https://github.com/bixat/language-keywords-reference
Cross-language keyword reference comparing Python, Dart, TypeScript, and Rust. Keywords aligned by concept and function for easy language switching and learning.
https://github.com/bixat/language-keywords-reference
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Cross-language keyword reference comparing Python, Dart, TypeScript, and Rust. Keywords aligned by concept and function for easy language switching and learning.
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/bixat/language-keywords-reference
- Owner: bixat
- License: mit
- Created: 2025-07-21T17:34:13.000Z (3 months ago)
- Default Branch: main
- Last Pushed: 2025-07-21T18:40:49.000Z (3 months ago)
- Last Synced: 2025-07-21T20:44:41.219Z (3 months ago)
- Topics: keywords, languages, programming
- Homepage:
- Size: 15.6 KB
- Stars: 0
- Watchers: 0
- Forks: 0
- Open Issues: 0
-
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
- License: LICENSE
Awesome Lists containing this project
README
# Programming Language Keywords Reference
> Cross-language keyword reference comparing Python, Dart, TypeScript, and Rust. Keywords aligned by concept and function for easy language switching and learning.
[](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
[](CONTRIBUTING.md)
[](#supported-languages)
## 🚀 Overview
This repository provides a comprehensive, side-by-side comparison of keywords across four major programming languages. Unlike traditional keyword lists, this reference aligns keywords by their **conceptual meaning and function**, making it invaluable for:
- 🔄 **Language Migration**: Switching between languages
- 📚 **Learning**: Understanding language design patterns
- 🔍 **Quick Reference**: Finding equivalent keywords instantly
- 👥 **Team Collaboration**: Working with polyglot codebases
## 🌐 Supported Languages
| Language | Keywords Count | Focus Area |
|----------|---------------|------------|
| **Python** | 35 | Simplicity & Readability |
| **Dart** | 52+ | Flutter & Web Development |
| **TypeScript** | 50+ | Type-Safe JavaScript |
| **Rust** | 40+ | Memory Safety & Performance |
## 🔍 Quick Examples
### Finding Equivalents
Looking for class definition across languages?
```
Python: class Dart: class TypeScript: class Rust: struct
```
### Boolean Values
```
Python: True/False Dart: true/false TypeScript: true/false Rust: true/false
```
### Pattern Matching
```
Python: - Dart: switch TypeScript: switch Rust: match
```
## 📊 Complete Keywords Table
# Programming Language Keywords Reference Table
## Keywords Aligned by Similarity and Function
| Concept | Python | Dart | TypeScript | Rust |
|---------|--------|------|------------|------|
| **Type Casting** | as | as | as | as |
| **Async Programming** | async | async | async | async |
| **Async Await** | await | await | await | await |
| **Loop Control - Break** | break | break | break | break |
| **Loop Control - Continue** | continue | continue | continue | continue |
| **Conditional - Else** | else | else | else | else |
| **Loop - For** | for | for | for | for |
| **Conditional - If** | if | if | if | if |
| **Membership Test** | in | in | in | in |
| **Function Return** | return | return | return | return |
| **Loop - While** | while | while | while | while |
| **Object Definition** | class | class | class | struct |
| **Constants** | - | const | const | const |
| **Enumerations** | - | enum | enum | enum |
| **Boolean False** | False | false | false | false |
| **Static Members** | - | static | static | static |
| **Inheritance** | - | super | super | super |
| **Boolean True** | True | true | true | true |
| **Exception Handling** | try | try | try | - |
| **Context/Resource** | with | with | with | - |
| **Generators** | yield | yield | yield | - |
| **Import/Use** | import | import | import | use |
| **Type Definition** | - | - | type | type |
| **Variable Declaration** | - | var | var | let |
| **Function Definition** | def | - | function | fn |
| **Abstract Classes** | - | abstract | abstract | - |
| **Assertion** | assert | assert | - | - |
| **Switch Case** | - | case | case | - |
| **Exception Catch** | - | catch | catch | - |
| **Switch Default** | - | default | default | - |
| **Do Loop** | - | do | do | - |
| **Module Export** | - | export | export | - |
| **Class Extension** | - | extends | extends | - |
| **Property Getter** | - | get | get | - |
| **Interface Implementation** | - | implements | implements | trait |
| **Type Check** | is | is | - | - |
| **Object Creation** | - | new | new | - |
| **Null Value** | None | null | null | - |
| **Property Setter** | - | set | set | - |
| **Switch Statement** | - | switch | switch | match |
| **This Reference** | self | this | this | self |
| **Exception Throw** | - | throw | throw | - |
| **Void Type** | - | void | void | - |
| **Logical AND** | and | - | - | - |
| **Boolean/Logical NOT** | not | - | - | - |
| **Logical OR** | or | - | - | - |
| **Function Expression** | lambda | - | - | - |
| **Exception Handling** | except | - | - | - |
| **Exception Finally** | finally | finally | finally | - |
| **Variable Deletion** | del | - | delete | - |
| **Conditional Elif** | elif | - | - | - |
| **Exception Raise** | raise | - | - | - |
| **No Operation** | pass | - | - | - |
| **Global Scope** | global | - | - | - |
| **Nonlocal Scope** | nonlocal | - | - | - |
| **Module Import From** | from | - | from | - |
| **Execution** | exec | - | - | - |
| **Any Type** | - | - | any | - |
| **Boolean Type** | - | - | boolean | - |
| **Constructor** | - | - | constructor | - |
| **Declaration** | - | - | declare | - |
| **Instance Check** | - | - | instanceof | - |
| **Interface** | - | interface | interface | - |
| **Key Of Type** | - | - | keyof | - |
| **Module System** | - | - | module | mod |
| **Namespace** | - | - | namespace | - |
| **Never Type** | - | - | never | - |
| **Number Type** | - | - | number | - |
| **Object Type** | - | - | object | - |
| **Of Operator** | - | - | of | - |
| **Package** | - | - | package | - |
| **Access Private** | - | - | private | priv |
| **Access Protected** | - | - | protected | - |
| **Access Public** | - | - | public | pub |
| **Readonly** | - | - | readonly | - |
| **Require** | - | - | require | - |
| **String Type** | - | - | string | - |
| **Symbol Type** | - | - | symbol | - |
| **Type Of** | - | - | typeof | - |
| **Undefined** | - | - | undefined | - |
| **Unique** | - | - | unique | - |
| **Unknown Type** | - | - | unknown | - |
| **Deferred Loading** | - | deferred | - | - |
| **Dynamic Type** | - | dynamic | - | dyn |
| **External** | - | external | - | extern |
| **Factory Constructor** | - | factory | - | - |
| **Final** | - | final | - | - |
| **Hide Library** | - | hide | - | - |
| **Late Initialization** | - | late | - | - |
| **Library** | - | library | - | crate |
| **Mixin** | - | mixin | - | - |
| **On Clause** | - | on | - | - |
| **Operator** | - | operator | - | - |
| **Part** | - | part | - | - |
| **Required** | - | required | - | - |
| **Rethrow** | - | rethrow | - | - |
| **Show Library** | - | show | - | - |
| **Sync** | - | sync | - | - |
| **Type Definition** | - | typedef | - | - |
| **Implementation** | - | - | - | impl |
| **Loop** | - | - | - | loop |
| **Move Ownership** | - | - | - | move |
| **Mutable** | - | - | - | mut |
| **Reference** | - | - | - | ref |
| **Self Type** | - | - | - | Self |
| **Unsafe** | - | - | - | unsafe |
| **Where Clause** | - | - | - | where |
## 💡 Key Insights
### Universal Keywords (All 4 Languages)
Core programming concepts shared across all languages:
- **Control Flow**: `if`, `else`, `for`, `while`, `break`, `continue`, `return`
- **Modern Features**: `async`, `await`, `as`
### Language Families
- **Object-Oriented Trio**: Dart and TypeScript share many OOP keywords
- **Systems Programming**: Rust has unique memory safety keywords (`mut`, `unsafe`, `move`)
- **Python's Philosophy**: Fewer, more readable keywords (`elif` vs `else if`)
### Missing Concepts
- **Rust**: No traditional exception handling (`try`/`catch`)
- **Python**: No built-in constants declaration or static typing keywords
- **TypeScript**: Inherits JavaScript's limitations, adds type system
## 🛠 Usage Examples
### For Language Learners
```markdown
Coming from Python and learning Rust?
- Python `def` → Rust `fn`
- Python `True` → Rust `true`
- Python `class` → Rust `struct`
```
### For Code Translation
```markdown
Converting TypeScript to Dart?
- Both use: `class`, `async`, `await`, `try`, `catch`
- TypeScript `interface` → Dart `abstract class` or `mixin`
- TypeScript `type` → Dart `typedef`
```
### For Team Standards
Use this reference to establish consistent patterns across your polyglot codebase.
## 📈 Statistics
| Metric | Count |
|--------|-------|
| **Total Unique Keywords** | 100+ |
| **Shared Across All 4** | 11 |
| **Shared Across 3** | 15 |
| **Shared Across 2** | 20+ |
| **Language-Specific** | 50+ |
## 🎯 Use Cases
### ✅ Perfect For
- **Polyglot Developers** switching between languages
- **Code Migration** projects
- **Learning** new programming languages
- **Technical Documentation** and training
- **Interview Preparation** for multiple languages
### 📚 Educational Value
- Understand **language design philosophy**
- Compare **feature completeness** across languages
- Learn **modern programming concepts** (async/await, pattern matching)
- Identify **missing features** in your target language
## 🤝 Contributing
We welcome contributions! Here's how you can help:
### Add New Languages
- Java, C#, Go, Swift, Kotlin, etc.
- Follow the existing format and alignment principles
### Improve Accuracy
- Spot missing keywords or incorrect mappings
- Add context-specific notes
- Improve conceptual groupings
### Enhance Documentation
- Add usage examples
- Improve descriptions
- Create visual aids
**Getting Started:**
1. Fork the repository
2. Create a feature branch
3. Make your changes
4. Submit a pull request
## 📝 License
This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for details.
## 🌟 Acknowledgments
- Language specification teams for comprehensive documentation
- Developer communities for keyword usage patterns
- Contributors who help maintain accuracy and completeness
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