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https://github.com/ikespand/awesome-machine-learning-fluid-mechanics
Curated list for ML in FM
https://github.com/ikespand/awesome-machine-learning-fluid-mechanics
List: awesome-machine-learning-fluid-mechanics
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Curated list for ML in FM
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/ikespand/awesome-machine-learning-fluid-mechanics
- Owner: ikespand
- License: mit
- Created: 2021-02-26T21:19:35.000Z (almost 4 years ago)
- Default Branch: main
- Last Pushed: 2024-03-03T10:48:57.000Z (10 months ago)
- Last Synced: 2024-04-18T13:42:38.595Z (8 months ago)
- Size: 75.2 KB
- Stars: 151
- Watchers: 15
- Forks: 38
- Open Issues: 0
-
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
- Contributing: CONTRIBUTING.md
- License: LICENSE
- Authors: AUTHORS.md
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README
# Awesome Machine Learning for Fluid Mechanics
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[](mailto:[email protected])
----
A curated list of machine learning papers, codes, libraries, and databases applied to fluid mechanics. This list in no way a comprehensive, therefore, if you observe something is missing then please feel free to add it here while adhering to [contributing guidelines](https://github.com/ikespand/awesome-machine-learning-fluid-mechanics/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md).
**Table of Contents**
- [Awesome Machine Learning for Fluid Mechanics](#awesome-machine-learning-for-fluid-mechanics)
* [Frameworks](#frameworks)
* [Research articles](#research-articles)
+ [Editorials](#editorials)
+ [Review papers](#review-papers)
+ [Applied Large Language Models](#applied-large-language-models)
+ [Quantum Machine Learning](#quantum-machine-learning)
+ [Interpreted and Explainable Machine Learning](#interpreted-and-explainable-machine-learning)
+ [Physics-informed ML](#physics-informed-ml)
+ [Reduced-order modeling aided ML](#reduced-order-modeling-aided-ml)
+ [Transfer Learning](#transfer-learning)
+ [Generative AI](#generative-ai)
+ [Patten identification and generation](#patten-identification-and-generation)
+ [Reinforcement learning](#reinforcement-learning)
+ [Geometry optimization or generation](#geometry-optimization-or-generation)
+ [Others](#others)
* [ML-focused events](#ml-focused-events)
* [Available datasets](#available-datasets)
* [Online resources](#online-resources)
* [Blogs and news articles](#blogs-and-news-articles)
* [Ongoing research, projects and labs](#ongoing-research--projects-and-labs)
* [Opensource codes, tutorials and examples](#opensource-codes--tutorials-and-examples)
* [Companies focusing on ML](#companies-focusing-on-ml)
* [Opensource CFD codes](#opensource-cfd-codes)
* [Support Forums](#support-forums)
Table of contents generated with markdown-toc
----
## Frameworks
1. [TensorFlow](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/ "TensorFlow") is a well-known machine learning library developed by Google.
2. [PyTorch](https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch "PyTorch") is another framework for machine learning developed at Facebook.
3. [Scikit-learn ](https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn "Scikit-learn ")is all-purpose machine learning library. It also provides the implementation of several other data analysis algorithm.
4. [easyesn](https://github.com/kalekiu/easyesn "easyesn") is a very good implementation of echo state network (ESN aka. reservoir computing). ESN often finds its application in dynamical systems.
5. [EchoTorch](https://github.com/nschaetti/EchoTorch) is another good implementation for ESN based upon PyTorch.
6. [flowTorch](https://github.com/FlowModelingControl/flowtorch) is a Python library for analysis and reduced order modeling of fluid flows.
7. [neurodiffeq](https://github.com/NeuroDiffGym/neurodiffeq) is a Python package for solving differential equations with neural networks.
8. [SciANN](https://github.com/sciann/sciann) is a Keras wrapper for scientific computations and physics-informed deep learning.
9. [PySINDy](https://github.com/dynamicslab/pysindy) is a package with several implementations for the Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamical systems (SINDy). It is also well suited for a dynamical system.
10. [smarties](https://github.com/cselab/smarties) is a Reinforcement Learning (RL) software designed high-performance C++ implementations of deep RL learning algorithms including V-RACER, CMA, PPO, DQN, DPG, ACER, and NAF.
11. [DRLinFluids](https://github.com/venturi123/DRLinFluids)is a flexible Python package that enables the application of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) techniques to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). [[Paper-1](https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0103113), [Paper-2](https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0152777)]
12. [PyDMD](https://github.com/mathLab/PyDMD) is a python package for dynamic mode decomposition which is often used for reduced order modelling now.
13. [PYPARSVD](https://github.com/Romit-Maulik/PyParSVD "PYPARSVD") is an implementation for singular value decomposition (SVD) which is distributed and parallelized which makes it efficient for large data.
14. [turbESN](https://github.com/flohey/turbESN) is a python-based package which relies on PyTorch for ESN as a backend which supports fully autonomous and teacher forced ESN predictions.
15. [PyKoopman](https://github.com/dynamicslab/pykoopman) is a Python package for computing data-driven approximations to the Koopman operator. ([Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.12962))
16. [MODULO](https://github.com/mendezVKI/MODULO) is a modal decomposition package developed at the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics (VKI). It offers a wide range of decomposition techniques, allowing users to choose the most appropriate method for their specific problem.
17. [DeepXDE](https://github.com/lululxvi/deepxde) is a library for scientific machine learning and physics-informed learning. DeepXDE includes PINN, DeepONet. It supports five tensor libraries as backends: TensorFlow 1.x (tensorflow.compat.v1 in TensorFlow 2.x), TensorFlow 2.x, PyTorch, JAX, and PaddlePaddle.
## Research articles
### Editorials
1. [Editorial: Machine Learning and Physical Review Fluids: An Editorial Perspective](https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.6.070001), 2021.
2. [An Old-Fashioned Framework for Machine Learning in Turbulence Modeling](https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.00837), 2023. (Presented at NASA)
### Review papers
1. Application of machine learning algorithms to flow modeling and optimization, 1999. ([Paper](https://web.stanford.edu/group/ctr/ResBriefs99/petros.pdf))
2. Turbulence modeling in the age of data, 2019. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.00183 "Paper"))
3. A perspective on machine learning in turbulent flows, 2020. ([Paper](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14685248.2020.1757685 "Paper"))
4. Machine learning for fluid mechanics, 2020. ([Paper](https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-fluid-010719-060214 "Paper"))
5. A Perspective on machine learning methods in turbulence modelling, 2020. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.12226 "Paper"))
6. Machine learning accelerated computational fluid dynamics, 2021. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.01010 "Paper"))
7. Deep learning to replace, improve, or aid CFD analysis in built environment applications: A review, 2021. ([Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132321007137))
8. Physics-informed machine learning, 2021. ([Paper](https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-021-00314-5))
9. A review on deep reinforcement learning for fluid mechanics, 2021. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.04127) | [Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045793021001407))
10. Enhancing Computational Fluid Dynamics with Machine Learning, 2022. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.02085.pdf) | [Paper](https://www.nature.com/articles/s43588-022-00264-7))
11. Applying machine learning to study fluid mechanics, 2022. ([Paper](https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10409-021-01143-6.pdf))
12. Improving aircraft performance using machine learning: A review, 2022. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.11481) | [Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1270963823002511))
13. The transformative potential of machine learning for experiments in fluid mechanics, 2023. ([Paper](https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-023-00622-y))
14. Super-resolution analysis via machine learning: a survey for fluid flows, 2023. ([Open Access Paper](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00162-023-00663-0))
15. From PINNs to PIKANs: Recent Advances in Physics-Informed Machine Learning, 2024. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.13228))
16. Mixing Artificial and Natural Intelligence: From Statistical Mechanics to AI and Back to Turbulence, 2024. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.17993) | [Paper](https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1751-8121/ad67bb))
17. Data-driven methods for flow and transport in porous media: A review, 2024. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.19939) | [Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0017931024009797))
### Applied Large Language Models
1. MetaOpenFOAM: an LLM-based multi-agent framework for CFD, 2024. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.21320) | [Code](https://github.com/Terry-cyx/MetaOpenFOAM) | [YouTube Presentation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiQbce4_OqI))
### Quantum Machine Learning
1. Machine learning and quantum computing for reactive turbulence modeling and simulation, 2021. ([Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0093641321000987))
2. Quantum reservoir computing of thermal convection flow, 2022. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.13951.pdf))
3. Reduced-order modeling of two-dimensional turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard flow by hybrid quantum-classical reservoir computing, 2023. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.03053))
### Interpreted and Explainable Machine Learning
1. Extracting Interpretable Physical Parameters from Spatiotemporal Systems using Unsupervised Learning, 2020. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.06011) | [Blog](https://peterparity.github.io/projects/pde_vae/))
2. An interpretable framework of data-driven turbulence modeling using deep neural networks, 2021. ([Paper](https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/5.0048909))
3. Interpreted machine learning in fluid dynamics: explaining relaminarisation events in wall-bounded shear flows, 2022, ([Paper](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-fluid-mechanics/article/interpreted-machine-learning-in-fluid-dynamics-explaining-relaminarisation-events-in-wallbounded-shear-flows/C2CA43557475FF09B2FCEC06D99BB0FE) | [Data](https://datashare.ed.ac.uk/handle/10283/4424))
4. Explaining wall-bounded turbulence through deep learning. 2023. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.01250))
5. Multiscale Graph Neural Network Autoencoders for Interpretable Scientific Machine Learning, 2023 ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.06186) | [Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0021999123006320))
6. Feature importance in neural networks as a means of interpretation for data-driven turbulence models, 2023. ([Open Access Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045793023002189))
7. Interpretable A-posteriori Error Indication for Graph Neural Network Surrogate Models, 2023. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.07548) | [Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045782524007631))
8. Classically studied coherent structures only paint a partial picture of wall-bounded turbulence, 2024. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.23189))
### Physics-informed ML
1. Reynolds averaged turbulence modeling using deep neural networks with embedded invariance, 2016. ([Paper](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-fluid-mechanics/article/reynolds-averaged-turbulence-modelling-using-deep-neural-networks-with-embedded-invariance/0B280EEE89C74A7BF651C422F8FBD1EB))
2. From deep to physics-informed learning of turbulence: Diagnostics, 2018. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.07785))
3. Subgrid modelling for two-dimensional turbulence using neural networks, 2018. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.02983) | [Code](https://github.com/Romit-Maulik/ML_2D_Turbulencehttp))
4. Physics-informed neural networks: A deep learning framework for solving forward and inverse problems involving nonlinear partial differential equations, 2019. ([Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021999118307125))
5. Neural network models for the anisotropic Reynolds stress tensor in turbulent channel flow, 2019. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.03591))
6. Data-driven fractional subgrid-scale modeling for scalar turbulence: A nonlocal LES approach, 2020. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.14027))
7. A machine learning framework for LES closure terms, 2020. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.03030))
8. A neural network based shock detection and localization approach for discontinuous Galerkin methods, 2020. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.08201.pdf ))
9. Data-driven algebraic models of the turbulent Prandtl number for buoyancy-affected flow near a vertical surface, 2021. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.01842))
10. Convolutional Neural Network Models and Interpretability for the Anisotropic Reynolds Stress Tensor in Turbulent One-dimensional Flows, 2021. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.15757))
11. Physics-aware deep neural networks for surrogate modeling of turbulent natural convection,2021. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.03565))
12. Learned Turbulence Modelling with Differentiable Fluid Solvers, 2021. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.06988))
13. Physics-informed data based neural networks for two-dimensional turbulence, 2022. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.02555.pdf) | [Paper](https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/5.0090050))
14. Deep Physics Corrector: A physics enhanced deep learning architecture for solving stochastic differential equations, 2022. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.09750))
15. A Physics-informed Diffusion Model for High-fidelity Flow Field Reconstruction, 2022. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.14680))
16. A fast and accurate physics-informed neural network reduced order model with shallow masked autoencoder, 2022. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.11990) | [Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021999121007361))
17. FluxNet: a physics-informed learning-based Riemann solver for transcritical flows with non-ideal thermodynamics, 2022. ([Paper](https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4216629) | [Code](https://git.uwaterloo.ca/jc9wang/fluxnet))
18. An Improved Structured Mesh Generation Method Based on Physics-informed Neural Networks, 2022. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.09546))
19. Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Inverse Problems in Supersonic Flows, 2022. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.11821) | [Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0021999122004648))
20. Extending a Physics-Informed Machine Learning Network for Superresolution Studies of Rayleigh-Bénard Convection, 2023. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.02674))
21. Machine learning for RANS turbulence modeling of variable property flows, 2023. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.15384) | [Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045793023000609))
22. A probabilistic, data-driven closure model for RANS simulations with aleatoric, model uncertainty, 2023. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.02432))
23. Turbulence closure with small, local neural networks: Forced two-dimensional and $\beta$-plane flows, 2024. ([Paper](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2023MS003795?af=R) | [arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.05029))
24. Data-driven discovery of turbulent flow equations using physics-informed neural networks, 2024. ([Paper](https://pubs.aip.org/aip/pof/article-abstract/36/3/035107/3268437/Data-driven-discovery-of-turbulent-flow-equations?redirectedFrom=fulltext))
25. Turbulence model augmented physics-informed neural networks for mean-flow reconstruction, 2024. ([Paper](https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.9.034605) | [arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01065) | [Code](https://github.com/RigasLab/PINN_SA))
26. Data-Driven Turbulence Modeling Approach for Cold-Wall Hypersonic Boundary Layers, 2024. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.17446))
27. Generalized field inversion strategies for data-driven turbulence closure modeling, 2024. ([Open access paper](https://pubs.aip.org/aip/pof/article/36/10/105188/3318159/Generalized-field-inversion-strategies-for-data))
### Reduced-order modeling aided ML
1. Reservoir computing model of two-dimensional turbulent convection, 2020. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.10280))
2. Predictions of turbulent shear flows using deep neural networks, 2019. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.03634 "Paper") | [Code](https://github.com/KTH-Nek5000/DeepTurbulence "Code"))
3. A deep learning enabler for nonintrusive reduced order modeling of fluid flows, 2019. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.04945))
4. Reduced-order modeling of advection-dominated systems with recurrent neural networks and convolutional autoencoders, 2020. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.00470.pdf) | [Code](https://github.com/Romit-Maulik/CAE_LSTM_ROMS))
5. Time-series learning of latent-space dynamics for reduced-order model closure, 2020. ([Paper](https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167278919305536) | [Code](https://github.com/Romit-Maulik/ML_ROM_Closures))
6. Echo state network for two-dimensional turbulent moist Rayleigh-Bénard convection, 2020. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.11325))
7. DeepCFD: Efficient steady-state laminar flow approximation with deep convolutional neural networks, 2020. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.08826.pdf) | [Code](https://github.com/mdribeiro/DeepCFD))
8. From coarse wall measurements to turbulent velocity fields with deep learning, 2021. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.07387))
9. Convolutional neural network and long short-term memory based reduced order surrogate for minimal turbulent channel flow, 2021. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.13351), | Data: Contact authors)
10. Direct data-driven forecast of local turbulent heat flux in Rayleigh–Bénard convection, 2022. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.13129) | [arXiv](https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/5.0087977) | Data: Contact authors)
11. Cost function for low‑dimensional manifold topology assessment ([Paper](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-18655-1) | [Data](https://tnfworkshop.org/data-archives/pilotedjet/ch4-air/) | [Code](https://github.com/kamilazdybal/cost-function-manifold-assessment))
12. Data-Driven Modeling for Transonic Aeroelastic Analysis, 2023. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.07046) | [Code, will be available](https://github.com/Nicola-Fonzi/pysu2DMD))
13. Predicting the wall-shear stress and wall pressure through convolutional neural networks, 2023. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.00706) | [Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142727X23000991))
14. Deep learning-based reduced order model for three-dimensional unsteady flow using mesh transformation and stitching, 2023. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.07323)| Data : Contact authors)
15. Reduced-order modeling of fluid flows with transformers, 2023. ([Paper](https://pubs.aip.org/aip/pof/article-abstract/35/5/057126/2891586/Reduced-order-modeling-of-fluid-flows-with))
16. Multi-fidelity reduced-order surrogate modeling, 2024. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.00325) | [Paper](https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspa.2023.0655?af=R))
17. β-Variational autoencoders and transformers for reduced-order modelling of fluid flows, 2024. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.03571) | [Paper](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-45578-4) | [Code](https://github.com/KTH-FlowAI/beta-Variational-autoencoders-and-transformers-for-reduced-order-modelling-of-fluid-flows) | [Data](https://zenodo.org/records/10501216))
18. Shock wave prediction in transonic flow fields using domain-informed probabilistic deep learning, 2024. ([Paper](https://pubs.aip.org/aip/pof/article-abstract/36/1/016121/2932992/Shock-wave-prediction-in-transonic-flow-fields?redirectedFrom=fulltext))
### Transfer Learning
1. Stable a posteriori LES of 2D turbulence using convolutional neural networks: Backscattering analysis and generalization to higher Re via transfer learning, 2021. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.11400 ))
2. Non-intrusive, transferable model for coupled turbulent channel-porous media flow based upon neural networks, 2024. ([Paper](https://pubs.aip.org/aip/pof/article/36/2/025112/3262262/Non-intrusive-transferable-model-for-coupled) | Data : Contact authors)
### Generative AI
1. Inpainting Computational Fluid Dynamics with Deep Learning, 2024. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.17185))
2. Generative Adversarial Reduced Order Modelling, 2024. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.15881) | [Paper](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-54067-z) | [Code](https://github.com/dario-coscia/GAROM))
3. Three-dimensional generative adversarial networks for turbulent flow estimation from wall measurements, 2024. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.06548) | [Paper](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-fluid-mechanics/article/threedimensional-generative-adversarial-networks-for-turbulent-flow-estimation-from-wall-measurements/6BD96A003A1D53325D8AC04341DC1713))
### Patten identification and generation
1. Deep learning in turbulent convection networks, 2019. ([Paper](https://www.pnas.org/content/116/18/8667))
2. Time-resolved turbulent velocity field reconstruction using a long short-term memory (LSTM)-based artificial intelligence framework, 2019. ([Paper](https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.5111558))
3. Unsupervised deep learning for super-resolution reconstruction of turbulence, 2020. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.15324))
4. Nonlinear mode decomposition with convolutional neural networks for fluid dynamics, 2020. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.04029))
5. A deep neural network architecture for reliable 3D position and size determination for Lagrangian particle tracking using a single camera, 2023. ([Open Access Paper](https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6501/ace070) | [Data](https://defocustracking.com/datasets/))
6. Sparse sensor reconstruction of vortex-impinged airfoil wake with machine learning, 2023. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.05147) | [Open Access Paper](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00162-023-00657-y))
7. Identifying regions of importance in wall-bounded turbulence through explainable deep learning, 2023. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.01250) | [Code](https://github.com/KTH-FlowAI/Identifying-regions-of-importance-in-wall-bounded-turbulence-through-explainable-deep-learning))
8. Data-driven estimation of scalar quantities from planar velocity measurements by deep learning applied to temperature in thermal convection, 2023. ([Paper](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00348-023-03736-2) | Data : Contact authors)
9. Reconstruction of three-dimensional turbulent flow structures using surface measurements for free-surface flows based on a convolutional neural network, 2023. ([Paper](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-fluid-mechanics/article/reconstruction-of-threedimensional-turbulent-flow-structures-using-surface-measurements-for-freesurface-flows-based-on-a-convolutional-neural-network/DA0663B3D28F78C1056AB4737675EF7B) | [arXiv](https:/
/arxiv.org/abs/2301.11710))
10. Machine learning-based vorticity evolution and super-resolution of homogeneous isotropic turbulence using wavelet projection, 2024. ([ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378145820_Machine_learning-based_vorticity_evolution_and_super-resolution_of_homogeneous_isotropic_turbulence_using_wavelet_projection) | [Paper](https://pubs.aip.org/aip/pof/article-abstract/36/2/025120/3262840/Machine-learning-based-vorticity-evolution-and?redirectedFrom=fulltext))
11. Data-driven nonlinear turbulent flow scaling with Buckingham Pi variables, 2024. ([Paper](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-fluid-mechanics/article/datadriven-nonlinear-turbulent-flow-scaling-with-buckingham-pi-variables/116D45EFF6E4231E2ACC1B819C20C708) | [arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.17990))
### Reinforcement learning
1. Automating Turbulence Modeling by Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning, 2020. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09023) | [Code](https://github.com/cselab/MARL_LES))
2. Deep reinforcement learning for turbulent drag reduction in channel flows, 2023. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.09889) | [Code](https://github.com/KTH-FlowAI/MARL-drag-reduction-in-wall-bounded-flows))
3. DRLinFluids -- An open-source python platform of coupling Deep Reinforcement Learning and OpenFOAM, 2023. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.12699) | [Paper](https://pubs.aip.org/aip/pof/article-abstract/34/8/081801/2846652/DRLinFluids-An-open-source-Python-platform-of?redirectedFrom=fulltext) | [Code](https://github.com/venturi123/DRLinFluids))
4. Deep Reinforcement Learning for the Management of the Wall Regeneration Cycle in Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flows, 2024. ([arXiv](https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2408.06783) | [Paper](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10494-024-00609-4) | [Code](https://github.com/gmcavallazzi/CaNS_DRL))
### Geometry optimization or generation
1. Deep reinforcement learning for heat exchanger shape optimization, 2022. ([Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S001793102200583X) | [Article](https://uwaterloo.ca/research/catalogs/watco-technologies/deep-reinforcement-learning-heat-exchanger-shape))
2. Data-driven prediction of the performance of enhanced surfaces from an extensive CFD-generated parametric search space, 2023. ([Paper](https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2632-2153/acca60) | Data: Contact authors)
3. Robust optimization of heat-transfer-enhancing microtextured surfaces based on machine learning surrogate models, ([Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735193323006073) | Data: Contact authors)
4. Deep reinforcement learning and mesh deformation integration for shape optimization of a single pin fin within a micro channel, 2025. ([Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0017931024010718))
### Others
1. Data-assisted reduced-order modeling of extreme events in complex dynamical systems, 2018. ([Paper](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0197704))
2. Forecasting of spatiotemporal chaotic dynamics with recurrent neural networks: a comparative study of reservoir computing and backpropagation algorithms, 2019. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.05266))
3. Nonlinear mode decomposition with convolutional neural networks for fluid dynamics, 2020. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.04029))
4. Hidden fluid mechanics: Learning velocity and pressure fields from flow visualizations, 2020. ([Paper](https://science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6481/1026))
5. Engine Combustion System Optimization Using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Machine Learning: A Methodological Approach, 2021. ([Paper](https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/energyresources/article-abstract/143/2/022306/1086007/Engine-Combustion-System-Optimization-Using))
6. Physics guided machine learning using simplified theories, 2021. ([Paper](https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/5.0038929) | [Code](https://github.com/surajp92/PGML]))
7. Prospects of federated machine learning in fluid dynamics, 2022. ([Paper](https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/5.0104344))
8. Graph neural network-accelerated Lagrangian fluid simulation, 2022. ([Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0097849322000206))
9. Learning Lagrangian Fluid Mechanics with E(3)-Equivariant Graph Neural Networks, 2023. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.15603) | [Code](https://github.com/tumaer/sph-hae))
10. An unsupervised machine-learning-based shock sensor for high-order supersonic flow solvers, 2023. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.00086) | [Code](https://github.com/andres-mg/2023_gmm_shock_sensor))
11. Single-snapshot machine learning for turbulence super resolution, 2024. ([arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.04923))
## ML-focused events
1. [International Workshop on Data-driven Modeling and Optimization in Fluid Mechanics](https://www.istm.kit.edu/dmofm.php), 2019, Karlsruhe, Germany.
2. [Symposium on Model-Consistent Data-driven Turbulence Modeling](http://turbgate.engin.umich.edu/symposium/index21.html), 2021, Virtual Event.
3. [Turbulence Modeling: Roadblocks, and the Potential for Machine Learning](https://turbmodels.larc.nasa.gov/turb-prs2021.html), 2022, USA.
4. [Mini symposia: Analysis of Real World and Industry Applications: emerging frontiers in CFD computing, machine learning and beyond](https://www.wccm2022.org/minisymposia1217.html), 2022, Yokohama, Japan.
5. [IUTAM Symposium on Data-driven modeling and optimization in fluid mechanics](https://conferences.au.dk/iutam), 2022, Denmark.
6. [33rd Parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics International Conference](https://www.ercoftac.org/events/parcfd-2022/), 2022, Italy.
7. [Workshop: data-driven methods in fluid mechanics](https://fluids.leeds.ac.uk/2022/09/02/workshop-data-driven-methods-in-fluid-mechanics/), 2022, Leeds, UK.
8. [Lecture Series on Hands on Machine Learning for Fluid Dynamics 2023](https://www.vki.ac.be/index.php/events-ls/events/eventdetail/552/-/online-on-site-hands-on-machine-learning-for-fluid-dynamics-2023), 2023, von Karman Institute, Belgium.
9. [629 – Data-driven fluid mechanics](https://euromech.org/colloquia/colloquia-2023/629), 2024, Italy.
10. [Machine Learning for Fluid Mechanics: Analysis, Modeling, Control and Closures](https://www.datadrivenfluidmechanics.com/), February 2024, Belgium.
11. [Workshop on Machine Learning for Fluid Dynamics](https://www.ercoftac.org/events/machine-learning-for-fluid-dynamics/), March 2024, France.
12. [AI and Data-driven Simulation Forum](https://simpulse.de/157/ai-sim-forum), July 2024, Stuttgart, Germany.
13. [D3S3: Data-driven and Differentiable Simulations, Surrogates, and Solvers -- Workshop @ NeurIPS ‘24](https://d3s3workshop.github.io), tentative 2024, Vancouver, Canada.
14. [4th Automotive CFD Prediction Workshop](https://autocfd.org), November 2024, Belfast, Ireland.
15. [Euromech Colloquium on Data-Driven Fluid Dynamics/2nd ERCOFTAC Workshop on Machine Learning for Fluid Dynamics](https://629.euromech.org), April 2025, London UK.
## Available datasets
1. KTH FLOW: A rich dataset of different turbulent flow generated by DNS, LES and experiments. ([Simulation data](https://www.flow.kth.se/flow-database/simulation-data-1.791810http:// "Data") | [Experimental data](https://www.flow.kth.se/flow-database/experimental-data-1.791818 "Experimental data") | [Paper-1](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-fluid-mechanics/article/history-effects-and-near-equilibrium-in-adversepressuregradient-turbulent-boundary-layers/39C38082C380F396D004B65F438C296A "Paper-1"))
2. Vreman Research: Turbulent channel flow dataset generated from simulation, could be useful in closure modeling. ([Data](http://www.vremanresearch.nl/channel.html "Data") | [Paper-1](http://www.vremanresearch.nl/Vreman_Kuerten_Chan180_PF2014.pdf "Paper-1") | [Paper-2](http://www.vremanresearch.nl/Vreman_Kuerten_Chan590_PF2014.pdf "Paper-2"))
3. Johns Hopkins Turbulence Databases: High quality datasets for different flow problems. ([Database](http://turbulence.pha.jhu.edu/webquery/query.aspx "Database") | [Paper](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14685248.2015.1088656?journalCode=tjot20 "Paper"))
4. CTR Stanford: Dataset for turbulent pipe flow and boundary layer generated with DNS. ([Database](https://ctr.stanford.edu/research-data "Database") | [Paper](https://www.pnas.org/content/114/27/E5292 "Paper"))
5. sCO2: Spatial data along the tube for heated and cooled pipe under supercritical pressure. It includes around 50 cases, which is a good start for regression based model to replace correlations. ([Data](https://www.ike.uni-stuttgart.de/forschung/Ueberkritisches-CO2/dns/ "Data") | [Paper-1](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0017931017353176 "Paper-1") | [Paper-2](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0017931017307998 "Paper-2"))
## Online resources
1. A first course on machine learning from Nando di Freitas: Little old, recorded in 2013 but very concise and clear. ([YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE6Wd9FR--EdyJ5lbFl8UuGjecvVw66F6 "YouTube") | [Slides](https://www.cs.ubc.ca/~nando/540-2013/lectures.html "Slides"))
2. Steve Brunton has a wonderful channel for a variety of topics ranging from data analysis to machine learning applied to fluid mechanics. ([YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/c/Eigensteve/playlists "YouTube"))
3. Nathan Kutz has a super nice channel devoted to applied mathematics for fluid mechanics. ([YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCoUOaSVYkTV6W4uLvxvgiFA/videos "YouTube"))
4. For beginners, a good resource to learn OpenFOAM from József Nagy. OpenFOAM can be adapted for applying ML model coupled with N-S equations (e.g. RANS/LES closure). ([YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/c/J%C3%B3zsefNagyOpenFOAMGuru/playlists "YouTube"))
5. A course on [Machine learning in computational fluid dynamics](https://github.com/AndreWeiner/ml-cfd-lecture) from TU Braunschweig.
6. Looking for coursed for TensorFlow, PyTorch, GAN etc. then have a look to [this wonderful YouTube channel](https://www.youtube.com/c/AladdinPersson/playlists)
7. Interviews with researchers, podcast revolving around fluid mechanics, machine learning and simulation [on this YouTube channel from Jousef Murad](https://www.youtube.com/c/TheEngiineer/videos)
8. Lecture series videos from [Data-Driven Fluid Mechanics: Combining First Principles and Machine Learning](https://www.datadrivenfluidmechanics.com/index.php/lectures-videos)
## Blogs and news articles
1. [Convolutional Neural Networks for Steady Flow Approximation](https://www.autodesk.com/research/publications/convolutional-neural-networks), 2016. (Autodesk)
2. [CFD + Machine learning for super fast simulations](https://www.reddit.com/r/CFD/comments/5n91uz/cfd_machine_learning_for_super_fast_simulations/ "CFD + Machine learning for super fast simulations"), 2017. (Reddit)
3. [What is the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) or Machine Learning in CFD?](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-role-of-Artificial-Intelligence-AI-or-Machine-Learning-in-CFD "What is the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) or Machine Learning in CFD?"), 2017. (Quora)
4. [Supercomputing simulations and machine learning help improve power plant](https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-08/gcfs-ssa082018.php "Supercomputing simulations and machine learning help improve power plant"), 2018.
5. [When CAE Meets AI: Deep Learning For CFD Simulations](https://blog.theubercloud.com/when-cae-meets-ai-deep-learning-for-cfd-simulations), 2019. (Ubercloud)
6. [Machine Learning in Computational Fluid Dynamics](https://towardsdatascience.com/machine-learning-in-computational-fluid-dynamics-7018941414b9), 2020. (TowardsDataScience)
7. [Studying the nature of turbulence with Neural Concept's deep learning platform](https://www.numeca.com/readnews/article/616 "Studying the nature of turbulence with Neural Concept's deep learning platform"), 2020. (Numeca)
8. [A case for machine learning in CFD](https://tinyurl.com/2f6u8jab), 2020. (Medium)
9. [Machine Learning for Accelerated Aero-Thermal Design in the Age of Electromobility](https://blog.engys.com/machine-learning-for-accelerated-aero-thermal-design-in-the-age-of-electromobility/ "Machine Learning for Accelerated Aero-Thermal Design in the Age of Electromobility"), 2020. (Engys)
10. [A general purpose list for transitioning to data science and ML](https://ikespand.github.io/posts/resources_ml/), 2021.
11. [A compiled list of projects from NVIDIA where AI and CFD were used](https://developer.nvidia.com/taxonomy/term/727), 2021.
12. [AI for CFD](https://becominghuman.ai/ai-for-cfd-intro-part-1-d1184936fc47), 2021. (Medium)
13. [4 Myths about AI in CFD](https://blogs.sw.siemens.com/simcenter/4-myths-about-ai-in-cfd/), 2021. (Siemens)
14. [Accelerating Product Development with Physics-Informed Neural Networks and NVIDIA Modulus](https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/accelerating-product-development-with-physics-informed-neural-networks-and-modulus/), 2021. (NVIDIA)
15. [Optimize F1 aerodynamic geometries via Design of Experiments and machine learning](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/machine-learning/optimize-f1-aerodynamic-geometries-via-design-of-experiments-and-machine-learning/), 2022. (AWS)
16. [NVIDIA, Rolls-Royce and Classiq Announce Quantum Computing Breakthrough for Computational Fluid Dynamics in Jet Engines](https://nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/nvidia-rolls-royce-and-classiq-announce-quantum-computing-breakthrough-for-computational-fluid-dynamics-in-jet-engines?ncid=so-nvsh-992286&dysig_tid=d8392875c185424f99626f91fc2aa79a#cid=hpc02_so-nvsh_en-eu), 2023. (NVIDIA)
17. [Develop Physics-Informed Machine Learning Models with Graph Neural Networks](https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/develop-physics-informed-machine-learning-models-with-graph-neural-networks/), 2023. (NVIDIA)
18. [The AI algorithm reduces design cycles/costs and time-to-market for advanced products](https://www.anl.gov/taps/article/activo-software-named-finalist-for-the-2023-rd-100-awards), 2023. (ANL)
19. [Closing the gap between High-Performance Computing (HPC) and artificial intelligence (AI)](https://developer.hpe.com/blog/closing-the-gap-between-hpc-and-ai/), 2023. (HPE)
20. [AI for Science, Energy and Security (Special Remarks by DOE Secretary Granholm)](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/on-demand/session/aisummitdc24-sdc1080/?playlistId=playList-57a63ddc-d012-41fa-9958-e97e775a94b4), 2024. (Panel discussion, NVIDIA)
## Ongoing research, projects and labs
1. [Center for Data-Driven Computational Physics](http://cddcp.sites.uofmhosting.net/), University of Michigan, USA.
2. [VinuesaLab](https://www.vinuesalab.com/), KTH, Sweden.
3. [DeepTurb](https://www.tu-ilmenau.de/universitaet/fakultaeten/fakultaet-maschinenbau/profil/institute-und-fachgebiete/fachgebiet-stroemungsmechanik/carl-zeiss-stiftung-projekt-deepturb): Deep Learning in and of Turbulence, TU Ilmenau, Germany.
4. [Thuerey Group](https://ge.in.tum.de/research/): Numerical methods for physics simulations with deep learning, TU Munich, Germany.
5. [Focus Group Data-driven Dynamical Systems Analysis in Fluid Mechanics
](https://www.ias.tum.de/ias/research-areas/advanced-computation-and-modeling/data-driven-dynamical-systems-analysis-in-fluid-mechanics/), TU Munich, Germany.
6. [Mechanical and AI LAB (MAIL)](https://sites.google.com/view/barati?pli=1), Carnegie Mellon University, USA.
7. [Karniadakis's CRUNCH group](https://www.brown.edu/research/projects/crunch/current-research-0), Brown University, USA.
8. [MS 6: Machine Learning and Simulation Science](https://www.simtech2023.uni-stuttgart.de/program/minisymposia/ms6/), University of Stuttgart, Germany.
9. [Special Interest Groups 54: Machine Learning for Fluid Dynamics](https://www.ercoftac.org/special_interest_groups/54-machine-learning-for-fluid-dynamics/), Europe.
10. [Fukagata Lab](https://kflab.jp/en/index.php?21H05007), Keio University, Japan.
## Opensource codes, tutorials and examples
1. Repository [OpenFOAM Machine Learning Hackathon](https://github.com/OFDataCommittee/OFMLHackathon) have various projects originated from [Data Driven Modelling Special Interest Group](https://wiki.openfoam.com/Data_Driven_Modelling_Special_Interest_Group)
2. Repositiory [machine-learning-applied-to-cfd](https://github.com/AndreWeiner/machine-learning-applied-to-cfd "machine-learning-applied-to-cfd") has some excellent examples to begin with CFD and ML.
3. Repository [Computational-Fluid-Dynamics-Machine-Learning-Examples](https://github.com/loliverhennigh/Computational-Fluid-Dynamics-Machine-Learning-Examples "Computational-Fluid-Dynamics-Machine-Learning-Examples") has an example implementation for predicting drag from the boundary conditions alongside predicting the velocity and pressure field from the boundary conditions.
4. [Image Based CFD Using Deep Learning](https://github.com/IllusoryTime/Image-Based-CFD-Using-Deep-Learning "Image Based CFD Using Deep Learning")
5. [Deep-Flow-Prediction](https://github.com/thunil/Deep-Flow-Prediction) has the code for data generation, neural network training, and evaluation.
6. [TensorFlowFoam](https://github.com/argonne-lcf/TensorFlowFoam) with few tutorials on TensorFlow and OpenFoam.
7. [Reduced-order modeling of reacting flows using data-driven approaches](https://github.com/kamilazdybal/ROM-of-reacting-flows-Springer) have a Jupyter-Notebook example for the data driven modeling.
8. [Tutorial on the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) by Julien Weiss](https://depositonce.tu-berlin.de/bitstream/11303/9456/5/podnotes_aiaa2019.pdf "Tutorial on the **Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD)** by Julien Weiss"): A step by step tutorial including the data and a Matlab implementation. POD is often used for dimensionality reduction.
9. [Repository from KTH-FLOW for ML in Fluid Dynamics](https://github.com/KTH-FlowAI) has several implementations from various published papers.
## Companies focusing on ML
1. [Neural Concepts](https://neuralconcept.com/) is harnessing deep learning for the accelerated simulation and design.
2. [Flowfusic](https://www.flowfusic.com/about) is a cloud based provider for CFD simulation based upon OpenFOAM. They are exploring some use cases for AI and CFD.
3. [byteLAKE](https://www.bytelake.com/en/) offers a CFD Suite, which is a collection of AI models to [significantly accelerate the execution of CFD simulations](https://becominghuman.ai/ai-accelerated-cfd-computational-fluid-dynamics-how-does-bytelakes-cfd-suite-work-fea42fd0761e).
4. [NVIDIA](https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/modulus-v21-06-released-for-general-availability/) is leading with many product and libraries.
5. [NAVASTO](https://www.navasto.de/en/) has few products where they are combining AI with CFD.
6. [DeepSim](https://www.deepsim.io/technology) is a startup backed by [YCombinator](https://www.ycombinator.com)
## Opensource CFD codes
Following opensource CFD codes can be adapted for synthetic data generation. Some of them can also be used for RANS/LES closure modeling based upon ML.
1. [Nek5000](https://nek5000.mcs.anl.gov/)
2. [OpenFOAM](https://www.openfoam.com/)
3. [PyFr](http://www.pyfr.org/)
4. [Nektar++](https://www.nektar.info/)
5. [Flexi](https://www.flexi-project.org/)
6. [SU2](https://su2code.github.io/)
7. [code_saturne ](https://www.code-saturne.org/cms/web/)
8. [Dolfyn](https://www.dolfyn.net/)
9. [Neko](https://github.com/ExtremeFLOW/neko)
10. [Snek5000](https://snek5000.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)
## Support Forums
1. [CFDOnline](https://www.cfd-online.com/Forums/tags/machine%20learning.html)
2. [StackExchange](https://scicomp.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/machine-learning)