perseus](http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.04.0057), based on Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, *A Greek-English Lexicon,* revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie. (Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1940).
- [LSJ: Unicode version](https://github.com/gcelano/LSJ_GreekUnicode) [](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) — LSJ [TEI](#tei) XML in Unicode instead of beta code by Giuseppe Celano.
- [Mounce's Concise Greek-English Dictionary of Biblical Greek](https://github.com/jcuenod/dictionary) — Copy of Mounce's dictionary repo ([original repo](https://github.com/billmounce/dictionary) no longer extant). Available in JSON and text formats.
- [Strong's Dictionaries of Hebrew and Greek](https://github.com/openscriptures/strongs)  — XML versions of James Strong's (1890) Dictionaries of Hebrew and Greek.
- [Strong's Greek Dictionary with real Greek](https://github.com/morphgnt/strongs-dictionary-xml) [](http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) — Strong's Greek Dictionary in XML format by Dr. Ulrik Sandborg-Petersen with beta code and Unicode Greek along with SBL-style transliterations and corrections.
## Other Awesome Lists
*Lists of resources prepared by others that may also be helpful for developers working with Bible texts and related resources.*
- [Awesome Bible Data](https://github.com/jcuenod/awesome-bible-data) — List of biblical data including translations, tagged original language texts, second temple literature, early church writings, dictionaries, and cross references.
- [Awesome Bible NLP](https://github.com/BibleNLP/awesome-bible-nlp) — A curated list of resources dedicated to Biblical Natural Language Processing (NLP).
- [Biblical Humanities Dashboard](http://biblicalhumanities.org/dashboard/) — This dashboard lists available data resources that are important for digital biblical humanities.
- [Hackathon.Bible](https://hackathon.bible) — A resource site with Bible texts and datasets for building apps and new innovations for Bible engagement.