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https://github.com/hollasch/ray4

Ray4 is a 4D raytracer original developed for my 1991 master's thesis in computer science
https://github.com/hollasch/ray4

3d 4d four-dimensional hyperspace raytracer raytracing thesis

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Ray4 is a 4D raytracer original developed for my 1991 master's thesis in computer science

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README

        

Four-Space Visualization of 4D Objects
====================================================================================================

![4D Hypercube](images/fig48-small.jpg)
![4D Octahedron](images/fig411-small.jpg)
![Hypersphere Slices](images/fig54a-small.jpg)
![Hyperspheres](images/fig54b-small.jpg)

This repository contains my 1991 thesis (converted to HTML from the original nroff sources), as well
as the original code for my 4D wireframe viewer and my 4D raytracer.

The thesis is now a single all-inclusive HTML file:
[_Four-Space Visualization of 4D Objects_][thesis].

See the [`thesis/`][] directory for my thesis source files and associated material.

Wire4
------
[`wire4`][] is my 4D wireframe viewer. It was written to run on an SGI Iris workstation. It
reads in arbitrary 4D wireframes from a simple text file and displays them interactively. The code
has not been maintained, though, and will not run on most modern computers.

Ray4
-----
[`ray4`][] is the updated 4D raytracer, converted to C++. All new features will be created here.

Ray4-c
-------
[`ray4-c`][] is the original 4D raytracer, written in standard C. It can read from standard input
and writes to standard output, so should be able to run on most computers. The output is a 3D RGB
image that can be displayed with a variety of methods. See [`ray4-c/craig/`][craig] for some tools.

Image4
-------
The [`image4`][] tool is a utility to query and display the 3D image cube generated by `ray4`. It's
an entirely new tool in development. The plan is to have this tool generate PPM images from the 3D
image cube.

GitHub Notes
-------------
You can send any questions to me at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected]). Also, now that
GitHub has a discussions feature, feel free to start a conversation in
[the discussions section][discussions].

Other 4D Work
-------------
I'm contacted from time to time by others who have referenced my thesis or are embarking on 4D
visualization work of their own. Here are links to other work I've seen.

- [4D Snake](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8IUnqm8j4BE)
- [4+ Dimensional Solid Wireframes](http://utopian-aunt.surge.sh/)

[`image4`]: image4/README.md
[`ray4-c`]: ray4-c/README.md
[`ray4`]: ray4/README.md
[`thesis/`]: thesis/README.md
[`wire4`]: wire4/README.md
[craig]: ray4-c/craig/README.md
[discussions]: https://github.com/hollasch/ray4/discussions/
[thesis]: https://hollasch.github.io/ray4/Four-Space_Visualization_of_4D_Objects.html