https://github.com/lmmlzn/Awesome-LLMs-Datasets
Summarize existing representative LLMs text datasets.
https://github.com/lmmlzn/Awesome-LLMs-Datasets
List: Awesome-LLMs-Datasets
Last synced: about 1 year ago
JSON representation
Summarize existing representative LLMs text datasets.
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/lmmlzn/Awesome-LLMs-Datasets
- Owner: lmmlzn
- License: apache-2.0
- Created: 2024-01-17T02:52:51.000Z (over 2 years ago)
- Default Branch: main
- Last Pushed: 2025-03-25T10:30:58.000Z (about 1 year ago)
- Last Synced: 2025-04-10T09:08:51.573Z (about 1 year ago)
- Homepage:
- Size: 1.27 MB
- Stars: 1,233
- Watchers: 5
- Forks: 126
- Open Issues: 4
-
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
- License: LICENSE
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README
Awesome LLMs Datasets
- Summarize existing representative LLMs text datasets across five dimensions: **Pre-training Corpora, Fine-tuning Instruction Datasets, Preference Datasets, Evaluation Datasets, and Traditional NLP Datasets**. (Regular updates)
- New dataset sections have been added: **Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) Datasets, Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) Datasets**. (Gradual updates)
- To improve update efficiency and frequency, starting from 2025, only key details of datasets will be updated (e.g., dataset name, paper link, etc.). For more comprehensive information, please refer to the corresponding research papers.
## Paper
The paper **["Datasets for Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey"](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.18041)** has been released.（2024/2）
**Abstract:**
This paper embarks on an exploration into the Large Language Model (LLM) datasets, which play a crucial role in the remarkable advancements of LLMs. The datasets serve as the foundational infrastructure analogous to a root system that sustains and nurtures the development of LLMs. Consequently, examination of these datasets emerges as a critical topic in research. In order to address the current lack of a comprehensive overview and thorough analysis of LLM datasets, and to gain insights into their current status and future trends, this survey consolidates and categorizes the fundamental aspects of LLM datasets from five perspectives: (1) Pre-training Corpora; (2) Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets; (3) Preference Datasets; (4) Evaluation Datasets; (5) Traditional Natural Language Processing (NLP) Datasets. The survey sheds light on the prevailing challenges and points out potential avenues for future investigation. Additionally, a comprehensive review of the existing available dataset resources is also provided, including statistics from 444 datasets, covering 8 language categories and spanning 32 domains. Information from 20 dimensions is incorporated into the dataset statistics. The total data size surveyed surpasses 774.5 TB for pre-training corpora and 700M instances for other datasets. We aim to present the entire landscape of LLM text datasets, serving as a comprehensive reference for researchers in this field and contributing to future studies.
Fig 1. The overall architecture of the survey. Zoom in for better view
## Dataset Information Module
The following is a summary of the dataset information module.
- Corpus/Dataset name
- Publisher
- Release Time
- “X” indicates unknown month.
- Size
- Public or Not
- “All” indicates full open source;
- “Partial” indicates partially open source;
- “Not” indicates not open source.
- License
- Language
- “EN” indicates English;
- “ZH” indicates Chinese;
- “AR” indicates Arabic;
- “ES” indicates Spanish;
- “RU” indicates Russian;
- “DE” indicates German;
- “KO” indicates Korean;
- “LT” indicates Lithuanian;
- “FA” indicates Persian/Farsi;
- “PL” indicates Programming Language;
- “Multi” indicates Multilingual, and the number in parentheses indicates the number of languages included.
- Construction Method
- “HG” indicates Human Generated Corpus/Dataset;
- “MC” indicates Model Constructed Corpus/Dataset;
- “CI” indicates Collection and Improvement of Existing Corpus/Dataset.
- Category
- Source
- Domain
- Instruction Category
- Preference Evaluation Method
- “VO” indicates Vote;
- “SO” indicates Sort;
- “SC” indicates Score;
- “-H” indicates Conducted by Humans;
- “-M” indicates Conducted by Models.
- Question Type
- “SQ” indicates Subjective Questions;
- “OQ” indicates Objective Questions;
- “Multi” indicates Multiple Question Types.
- Evaluation Method
- “CE” indicates Code Evaluation;
- “HE” indicates Human Evaluation;
- “ME” indicates Model Evaluation.
- Focus
- Numbers of Evaluation Categories/Subcategories
- Evaluation Category
- Number of Entity Categories (NER Task)
- Number of Relationship Categories (RE Task)
## Changelog
Click to expand and view hidden content.
- （2024/01/17）Create the **Awesome-LLMs-Datasets** dataset repository.
- （2024/02/02）Revise information for some datasets; add **[Dolma](https://browse.arxiv.org/abs/2402.00159)** (Pre-training Corpora | General Pre-training Corpora | Multi-category).
- （2024/02/15）Add **[Aya Collection](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.06619)** (Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | General Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | HG & CI & MC); **[Aya Dataset](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.06619)** (Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | General Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | HG).
- （2024/02/22）Add **[OpenMathInstruct-1](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.10176)** (Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | Domain-specific Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | Math); **[FinBen](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.12659)** (Evaluation Datasets | Financial).
- （2024/04/05）
- Add new dataset sections: **(1) Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) Datasets; (2) Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) Datasets**.
- Add **[MMRS-1M](https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.16822)** (MLLMs Datasets | Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets); **[VideoChat2-IT](https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.17005)** (MLLMs Datasets | Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets); **[InstructDoc](https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.13313)** (MLLMs Datasets | Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets); **[ALLaVA-4V Data](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.11684)** (MLLMs Datasets | Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets); **[MVBench](https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.17005)** (MLLMs Datasets | Evaluation Datasets); **[OlympiadBench](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.14008)** (MLLMs Datasets | Evaluation Datasets); **[MMMU](https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.16502)** (MLLMs Datasets | Evaluation Datasets).
- Add **[CLUE Benchmark Series](https://github.com/CLUEbenchmark)** (Evaluation Datasets | Evaluation Platform); **[OpenLLM Leaderboard](https://huggingface.co/spaces/HuggingFaceH4/open_llm_leaderboard)** (Evaluation Datasets | Evaluation Platform); **[OpenCompass](https://opencompass.org.cn/home)** (Evaluation Datasets | Evaluation Platform); **[MTEB Leaderboard](https://huggingface.co/spaces/mteb/leaderboard)** (Evaluation Datasets | Evaluation Platform); **[C-MTEB Leaderboard](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagEmbedding/tree/master/C_MTEB)** (Evaluation Datasets | Evaluation Platform).
- Add **[NAH (Needle-in-a-Haystack)](https://github.com/gkamradt/LLMTest_NeedleInAHaystack)** (Evaluation Datasets | Long Text); **[ToolEyes](https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.00741)** (Evaluation Datasets | Tool); **[UHGEval](https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.15296)** (Evaluation Datasets | Factuality); **[CLongEval](https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.03514)** (Evaluation Datasets | Long Text).
- Add **[MathPile](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.17120)** (Pre-training Corpora | Domain-specific Pre-training Corpora | Math); **[WanJuan-CC](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.19282)** (Pre-training Corpora | General Pre-training Corpora | Webpages).
- Add **[IEPile](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.14710)** (Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | General Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | CI); **[InstructIE](https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.11527)** (Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | General Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | HG).
- Add **[CRUD-RAG](https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.17043)** (RAG Datasets); **[WikiEval](https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.15217)** (RAG Datasets); **[RGB](https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.01431)** (RAG Datasets); **[RAG-Instruct-Benchmark-Tester](https://huggingface.co/datasets/llmware/rag_instruct_benchmark_tester)** (RAG Datasets); **[ARES](https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.09476)** (RAG Datasets).
- （2024/04/06）
- Add **[GPQA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.12022)** (Evaluation Datasets | Subject); **[MGSM](https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.03057)** (Evaluation Datasets | Multilingual); **[HaluEval-Wild](https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.04307)** (Evaluation Datasets | Factuality); **[CMATH](https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.16636)** (Evaluation Datasets | Subject); **[FineMath](https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.07747)** (Evaluation Datasets | Subject); **[RealTime QA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.13332)** (Evaluation Datasets | Factuality); **[WYWEB](https://aclanthology.org/2023.findings-acl.204/)** (Evaluation Datasets | Subject); **[ChineseFactEval](https://gair-nlp.github.io/ChineseFactEval/)** (Evaluation Datasets | Factuality); **[Counting-Stars](https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.11802)** (Evaluation Datasets | Long Text).
- Add **[SlimPajama](https://www.cerebras.net/blog/slimpajama-a-627b-token-cleaned-and-deduplicated-version-of-redpajama)** (Pre-training Corpora | General Pre-training Corpora | Multi-category); **[MassiveText](https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.11446)** (Pre-training Corpora | General Pre-training Corpora | Multi-category); **[MADLAD-400](https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.04662)** (Pre-training Corpora | General Pre-training Corpora | Webpages); **[Minerva](https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.14858)** (Pre-training Corpora | General Pre-training Corpora | Multi-category); **[CCAligned](https://aclanthology.org/2020.emnlp-main.480/)** (Pre-training Corpora | General Pre-training Corpora | Parallel Corpus); **[WikiMatrix](https://aclanthology.org/2021.eacl-main.115/)** (Pre-training Corpora | General Pre-training Corpora | Parallel Corpus); **[OpenWebMath](https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.06786)** (Pre-training Corpora | Domain-specific Pre-training Corpora | Math).
- Add **[WebQuestions](https://aclanthology.org/D13-1160.pdf)** (Traditional NLP Datasets | Question Answering | Knowledge QA).
- Add **[ALCE](https://aclanthology.org/2023.emnlp-main.398/)** (RAG Datasets).
- Add **[AlphaFin](https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.12582)** (Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | Domain-specific Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | Other); **[COIG-CQIA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.18058)** (Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | General Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | HG & CI).
- （2024/06/15）
- Add **[CLUE](https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.04067)** (Evaluation Datasets | Medical); **[CHC-Bench](https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.04167)** (Evaluation Datasets | General); **[CIF-Bench](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.13109)** (Evaluation Datasets | General); **[ACLUE](https://aclanthology.org/2023.alp-1.9/)** (Evaluation Datasets | Subject); **[LeSC](https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.05741)** (Evaluation Datasets | NLU); **[AlignBench](https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.18743)** (Evaluation Datasets | Multitask); **[SciKnowEval](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.09098)** (Evaluation Datasets | Subject).
- Add **[MAP-CC](https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.04167)** (Pre-training Corpora | General Pre-training Corpora | Multi-category); **[FineWeb](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb)** (Pre-training Corpora | General Pre-training Corpora | Webpages); **[CCI 2.0](https://huggingface.co/datasets/BAAI/CCI2-Data)** (Pre-training Corpora | General Pre-training Corpora | Webpages).
- Add **[WildChat](https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.01470)** (Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | General Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | MC).
- Add **[OpenHermesPreferences](https://huggingface.co/datasets/argilla/OpenHermesPreferences)** (Preference Datasets | Sort); **[huozi_rlhf_data](https://github.com/HIT-SCIR/huozi/blob/main/data/huozi-rlhf/huozi_rlhf_data.csv)** (Preference Datasets | Vote); **[HelpSteer](https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.09528)** (Preference Datasets | Score); **[HelpSteer2](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.08673)** (Preference Datasets | Score).
- Add **[MMT-Bench](https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.16006)** (MLLMs Datasets | Evaluation Datasets); **[mOSCAR](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.08707)** (MLLMs Datasets | Pre-training Corpora); **[MM-NIAH](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.07230)** (MLLMs Datasets | Evaluation Datasets).
- Add **[CRAG](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.04744)** (RAG Datasets).
- （2024/08/29）
- Add **[GameBench](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.06613)** (Evaluation Datasets | Reasoning); **[HalluDial](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.07070)** (Evaluation Datasets | Factuality); **[WildBench](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.04770)** (Evaluation Datasets | General); **[DomainEval](https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.13204)** (Evaluation Datasets | Code); **[SysBench](https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.10943)** (Evaluation Datasets | General); **[KoBEST](https://aclanthology.org/2022.coling-1.325/)** (Evaluation Datasets | NLU); **[SarcasmBench](https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.11319)** (Evaluation Datasets | NLU); **[C3 Bench](https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.17732)** (Evaluation Datasets | Subject); **[TableBench](https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2408.09174)** (Evaluation Datasets | Reasoning); **[ArabLegalEval](https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2408.07983)** (Evaluation Datasets | Law).
- Add **[MultiTrust](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.07057)** (MLLMs Datasets | Evaluation Datasets); **[OBELISC](https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.16527)** (MLLMs Datasets | Pre-training Corpora); **[MultiMed](https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2408.12682)** (MLLMs Datasets | Evaluation Datasets).
- Add **[DCLM](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.11794)** (Pre-training Corpora | General Pre-training Corpora | Webpages).
- Add **[Lithuanian-QA-v1](https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2408.12963)** (Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | General Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | CI & MC); **[REInstruct](https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2408.10663)** (Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | General Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | HG & CI & MC); **[KoLLM-Converations](https://huggingface.co/datasets/davidkim205/kollm-converations)** (Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | General Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | CI).
- （2024/09/04）
- Add **[LongWriter-6K](https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.07055)** (Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | General Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | CI & MC).
- Add **[MedTrinity-25M](https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2408.02900)** (MLLMs Datasets | Evaluation Datasets); **[MMIU](https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2408.02718)** (MLLMs Datasets | Evaluation Datasets).
- Add **[Expository-Prose-V1](https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2408.03506)** (Pre-training Corpora | General Pre-training Corpora | Multi-category).
- Add **[DebateQA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.01419)** (Evaluation Datasets | Knowledge); **[NeedleBench](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.11963)** (Evaluation Datasets | Long Text); **[ArabicMMLU](https://aclanthology.org/2024.findings-acl.334/)** (Evaluation Datasets | Subject); **[PersianMMLU](https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.06644)** (Evaluation Datasets | Subject); **[TMMLU+](https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.01858)** (Evaluation Datasets | Subject).
- Add **[RAGEval](https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.01262)** (RAG Datasets); **[LFRQA](https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2407.13998)** (RAG Datasets); **[MultiHop-RAG](https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.15391)** (RAG Datasets).
- （2024/12/14）
- Add **[Future-Idea-Generation](https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.06185)** (Evaluation Datasets | Other); **[WenMind](https://openreview.net/pdf?id=0G5OK5vmmg)** (Evaluation Datasets | Subject); **[Chinese SimpleQA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.07140)** (Evaluation Datasets | Knowledge).
- Add **[MME-RealWorld](https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.13257)** (MLLMs Datasets | Evaluation Datasets); **[II-Bench](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.05862)** (MLLMs Datasets | Evaluation Datasets); **[CII-Bench](https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.13854)** (MLLMs Datasets | Evaluation Datasets); **[ALM-Bench](https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.16508)** (MLLMs Datasets | Evaluation Datasets).
- Add **[MaLA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.17892)** (Pre-training Corpora | General Pre-training Corpora | Multi-category); **[CCI3.0-HQ](https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.18505)** (Pre-training Corpora | General Pre-training Corpora | Multi-category); **[GlotCC](https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.23825)** (Pre-training Corpora | General Pre-training Corpora | Webpages); **[ChineseWebText 2.0](https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.19668)** (Pre-training Corpora | General Pre-training Corpora | Webpages); **[ChineseWebText 1.0](https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.01149)** (Pre-training Corpora | General Pre-training Corpora | Webpages); **[SkyPile](https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.19341)** (Pre-training Corpora | General Pre-training Corpora | Webpages).
- Add **[ViDoRe](https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.01449)** (RAG Datasets); **[M2KR](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.08327)** (RAG Datasets); **[M-BEIR](https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.17136)** (RAG Datasets); **[MRAG-Bench](https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.08182)** (RAG Datasets).
- Add **[SlimOrca](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Open-Orca/SlimOrca)** (Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | General Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | CI & MC); **[GPTeacher](https://huggingface.co/datasets/teknium/GPTeacher-General-Instruct)** (Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | General Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | MC); **[OrcaMathWordProblems](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.14830)** (Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | Domain-specific Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | Math); **[MathInstruct](https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.05653)** (Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | Domain-specific Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | Math); **[MetaMathQA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.12284)** (Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | Domain-specific Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | Math); **[Magicoder-OSS-Instruct-75K](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.02120)** (Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | Domain-specific Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets | Code).
- Add **[UltraInteract](https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.02078)** (Preference Datasets | Other).
- （2025/03/25）Add **[GneissWeb](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.14907)** (Pre-training Corpora | General Pre-training Corpora | Webpages).
- We will release the dataset information in CSV format (2025).
## Table of Contents
- **[Pre-training Corpora](#pre-training-corpora)**
- [General Pre-training Corpora](#general-pre-training-corpora)
- [Webpages](#webpages)
- [Language Texts](#language-texts)
- [Books](#books)
- [Academic Materials](#academic-materials)
- [Code](#code01)
- [Parallel Corpus](#parallel-corpus)
- [Social Media](#social-media)
- [Encyclopedia](#encyclopedia)
- [Multi-category](#multi-category)
- [Domain-specific Pre-training Corpora](#domain-specific-pre-training-corpora)
- [Financial](#financial01)
- [Medical](#medical01)
- [Math](#math03)
- [Other](#other01)
- **[Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets](#instruction-fine-tuning-datasets)**
- [General Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets](#general-instruction-fine-tuning-datasets)
- [Human Generated Datasets (HG)](#human-generated-datasets-hg)
- [Model Constructed Datasets (MC)](#model-constructed-datasets-mc)
- [Collection and Improvement of Existing Datasets (CI)](#collection-and-improvement-of-existing-datasets-ci)
- [HG & CI](#hg--ci)
- [HG & MC](#hg--mc)
- [CI & MC](#ci--mc)
- [HG & CI & MC](#hg--ci--mc)
- [Domain-specific Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets](#domain-specific-instruction-fine-tuning-datasets)
- [Medical](#medical02)
- [Code](#code02)
- [Legal](#legal)
- [Math](#math01)
- [Education](#education)
- [Other](#other02)
- **[Preference Datasets](#preference-datasets)**
- [Preference Evaluation Methods](#preference-evaluation-methods)
- [Vote](#vote)
- [Sort](#sort)
- [Score](#score)
- [Other](#other03)
- **[Evaluation Datasets](#evaluation-datasets)**
- [General](#general)
- [Exam](#exam)
- [Subject](#subject)
- [NLU](#nlu)
- [Reasoning](#reasoning)
- [Knowledge](#knowledge)
- [Long Text](#long-text)
- [Tool](#tool)
- [Agent](#agent)
- [Code](#code03)
- [OOD](#ood)
- [Law](#law)
- [Medical](#medical03)
- [Financial](#financial02)
- [Social Norms](#social-norms)
- [Factuality](#factuality)
- [Evaluation](#evaluation)
- [Multitask](#multitask01)
- [Multilingual](#multilingual)
- [Other](#other04)
- [Evaluation Platform](#evaluation-platform)
- **[Traditional NLP Datasets](#traditional-nlp-datasets)**
- [Question Answering](#question-answering)
- [Reading Comprehension](#reading-comprehension)
- [Selection & Judgment](#selection--judgment)
- [Cloze Test](#cloze-test)
- [Answer Extraction](#answer-extraction)
- [Unrestricted QA](#unrestricted-qa)
- [Knowledge QA](#knowledge-qa)
- [Reasoning QA](#reasoning-qa)
- [Recognizing Textual Entailment](#recognizing-textual-entailment)
- [Math](#math02)
- [Coreference Resolution](#coreference-resolution)
- [Sentiment Analysis](#sentiment-analysis)
- [Semantic Matching](#semantic-matching)
- [Text Generation](#text-generation)
- [Text Translation](#text-translation)
- [Text Summarization](#text-summarization)
- [Text Classification](#text-classification)
- [Text Quality Evaluation](#text-quality-evaluation)
- [Text-to-Code](#text-to-code)
- [Named Entity Recognition](#named-entity-recognition)
- [Relation Extraction](#relation-extraction)
- [Multitask](#multitask02)
- **[Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) Datasets](#multi-modal-large-language-models-mllms-datasets)**
- [Pre-training Corpora](#mllmpre)
- [Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets](#instruction02)
- [Evaluation Datasets](#evaluation02)
- **[Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) Datasets](#retrieval-augmented-generation-rag-datasets)**
## Pre-training Corpora
The pre-training corpora are large collections of text data used during the pre-training process of LLMs.
### General Pre-training Corpora
The general pre-training corpora are large-scale datasets composed of extensive text from diverse domains and sources. Their primary characteristic is that the text content is not confined to a single domain, making them more suitable for training general foundational models. **Corpora are classified based on data categories.**
**Dataset information format：**
```
- Dataset name Release Time | Public or Not | Language | Construction Method | Paper | Github | Dataset | Website
- Publisher:
- Size:
- License:
- Source:
```
#### Webpages
- **CC-Stories 2018-6 | Not | EN | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1806.02847.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/tensorflow/models/tree/archive/research/lm_commonsense) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/spacemanidol/cc-stories)**
- Publisher: Google Brain
- Size: 31 GB
- License: -
- Source: Common Crawl
- **CC100 2020-7 | All | Multi (100) | CI | [Paper](https://aclanthology.org/2020.acl-main.747.pdf) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/cc100)**
- Publisher: Facebook AI
- Size: 2.5 TB
- License: Common Crawl Terms of Use
- Source: Common Crawl
- **CLUECorpus2020 2020-3 | All | ZH | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.01355.pdf) | [Dataset](https://github.com/CLUEbenchmark/CLUECorpus2020)**
- Publisher: CLUE Organization
- Size: 100 GB
- License: MIT
- Source: Common Crawl
- **Common Crawl 2007-X | All | Multi | HG | [Website](https://commoncrawl.org/)**
- Publisher: Common Crawl
- Size: -
- License: Common Crawl Terms of Use
- Source: Web crawler data
- **CulturaX 2023-9 | All | Multi (167) | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.09400.pdf) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/uonlp/CulturaX)**
- Publisher: University of Oregon et al.
- Size: 27 TB
- License: mC4 & OSCAR license
- Source: mC4, OSCAR
- **C4 2019-10 | All | EN | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.10683.pdf) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/c4)**
- Publisher: Google Research
- Size: 12.68 TB
- License: ODC-BY & Common Crawl Terms of Use
- Source: Common Crawl
- **mC4 2021-6 | All | Multi (108) | CI | [Paper](https://aclanthology.org/2021.naacl-main.41.pdf) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/mc4)**
- Publisher: Google Research
- Size: 251 GB
- License: ODC-BY & Common Crawl Terms of Use
- Source: Common Crawl
- **OSCAR 22.01 2022-1 | All | Multi (151) | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2201.06642.pdf) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/oscar-corpus/OSCAR-2201) | [Website](https://oscar-project.org/)**
- Publisher: Inria
- Size: 8.41 TB
- License: CC0
- Source: Common Crawl
- **RealNews 2019-5 | All | EN | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.12616) | [Github](https://github.com/rowanz/grover)**
- Publisher: University of Washington et al.
- Size: 120 GB
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Common Crawl
- **RedPajama-V2 2023-10 | All | Multi (5) | CI | [Github](https://github.com/togethercomputer/RedPajama-Data) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/togethercomputer/RedPajama-Data-V2) | [Website](https://together.ai/blog/redpajama-data-v2)**
- Publisher: Together Computer
- Size: 30.4 T Tokens
- License: Common Crawl Terms of Use
- Source: Common Crawl, C4, etc.
- **RefinedWeb 2023-6 | Partial | EN | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.01116.pdf) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/tiiuae/falcon-refinedweb)**
- Publisher: The Falcon LLM team
- Size: 5000 GB
- License: ODC-BY-1.0
- Source: Common Crawl
- **WuDaoCorpora-Text 2021-6 | Partial | ZH | HG | [Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666651021000152) | [Dataset](https://data.baai.ac.cn/details/WuDaoCorporaText)**
- Publisher: BAAI et al.
- Size: 200 GB
- License: MIT
- Source: Chinese webpages
- **WanJuan-CC 2024-2 | Partial | EN | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.19282) | [Dataset](https://opendatalab.org.cn/OpenDataLab/WanJuanCC)**
- Publisher: Shanghai Artifcial Intelligence Laboratory
- Size: 1 T Tokens
- License: CC-BY-4.0
- Source: Common Crawl
- **MADLAD-400 2023-9 | All | Multi (419) | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.04662) | [Github](https://github.com/google-research/google-research/tree/master/madlad_400) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/MADLAD-400)**
- Publisher: Google DeepMind et al.
- Size: 2.8 T Tokens
- License: ODL-BY
- Source: Common Crawl
- **FineWeb 2024-4 | All | EN | CI | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb)**
- Publisher: HuggingFaceFW
- Size: 15 TB Tokens
- License: ODC-BY-1.0
- Source: Common Crawl
- **CCI 2.0 2024-4 | All | ZH | HG | [Dataset1](https://huggingface.co/datasets/BAAI/CCI2-Data) | [Dataset2](http://open.flopsera.com/flopsera-open/details/BAAI-CCI2)**
- Publisher: BAAI
- Size: 501 GB
- License: CCI Usage Aggrement
- Source: Chinese webpages
- **DCLM 2024-6 | All | EN | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.11794) | [Github](https://github.com/mlfoundations/dclm) | [Dataset](http://data.commoncrawl.org/contrib/datacomp/index.html) | [Website](https://www.datacomp.ai/dclm/)**
- Publisher: University of Washington et al.
- Size: 279.6 TB
- License: Common Crawl Terms of Use
- Source: Common Crawl
- **GlotCC 2024-10 | All | Multi (1275) | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.23825) | [Github](https://github.com/cisnlp/GlotCC) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/cis-lmu/GlotCC-V1)**
- Publisher: LMU Munich & Munich Center for Machine Learning et al.
- Size: 2 TB
- License: Common Crawl Terms of Use
- Source: Common Crawl
- **ChineseWebText 2.0 2024-11 | All | ZH | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.19668) | [Github](https://github.com/CASIA-LM/ChineseWebText-2.0) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/CASIA-LM/ChineseWebText2.0)**
- Publisher: Chinese Academy of Sciences et al.
- Size: 3.8 TB
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: MAP-CC, WanJuan, WuDao, etc.
- **ChineseWebText 1.0 2023-11 | All | ZH | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.01149) | [Github](https://github.com/CASIA-LM/ChineseWebText) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/CASIA-LM/ChineseWebText)**
- Publisher: Chinese Academy of Sciences et al.
- Size: 1.42 TB
- License: -
- Source: Common Crawl
- **SkyPile 2023-10 | Partial | ZH | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.19341) | [Github](https://github.com/SkyworkAI/Skywork) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Skywork/SkyPile-150B)**
- Publisher: Kunlun Inc
- Size: 150 B Tokens
- License: Skywork Community License
- Source: Publicly accessible Chinese Internet webpages
- **GneissWeb 2025-2 | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.14907) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ibm-granite/GneissWeb)**
- Publisher: IBM Research et al.
#### Language Texts
- **ANC 2003-X | All | EN | HG | [Website](https://anc.org/)**
- Publisher: The US National Science Foundation et al.
- Size: -
- License: -
- Source: American English texts
- **BNC 1994-X | All | EN | HG | [Website](http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk/)**
- Publisher: Oxford University Press et al.
- Size: 4124 Texts
- License: -
- Source: British English texts
- **News-crawl 2019-1 | All | Multi (59) | HG | [Dataset](https://data.statmt.org/news-crawl/)**
- Publisher: UKRI et al.
- Size: 110 GB
- License: CC0
- Source: Newspapers
#### Books
- **Anna’s Archive 2023-X | All | Multi | HG | [Website](https://annas-archive.org/datasets)**
- Publisher: Anna
- Size: 586.3 TB
- License: -
- Source: Sci-Hub, Library Genesis, Z-Library, etc.
- **BookCorpusOpen 2021-5 | All | EN | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.05241.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/jackbandy/bookcorpus-datasheet) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bookcorpusopen)**
- Publisher: Jack Bandy et al.
- Size: 17,868 Books
- License: Smashwords Terms of Service
- Source: Toronto Book Corpus
- **PG-19 2019-11 | All | EN | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.05507.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/google-deepmind/pg19) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/pg19)**
- Publisher: DeepMind
- Size: 11.74 GB
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Project Gutenberg
- **Project Gutenberg 1971-X | All | Multi | HG | [Website](https://www.gutenberg.org/)**
- Publisher: Ibiblio et al.
- Size: -
- License: The Project Gutenberg
- Source: Ebook data
- **Smashwords 2008-X | All | Multi | HG | [Website](https://www.smashwords.com/)**
- Publisher: Draft2Digital et al.
- Size: -
- License: Smashwords Terms of Service
- Source: Ebook data
- **Toronto Book Corpus 2015-6 | Not | EN | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1506.06724.pdf) | [Website](https://yknzhu.wixsite.com/mbweb)**
- Publisher: University of Toronto et al.
- Size: 11,038 Books
- License: MIT & Smashwords Terms of Service
- Source: Smashwords
#### Academic Materials
- **arXiv 1991-X | All | EN | HG | [Website](https://arxiv.org/)**
- Publisher: Paul Ginsparg et al.
- Size: -
- License: Terms of Use for arXiv APIs
- Source: arXiv preprint
- **S2ORC 2020-6 | All | EN | CI | [Paper](https://aclanthology.org/2020.acl-main.447.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/allenai/s2orc)**
- Publisher: AI2 et al.
- Size: 81.1 MB
- License: ODC-BY-1.0
- Source: MAG, arXiv, PubMed, etc.
- **BIGQUERY 2022-3 | Not | PL | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.13474.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/salesforce/CodeGen)**
- Publisher: Salesforce Research
- Size: 341.1 GB
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: BigQuery
- **Github 2008-4 | All | PL | HG | [Website](https://github.com/)**
- Publisher: Microsoft
- Size: -
- License: -
- Source: Various code projects
- **phi-1 2023-6 | Not | EN & PL | HG & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.11644.pdf) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/teleprint-me/phi-1)**
- Publisher: Microsoft Research
- Size: 7 B Tokens
- License: CC-BY-NC-SA-3.0
- Source: The Stack, StackOverflow, GPT-3.5 Generation
- **The Stack 2022-11 | All | PL (358) | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.15533.pdf) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bigcode/the-stack)**
- Publisher: ServiceNow Research et al.
- Size: 6 TB
- License: The Terms of the Original Licenses
- Source: Permissively-licensed source code files
#### Parallel Corpus
- **MTP 2023-9 | All | EN & ZH | HG & CI | [Dataset](https://data.baai.ac.cn/details/BAAI-MTP)**
- Publisher: BAAI
- Size: 1.3 TB
- License: BAAI Data Usage Protocol
- Source: Chinese-English parallel text pairs on the web
- **MultiUN 2010-5 | All | Multi (7) | HG | [Paper](http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2010/pdf/686_Paper.pdf) | [Website](https://www.euromatrixplus.net/multi-un/)**
- Publisher: German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) GmbH
- Size: 4353 MB
- License: -
- Source: United Nations documents
- **ParaCrawl 2020-7 | All | Multi (42) | HG | [Paper](https://aclanthology.org/2020.acl-main.417.pdf) | [Website](https://paracrawl.eu/)**
- Publisher: Prompsit et al.
- Size: 59996 Files
- License: CC0
- Source: Web crawler data
- **UNCorpus v1.0 2016-5 | All | Multi (6) | HG | [Paper](https://conferences.unite.un.org/UNCorpus/Content/Doc/un.pdf) | [Website](https://conferences.unite.un.org/UNCorpus)**
- Publisher: United Nations et al.
- Size: 799276 Files
- License: -
- Source: United Nations documents
- **CCAligned 2020-11 | All | Multi (138) | HG | [Paper](https://aclanthology.org/2020.emnlp-main.480/) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccaligned_multilingual)**
- Publisher: Facebook AI et al.
- Size: 392 M URL pairs
- License: -
- Source: Common Crawl
- **WikiMatrix 2021-4 | All | Multi (85) | HG | [Paper](https://aclanthology.org/2021.eacl-main.115/) | [Github](https://github.com/facebookresearch/LASER/tree/main/tasks/WikiMatrix) | [Dataset](https://github.com/facebookresearch/LASER/tree/main/tasks/WikiMatrix)**
- Publisher: Facebook AI et al.
- Size: 134 M parallel sentences
- License: CC-BY-SA
- Source: Wikipedia
#### Social Media
- **OpenWebText 2019-4 | All | EN | HG | [Website](https://skylion007.github.io/OpenWebTextCorpus/)**
- Publisher: Brown University
- Size: 38 GB
- License: CC0
- Source: Reddit
- **Pushshift Reddit 2020-1 | All | EN | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.08435.pdf) | [Website](https://files.pushshift.io/reddit/)**
- Publisher: Pushshift.io et al.
- Size: 2 TB
- License: -
- Source: Reddit
- **Reddit 2005-6 | All | EN | HG | [Website](www.reddit.com)**
- Publisher: Condé Nast Digital et al.
- Size: -
- License: -
- Source: Social media posts
- **StackExchange 2008-9 | All | EN | HG | [Dataset](https://archive.org/download/stackexchange) | [Website](https://stackexchange.com/)**
- Publisher: Stack Exchange
- Size: -
- License: CC-BY-SA-4.0
- Source: Community question and answer data
- **WebText 2019-2 | Partial | EN | HG | [Paper](https://insightcivic.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/language-models.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/openai/gpt-2) | [Dataset](https://github.com/openai/gpt-2-output-dataset)**
- Publisher: OpenAI
- Size: 40 GB
- License: MIT
- Source: Reddit
- **Zhihu 2011-1 | All | ZH | HG | [Website](https://www.zhihu.com/)**
- Publisher: Beijing Zhizhe Tianxia Technology Co., Ltd
- Size: -
- License: Zhihu User Agreement
- Source: Social media posts
#### Encyclopedia
- **Baidu baike 2008-4 | All | ZH | HG | [Website](https://baike.baidu.com/)**
- Publisher: Baidu
- Size: -
- License: Baidu baike User Agreement
- Source: Encyclopedic content data
- **TigerBot-wiki 2023-5 | All | ZH | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.08688) | [Github](https://github.com/TigerResearch/TigerBot) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/TigerResearch/tigerbot-wiki-plugin)**
- Publisher: TigerBot
- Size: 205 MB
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Baidu baike
- **Wikipedia 2001-1 | All | Multi | HG | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/wikipedia) | [Website](https://dumps.wikimedia.org/)**
- Publisher: Wikimedia Foundation
- Size: -
- License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 & GFDL
- Source: Encyclopedic content data
#### Multi-category
- **ArabicText 2022 2022-12 | All | AR | HG & CI | [Dataset](https://data.baai.ac.cn/details/ArabicText-2022)**
- Publisher: BAAI et al.
- Size: 201.9 GB
- License: CC-BY-SA-4.0
- Source: ArabicWeb, OSCAR, CC100, etc.
- **MNBVC 2023-1 | All | ZH | HG & CI | [Github](https://github.com/esbatmop/MNBVC) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/liwu/MNBVC)**
- Publisher: Liwu Community
- Size: 20811 GB
- License: MIT
- Source: Chinese books, webpages, theses, etc.
- **RedPajama-V1 2023-4 | All | Multi | HG & CI | [Github](https://github.com/togethercomputer/RedPajama-Data) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/togethercomputer/RedPajama-Data-1T)**
- Publisher: Together Computer
- Size: 1.2 T Tokens
- License: -
- Source: Common Crawl, Github, books, etc.
- **ROOTS 2023-3 | Partial | Multi (59) | HG & CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.03915.pdf) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/bigscience-data)**
- Publisher: Hugging Face et al.
- Size: 1.61 TB
- License: BLOOM Open-RAIL-M
- Source: OSCAR, Github, etc.
- **The Pile 2021-1 | All | EN | HG & CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.00027.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/EleutherAI/the-pile) | [Dataset](https://pile.eleuther.ai/)**
- Publisher: EleutherAI
- Size: 825.18 GB
- License: MIT
- Source: Books, arXiv, Github, etc.
- **TigerBot_pretrain_en 2023-5 | Partial | EN | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.08688) | [Github](https://github.com/TigerResearch/TigerBot) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/TigerResearch/pretrain_en)**
- Publisher: TigerBot
- Size: 51 GB
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: English books, webpages, en-wiki, etc
- **TigerBot_pretrain_zh 2023-5 | Partial | ZH | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.08688) | [Github](https://github.com/TigerResearch/TigerBot) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/TigerResearch/pretrain_zh)**
- Publisher: TigerBot
- Size: 55 GB
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Chinese books, webpages, zh-wiki, etc.
- **WanJuanText-1.0 2023-8 | All | ZH | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2308.10755.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/opendatalab/WanJuan1.0) | [Dataset](https://opendatalab.org.cn/WanJuan1.0)**
- Publisher: Shanghai AI Laboratory
- Size: 1094 GB
- License: CC-BY-4.0
- Source: Webpages, Encyclopedia, Books, etc
- **Dolma 2024-1 | All | EN | HG & CI | [Paper](https://browse.arxiv.org/abs/2402.00159) | [Github](https://github.com/allenai/dolma) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/dolma)**
- Publisher: AI2 et al.
- Size: 11519 GB
- License: MR Agreement
- Source: Project Gutenberg, C4, Reddit, etc.
- **SlimPajama 2023-6 | All | EN | HG & CI | [Github](https://github.com/Cerebras/modelzoo/tree/main/modelzoo/transformers/data_processing/slimpajama) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/cerebras/SlimPajama-627B) | [Website](https://www.cerebras.net/blog/slimpajama-a-627b-token-cleaned-and-deduplicated-version-of-redpajama)**
- Publisher: Cerebras et al.
- Size: 627 B Tokens
- License: -
- Source: Common Crawl, C4, Github, etc.
- **MassiveText 2021-12 | Not | Multi | HG & CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.11446)**
- Publisher: Google DeepMind
- Size: 10.5 TB
- License: -
- Source: MassiveWeb, C4, books, etc.
- **Minerva 2022-6 | Not | EN | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.14858)**
- Publisher: Google Research
- Size: 38.5 B Tokens
- License: -
- Source: arXiv, Webpages, etc.
- **MAP-CC 2024-4 | All | ZH | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.04167) | [Github](https://github.com/Chinese-Tiny-LLM/Chinese-Tiny-LLM) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/m-a-p/MAP-CC) | [Website](https://chinese-tiny-llm.github.io/)**
- Publisher: Multimodal Art Projection Research Community et al.
- Size: 840.48 B Token
- License: CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0
- Source: Chinese Common Crawl, Chinese Encyclopedias, Chinese Books etc.
- **Expository-Prose-V1 2024-8 | All | EN | HG & CI | [Paper](https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2408.03506) | [Github](https://github.com/Pints-AI/1.5-Pints) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/pints-ai/Expository-Prose-V1)**
- Publisher: Pints.ai Labs
- Size: 56 B Tokens
- License: MIT
- Source: ArXiv, Wikipedia, Gutenberg, etc.
- **MaLA 2024-9 | All | Multi (939) | HG & CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.17892) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/collections/MaLA-LM/mala-corpus-66e05127641a51de34d39529)**
- Publisher: University of Helsinki et al.
- Size: 74 B Tokens
- License: ODC-BY
- Source: CC100, CulturaX, MADLAD-400 etc.
- **CCI3.0-HQ 2024-9 | All | ZH | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.18505) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/BAAI/CCI3-HQ)**
- Publisher: BAAI
- Size: 500 GB
- License: BAAI Data Usage Protocol
- Source: News, Social media, Blogs, etc.
### Domain-specific Pre-training Corpora
Domain-specific pre-training corpora are LLM datasets customized for specific fields or topics. The type of corpus is typically employed in the incremental pre-training phase of LLMs. **Corpora are classified based on data domains.**
**Dataset information format：**
```
- Dataset name Release Time | Public or Not | Language | Construction Method | Paper | Github | Dataset | Website
- Publisher:
- Size:
- License:
- Source:
- Category:
- Domain:
```
- **BBT-FinCorpus 2023-2 | Partial | ZH | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.09432.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/ssymmetry/BBT-FinCUGE-Applications) | [Website](https://bbt.ssymmetry.com/index.html)**
- Publisher: Fudan University et al.
- Size: 256 GB
- License: -
- Source: Company announcements, research reports, financial
- Category: Multi
- Domain: Finance
- **FinCorpus 2023-9 | All | ZH | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.12002.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/Duxiaoman-DI/XuanYuan) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Duxiaoman-DI/FinCorpus)**
- Publisher: Du Xiaoman
- Size: 60.36 GB
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Company announcements, financial news, financial exam questions
- Category: Multi
- Domain: Finance
- **FinGLM 2023-7 | All | ZH | HG | [Github](https://github.com/MetaGLM/FinGLM)**
- Publisher: Knowledge Atlas et al.
- Size: 69 GB
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Annual Reports of Listed Companies
- Category: Language Texts
- Domain: Finance
- **TigerBot-earning 2023-5 | All | ZH | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.08688) | [Github](https://github.com/TigerResearch/TigerBot) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/TigerResearch/tigerbot-earning-plugin)**
- Publisher: TigerBot
- Size: 488 MB
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Financial reports
- Category: Language Texts
- Domain: Finance
- **TigerBot-research 2023-5 | All | ZH | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.08688) | [Github](https://github.com/TigerResearch/TigerBot) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/TigerResearch/tigerbot-research-plugin)**
- Publisher: TigerBot
- Size: 696 MB
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Research reports
- Category: Language Texts
- Domain: Finance
- **Medical-pt 2023-5 | All | ZH | CI | [Github](https://github.com/shibing624/MedicalGPT) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/shibing624/medical)**
- Publisher: Ming Xu
- Size: 632.78 MB
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Medical encyclopedia data, medical textbooks
- Category: Multi
- Domain: Medical
- **PubMed Central 2000-2 | All | EN | HG | [Website](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/)**
- Publisher: NCBI
- Size: -
- License: PMC Copyright Notice
- Source: Biomedical scientific literature
- Category: Academic Materials
- Domain: Medical
- **Proof-Pile-2 2023-10 | All | EN | HG & CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.10631.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/EleutherAI/math-lm) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/EleutherAI/proof-pile-2) | [Website](https://blog.eleuther.ai/llemma/)**
- Publisher: Princeton University et al.
- Size: 55 B Tokens
- License: -
- Source: ArXiv, OpenWebMath, AlgebraicStack
- Category: Multi
- Domain: Mathematics
- **MathPile 2023-12 | All | EN | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.17120) | [Github](https://github.com/GAIR-NLP/MathPile) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/GAIR/MathPile)**
- Publisher: Shanghai Jiao Tong University et al.
- Size: 9.5 B Tokens
- License: CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0
- Source: Textbooks, Wikipedia, ProofWiki, CommonCrawl, StackExchange, arXiv
- Category: Multi
- Domain: Mathematics
- **OpenWebMath 2023-10 | All | EN | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.06786) | [Github](https://github.com/keirp/OpenWebMath) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/open-web-math/open-web-math)**
- Publisher: University of Toronto et al.
- Size: 14.7 B Tokens
- License: ODC-BY-1.0
- Source: Common Crawl
- Category: Webpages
- Domain: Mathematics
- **TigerBot-law 2023-5 | All | ZH | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.08688) | [Github](https://github.com/TigerResearch/TigerBot) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/TigerResearch/tigerbot-law-plugin)**
- Publisher: TigerBot
- Size: 29.9 MB
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Legal clauses
- Category: Language Texts
- Domain: Law
- **TransGPT-pt 2023-7 | All | ZH | HG | [Github](https://github.com/DUOMO/TransGPT) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/DUOMO-Lab/TransGPT-pt)**
- Publisher: Beijing Jiaotong University
- Size: 35.8 MB
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Technology documents, engineering construction information, statistical data, etc.
- Category: Multi
- Domain: Transportation
## Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets
The instruction fine-tuning datasets consists of a series of text pairs comprising “instruction inputs” and “answer outputs.” “Instruction inputs” represent requests made by humans to the model. There are various types of instructions, such as classification, summarization, paraphrasing, etc. “Answer outputs” are the responses generated by the model following the instruction and aligning with human expectations.
### General Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets
General instruction fine-tuning datasets contain one or more instruction categories with no domain restrictions, primarily aiming to enhance the instruction-following capability of LLMs in general tasks. **Datasets are classified based on construction methods.**
**Dataset information format：**
```
- Dataset name Release Time | Public or Not | Language | Construction Method | Paper | Github | Dataset | Website
- Publisher:
- Size:
- License:
- Source:
- Instruction Category:
```
#### Human Generated Datasets (HG)
- **databricks-dolly-15K 2023-4 | All | EN | HG | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/databricks/databricks-dolly-15k) | [Website](https://www.databricks.com/blog/2023/04/12/dolly-first-open-commercially-viable-instruction-tuned-llm)**
- Publisher: Databricks
- Size: 15011 instances
- License: CC-BY-SA-3.0
- Source: Manually generated based on different instruction categories
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **InstructionWild_v2 2023-6 | All | EN & ZH | HG | [Github](https://github.com/XueFuzhao/InstructionWild)**
- Publisher: National University of Singapore
- Size: 110K instances
- License: -
- Source: Collected on the web
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **LCCC 2020-8 | All | ZH | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.03946.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/thu-coai/CDial-GPT)**
- Publisher: Tsinghua University et al.
- Size: 12M instances
- License: MIT
- Source: Crawl user interactions on social media
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **OASST1 2023-4 | All | Multi (35) | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.11235.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/imoneoi/openchat) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/openchat)**
- Publisher: OpenAssistant
- Size: 161443 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Generated and annotated by humans
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **OL-CC 2023-6 | All | ZH | HG | [Dataset](https://data.baai.ac.cn/details/OL-CC)**
- Publisher: BAAI
- Size: 11655 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Generated and annotated by humans
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **Zhihu-KOL 2023-3 | All | ZH | HG | [Github](https://github.com/wangrui6/Zhihu-KOL) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/wangrui6/Zhihu-KOL)**
- Publisher: wangrui6
- Size: 1006218 instances
- License: MIT
- Source: Crawl from Zhihu
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **Aya Dataset 2024-2 | All | Multi (65) | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.06619) | [Dataset](https://hf.co/datasets/CohereForAI/aya_dataset) | [Website](https://aya.for.ai)**
- Publisher: Cohere For AI Community et al.
- Size: 204K instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Manually collected and annotated via the Aya Annotation Platform
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **InstructIE 2023-5 | All | EN & ZH | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.11527) | [Github](https://github.com/zjunlp/KnowLM) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/zjunlp/InstructIE)**
- Publisher: Zhejiang University et al.
- Size: 371700 instances
- License: MIT
- Source: Baidu baike, Wikipedia
- Instruction Category: Extraction
#### Model Constructed Datasets (MC)
- **Alpaca_data 2023-3 | All | EN | MC | [Github](https://github.com/tatsu-lab/stanford_alpaca#data-release)**
- Publisher: Stanford Alpaca
- Size: 52K instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Generated by Text-Davinci-003 with Aplaca_data prompts
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **BELLE_Generated_Chat 2023-5 | All | ZH | MC | [Github](https://github.com/LianjiaTech/BELLE/tree/main/data/10M) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/BelleGroup/generated_chat_0.4M)**
- Publisher: BELLE
- Size: 396004 instances
- License: GPL-3.0
- Source: Generated by ChatGPT
- Instruction Category: Generation
- **BELLE_Multiturn_Chat 2023-5 | All | ZH | MC | [Github](https://github.com/LianjiaTech/BELLE/tree/main/data/10M) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/BelleGroup/multiturn_chat_0.8M)**
- Publisher: BELLE
- Size: 831036 instances
- License: GPL-3.0
- Source: Generated by ChatGPT
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **BELLE_train_0.5M_CN 2023-4 | All | ZH | MC | [Github](https://github.com/LianjiaTech/BELLE/tree/main/data/1.5M) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/BelleGroup/train_0.5M_CN)**
- Publisher: BELLE
- Size: 519255 instances
- License: GPL-3.0
- Source: Generated by Text-Davinci-003
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **BELLE_train_1M_CN 2023-4 | All | ZH | MC | [Github](https://github.com/LianjiaTech/BELLE/tree/main/data/1.5M) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/BelleGroup/train_1M_CN)**
- Publisher: BELLE
- Size: 917424 instances
- License: GPL-3.0
- Source: Generated by Text-Davinci-003
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **BELLE_train_2M_CN 2023-5 | All | ZH | MC | [Github](https://github.com/LianjiaTech/BELLE/tree/main/data/10M) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/BelleGroup/train_2M_CN)**
- Publisher: BELLE
- Size: 2M instances
- License: GPL-3.0
- Source: Generated by ChatGPT
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **BELLE_train_3.5M_CN 2023-5 | All | ZH | MC | [Github](https://github.com/LianjiaTech/BELLE/tree/main/data/10M) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/BelleGroup/train_3.5M_CN)**
- Publisher: BELLE
- Size: 3606402 instances
- License: GPL-3.0
- Source: Generated by ChatGPT
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **CAMEL 2023-3 | All | Multi & PL | MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.17760.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/camel-ai/camel) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/camel-ai) | [Website](https://www.camel-ai.org/)**
- Publisher: KAUST
- Size: 1659328 instances
- License: CC-BY-NC-4.0
- Source: Dialogue generated by two GPT-3.5-Turbo agents
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **Chatgpt_corpus 2023-6 | All | ZH | MC | [Github](https://github.com/PlexPt/chatgpt-corpus/releases/tag/3)**
- Publisher: PlexPt
- Size: 3270K instances
- License: GPL-3.0
- Source: Generated by GPT-3.5-Turbo
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **InstructionWild_v1 2023-3 | All | EN & ZH | MC | [Github](https://github.com/XueFuzhao/InstructionWild)**
- Publisher: National University of Singapore
- Size: 104K instances
- License: -
- Source: Generated by OpenAI API
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **LMSYS-Chat-1M 2023-9 | All | Multi | MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.11998.pdf) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m)**
- Publisher: UC Berkeley et al.
- Size: 1M instances
- License: LMSYS-Chat-1M license
- Source: Generated by multiple LLMs
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **MOSS_002_sft_data 2023-4 | All | EN & ZH | MC | [Github](https://github.com/OpenLMLab/MOSS) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/fnlp/moss-002-sft-data)**
- Publisher: Fudan University
- Size: 1161137 instances
- License: CC-BY-NC-4.0
- Source: Generated by Text-Davinci-003
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **MOSS_003_sft_data 2023-4 | All | EN & ZH | MC | [Github](https://github.com/OpenLMLab/MOSS) | [Dataset](https://github.com/OpenLMLab/MOSS/tree/main/SFT_data)**
- Publisher: Fudan University
- Size: 1074551 instances
- License: CC-BY-NC-4.0
- Source: Conversation data from MOSS-002 and generated by GPT-3.5-Turbo
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **MOSS_003_sft_plugin_data 2023-4 | Partial | EN & ZH | MC | [Github](https://github.com/OpenLMLab/MOSS) | [Dataset](https://github.com/OpenLMLab/MOSS/tree/main/SFT_data/conversations/conversation_with_plugins)**
- Publisher: Fudan University
- Size: 300K instances
- License: CC-BY-NC-4.0
- Source: Generated by plugins and LLMs
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **OpenChat 2023-7 | All | EN | MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.11235.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/imoneoi/openchat) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/openchat)**
- Publisher: Tsinghua University et al.
- Size: 70K instances
- License: MIT
- Source: ShareGPT
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **RedGPT-Dataset-V1-CN 2023-4 | Partial | ZH | MC | [Github](https://github.com/DA-southampton/RedGPT)**
- Publisher: DA-southampton
- Size: 50K instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Generated by LLMs
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **Self-Instruct 2022-12 | All | EN | MC | [Paper](https://aclanthology.org/2023.acl-long.754.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/yizhongw/self-instruct)**
- Publisher: University of Washington et al.
- Size: 52445 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Generated by GPT-3
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **ShareChat 2023-4 | All | Multi | MC | [Website](https://paratranz.cn/projects/6725)**
- Publisher: Sharechat
- Size: 90K instances
- License: CC0
- Source: ShareGPT
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **ShareGPT-Chinese-English-90k 2023-7 | All | EN & ZH | MC | [Github](https://github.com/CrazyBoyM/llama2-Chinese-chat) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/shareAI/ShareGPT-Chinese-English-90k)**
- Publisher: shareAI
- Size: 90K instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: ShareGPT
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **ShareGPT90K 2023-4 | All | EN | MC | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/RyokoAI/ShareGPT52K)**
- Publisher: RyokoAI
- Size: 90K instances
- License: CC0
- Source: ShareGPT
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **UltraChat 2023-5 | All | EN | MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.14233.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/thunlp/UltraChat#UltraLM)**
- Publisher: Tsinghua University
- Size: 1468352 instances
- License: CC-BY-NC-4.0
- Source: Dialogue generated by two ChatGPT agents
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **Unnatural Instructions 2022-12 | All | EN | MC | [Paper](https://aclanthology.org/2023.acl-long.806.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/orhonovich/unnatural-instructions)**
- Publisher: Tel Aviv University et al.
- Size: 240670 instances
- License: MIT
- Source: Generated by LLMs
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **WebGLM-QA 2023-6 | All | EN | MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.07906.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/THUDM/WebGLM) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/THUDM/webglm-qa)**
- Publisher: Tsinghua University et al.
- Size: 44979 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Construct WebGLM-QA via LLM in-context bootstrapping
- Instruction Category: Open QA
- **Wizard_evol_instruct_196K 2023-6 | All | EN | MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.12244.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/nlpxucan/WizardLM) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/WizardLM/WizardLM_evol_instruct_V2_196k)**
- Publisher: Microsoft et al.
- Size: 196K instances
- License: -
- Source: Evolve instructions through the Evol-Instruct method
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **Wizard_evol_instruct_70K 2023-5 | All | EN | MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.12244.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/nlpxucan/WizardLM) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/WizardLM/WizardLM_evol_instruct_70k)**
- Publisher: Microsoft et al.
- Size: 70K instances
- License: -
- Source: Evolve instructions through the Evol-Instruct method
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **WildChat 2024-5 | Partial | Multi (68) | MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.01470) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/WildChat)**
- Publisher: Cornell University et al.
- Size: 1039785 instances
- License: AI2 ImpACT license
- Source: Conversations between users and ChatGPT, GPT-4
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **GPTeacher 2023-4 | All | EN | MC | [Github](https://github.com/teknium1/GPTeacher) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/teknium/GPTeacher-General-Instruct
)**
- Publisher: teknium
- Size: 89260 instances
- License: MIT
- Source: Generated by GPT-4
- Instruction Category: Multi
#### Collection and Improvement of Existing Datasets (CI)
- **CrossFit 2021-4 | All | EN | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.08835.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/INK-USC/CrossFit)**
- Publisher: University of Southern California
- Size: 269 datasets
- License: -
- Source: Collection and improvement of various NLP datasets
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **DialogStudio 2023-7 | All | EN | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2307.10172.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/salesforce/DialogStudio) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Salesforce/dialogstudio)**
- Publisher: Salesforce AI et al.
- Size: 87 datasets
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Collection and improvement of various NLP datasets
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **Dynosaur 2023-5 | All | EN | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.14327.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/WadeYin9712/Dynosaur) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets?search=dynosaur) | [Website](https://dynosaur-it.github.io/)**
- Publisher: UCLA et al.
- Size: 801900 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Collection and improvement of various NLP datasets
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **Flan-mini 2023-7 | All | EN | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2307.02053.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/declare-lab/flacuna) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/declare-lab/flan-mini)**
- Publisher: Singapore University of Technology and Design
- Size: 1.34M instances
- License: CC
- Source: Collection and improvement of various instruction fine-tuning datasets
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **Flan 2021 2021-9 | All | Multi | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.01652.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/google-research/flan)**
- Publisher: Google Research
- Size: 62 datasets
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Collection and improvement of various NLP datasets
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **Flan 2022 2023-1 | Partial | Multi | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.13688.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/google-research/FLAN/tree/main/flan/v2) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/SirNeural/flan_v2)**
- Publisher: Google Research
- Size: 1836 datasets
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Collection and improvement of various instruction fine-tuning datasets
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **InstructDial 2022-5 | All | EN | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.12673.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/prakharguptaz/Instructdial)**
- Publisher: Carnegie Mellon University
- Size: 59 datasets
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Collection and improvement of various NLP datasets
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **NATURAL INSTRUCTIONS 2021-4 | All | EN | CI | [Paper](https://aclanthology.org/2022.acl-long.244.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/allenai/natural-instructions) | [Dataset](https://instructions.apps.allenai.org/)**
- Publisher: Allen Institute for AI et al.
- Size: 61 datasets
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Collection and improvement of various NLP datasets
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **OIG 2023-3 | All | EN | CI | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/laion/OIG)**
- Publisher: LAION
- Size: 3878622 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Collection and improvement of various datasets
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **Open-Platypus 2023-8 | All | EN | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2308.07317.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/arielnlee/Platypus) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/garage-bAInd/Open-Platypus) | [Website](https://platypus-llm.github.io/)**
- Publisher: Boston University
- Size: 24926 instances
- License: -
- Source: Collection and improvement of various datasets
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **OPT-IML Bench 2022-12 | Not | Multi | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2212.12017.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/facebookresearch/metaseq)**
- Publisher: Meta AI
- Size: 2000 datasets
- License: MIT
- Source: Collection and improvement of various NLP datasets
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **PromptSource 2022-2 | All | EN | CI | [Paper](https://aclanthology.org/2022.acl-demo.9.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/bigscience-workshop/promptsource)**
- Publisher: Brown University et al.
- Size: 176 datasets
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Collection and improvement of various NLP datasets
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **SUPER-NATURAL INSTRUCTIONS 2022-4 | All | Multi | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.07705.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/allenai/natural-instructions)**
- Publisher: Univ. of Washington et al.
- Size: 1616 datasets
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Collection and improvement of various NLP datasets
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **T0 2021-10 | All | EN | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.08207.pdf) | [Dataset1](https://huggingface.co/bigscience/T0) | [Dataset2](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bigscience/P3)**
- Publisher: Hugging Face et al.
- Size: 62 datasets
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Collection and improvement of various NLP datasets
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **UnifiedSKG 2022-3 | All | EN | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2201.05966.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/xlang-ai/UnifiedSKG)**
- Publisher: The University of Hong Kong et al.
- Size: 21 datasets
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Collection and improvement of various NLP datasets
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **xP3 2022-11 | All | Multi (46) | CI | [Paper](https://aclanthology.org/2023.acl-long.891.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/bigscience-workshop/xmtf)**
- Publisher: Hugging Face et al.
- Size: 82 datasets
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Collection and improvement of various NLP datasets
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **IEPile 2024-2 | All | EN & ZH | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.14710) | [Github](https://github.com/zjunlp/IEPile) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/zjunlp/iepile)**
- Publisher: Zhejiang University et al.
- Size: 33 datasets
- License: CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0
- Source: Collection and improvement of various IE datasets
- Instruction Category: Extraction
- **KOLLM-Conversations 2024-3 | All | KO | CI | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/davidkim205/kollm-converations)**
- Publisher: davidkim205
- Size: 1122566 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Collection and improvement of Korean datasets
- Instruction Category: Multi
#### HG & CI
- **Firefly 2023-4 | All | ZH | HG & CI | [Github](https://github.com/yangjianxin1/Firefly) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/YeungNLP/firefly-train-1.1M)**
- Publisher: YeungNLP
- Size: 1649399 instances
- License: -
- Source: Collect Chinese NLP datasets and manually generate data related to Chinese culture
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **LIMA-sft 2023-5 | All | EN | HG & CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.11206.pdf) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/GAIR/lima)**
- Publisher: Meta AI et al.
- Size: 1330 instances
- License: CC-BY-NC-SA
- Source: Manually select from various types of data
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **COIG-CQIA 2024-3 | All | ZH | HG & CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.18058) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/m-a-p/COIG-CQIA)**
- Publisher: Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology et al.
- Size: 48375 instances
- License: -
- Source: Q&A communities, Wikipedia, examinations, existing NLP datasets
- Instruction Category: Multi
#### HG & MC
- **InstructGPT-sft 2022-3 | Not | EN | HG & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.02155.pdf)**
- Publisher: OpenAI
- Size: 14378 instances
- License: -
- Source: Platform Q&A data and manual labeling
- Instruction Category: Multi
#### CI & MC
- **Alpaca_GPT4_data 2023-4 | All | EN | CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.03277.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/Instruction-Tuning-with-GPT-4/GPT-4-LLM#data-release)**
- Publisher: Microsoft Research
- Size: 52K instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Generated by GPT-4 with Aplaca_data prompts
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **Alpaca_GPT4_data_zh 2023-4 | All | ZH | CI & MC | [Github](https://github.com/Instruction-Tuning-with-GPT-4/GPT-4-LLM#data-release) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/shibing624/alpaca-zh)**
- Publisher: Microsoft Research
- Size: 52K instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Generated by GPT-4 with Alpaca_data prompts translated into Chinese by ChatGPT
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **Bactrain-X 2023-5 | All | Multi (52) | CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.15011.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/mbzuai-nlp/bactrian-x) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/MBZUAI/Bactrian-X)**
- Publisher: MBZUAI
- Size: 3484884 instances
- License: CC-BY-NC-4.0
- Source: Generated by GPT-3.5-Turbo with Aplaca_data and databricks-dolly-15K prompts translated into 51 languages by Google Translate API
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **Baize 2023-3 | Partial | EN | CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.01196.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/project-baize/baize-chatbot) | [Dataset](https://github.com/project-baize/baize-chatbot/tree/main/data)**
- Publisher: University of California et al.
- Size: 210311 instances
- License: GPL-3.0
- Source: Sample seeds from specific datasets to create multi-turn dialogues using ChatGPT
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **GPT4All 2023-3 | All | EN | CI & MC | [Paper](https://gpt4all.io/reports/GPT4All_Technical_Report_3.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/nomic-ai/gpt4all) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/QingyiSi/Alpaca-CoT/tree/main/GPT4all)**
- Publisher: nomic-ai
- Size: 739259 instances
- License: MIT
- Source: Generated by GPT-3.5-Turbo with other datasets’ prompts
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **GuanacoDataset 2023-3 | All | Multi | CI & MC | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/JosephusCheung/GuanacoDataset) | [Website](https://guanaco-model.github.io/)**
- Publisher: JosephusCheung
- Size: 534530 instances
- License: GPL-3.0
- Source: Expand upon the initial 52K dataset from the Alpaca model
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **LaMini-LM 2023-4 | All | EN | CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.14402.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/mbzuai-nlp/LaMini-LM) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/MBZUAI/LaMini-instruction)**
- Publisher: Monash University et al.
- Size: 2585615 instances
- License: CC-BY-NC-4.0
- Source: Generated by ChatGPT with synthetic and existing prompts
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **LogiCoT 2023-5 | All | EN & ZH | CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.12147.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/csitfun/logicot) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/csitfun/LogiCoT)**
- Publisher: Westlake University et al.
- Size: 604840 instances
- License: CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0
- Source: Expand the datasets using GPT-4
- Instruction Category: Reasoning
- **LongForm 2023-4 | All | EN | CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.08460.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/akoksal/LongForm) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/akoksal/LongForm)**
- Publisher: LMU Munich et al.
- Size: 27739 instances
- License: MIT
- Source: Select documents from existing corpora and generating prompts for the documents using LLMs
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **Luotuo-QA-B 2023-5 | All | EN & ZH | CI & MC | [Github](https://github.com/LC1332/Luotuo-QA) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Logic123456789/Luotuo-QA-B)**
- Publisher: Luotuo
- Size: 157320 instances
- License: Apache-2.0 & CC0
- Source: Use LLMs to generate Q&A pairs on CSL, arXiv, and CNN-DM datasets
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **OpenOrca 2023-6 | All | Multi | CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.02707.pdf) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Open-Orca/OpenOrca)**
- Publisher: Microsoft Researc
- Size: 4233923 instances
- License: MIT
- Source: Expand upon the Flan 2022 dataset using GPT-3.5-Turbo and GPT-4
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **Wizard_evol_instruct_zh 2023-5 | All | ZH | CI & MC | [Github](https://github.com/LC1332/Chinese-alpaca-lora) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/silk-road/Wizard-LM-Chinese-instruct-evol)**
- Publisher: Central China Normal University et al.
- Size: 70K instances
- License: CC-BY-4.0
- Source: Generated by GPT with Wizard_evol_instruct prompts translated into Chinese
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **Lithuanian-QA-v1 2024-8 | All | LT | CI & MC | [Paper](https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2408.12963) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/neurotechnology/lithuanian-qa-v1)**
- Publisher: Neurotechnology
- Size: 13848 instances
- License: CC-BY-4.0
- Source: Use ChatGPT to generate Q&A pairs on Wikipedia corpus
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **LongWriter-6K 2024-8 | All | EN & ZH | CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.07055) | [Github](https://github.com/THUDM/LongWriter) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/THUDM/LongWriter-6k)**
- Publisher: Tsinghua University et al.
- Size: 6000 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Generated by GPT-4o with open-source datasets’ prompts
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **SlimOrca 2023-10 | All | EN | CI & MC | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Open-Orca/SlimOrca)**
- Publisher: Open-Orca
- Size: 517,982 instances
- License: MIT
- Source: Generated by GPT-4 and from OpenOrca data
- Instruction Category: Multi
#### HG & CI & MC
- **COIG 2023-4 | All | ZH | HG & CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.07987.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/FlagOpen/FlagInstruct) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/BAAI/COIG)**
- Publisher: BAAI
- Size: 191191 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Translated instructions, Leetcode, Chinese exams, etc.
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **HC3 2023-1 | All | EN & ZH | HG & CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.07597.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/Hello-SimpleAI/chatgpt-comparison-detection) | [Dataset1](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Hello-SimpleAI/HC3) | [Dataset2](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Hello-SimpleAI/HC3-Chinese)**
- Publisher: SimpleAI
- Size: 37175 instances
- License: CC-BY-SA-4.0
- Source: Human-Q&A pairs and ChatGPT-Q&A pairs from Q&A platforms, encyclopedias, etc.
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **Phoenix-sft-data-v1 2023-5 | All | Multi | HG & CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.10453.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/FreedomIntelligence/LLMZoo) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/FreedomIntelligence/phoenix-sft-data-v1)**
- Publisher: The Chinese University of Hong Kong et al.
- Size: 464510 instances
- License: CC-BY-4.0
- Source: Collected multi-lingual instructions, post-translated multi-lingual instructions, self-generated user-centered multi-lingual instructions
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **TigerBot_sft_en 2023-5 | Partial | EN | HG & CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.08688) | [Github](https://github.com/TigerResearch/TigerBot) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/TigerResearch/sft_en)**
- Publisher: TigerBot
- Size: 677117 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Self-instruct, human-labeling, open-source data cleaning
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **TigerBot_sft_zh 2023-5 | Partial | ZH | HG & CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.08688) | [Github](https://github.com/TigerResearch/TigerBot) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/TigerResearch/sft_zh)**
- Publisher: TigerBot
- Size: 530705 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Self-instruct, human-labeling, open-source data cleaning
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **Aya Collection 2024-2 | All | Multi (114) | HG & CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.06619) | [Dataset](https://hf.co/datasets/CohereForAI/aya_collection) | [Website](https://aya.for.ai)**
- Publisher: Cohere For AI Community et al.
- Size: 513M instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Templated data, Translated data and Aya Dataset
- Instruction Category: Multi
- **REInstruct 2024-8 | Not | EN | HG & CI & MC | [Paper](https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2408.10663) | [Github](https://github.com/cs32963/REInstruct)**
- Publisher: Chinese Information Processing Laboratory et al.
- Size: 35K instances
- License: -
- Source: Automatically constructing instruction data from the C4 corpus using a small amount of manually annotated seed instruction data
- Instruction Category: Multi
### Domain-specific Instruction Fine-tuning Datasets
The domain-specific instruction fine-tuning datasets are constructed for a particular domain by formulating instructions that encapsulate knowledge and task types closely related to that domain.
**Dataset information format：**
```
- Dataset name Release Time | Public or Not | Language | Construction Method | Paper | Github | Dataset | Website
- Publisher:
- Size:
- License:
- Source:
- Instruction Category:
- Domain:
```
- **ChatDoctor 2023-3 | All | EN | HG & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2303/2303.14070.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/Kent0n-Li/ChatDoctor) | [Dataset](https://github.com/Kent0n-Li/ChatDoctor)**
- Publisher: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center et al.
- Size: 115K instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Real conversations between doctors and patients & Generated by ChatGPT
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Domain: Medical
- **ChatMed_Consult_Dataset 2023-5 | All | ZH | MC | [Github](https://github.com/michael-wzhu/ChatMed) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/michaelwzhu/ChatMed_Consult_Dataset)**
- Publisher: michael-wzhu
- Size: 549326 instances
- License: CC-BY-NC-4.0
- Source: Generated by GPT-3.5-Turbo
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Domain: Medical
- **CMtMedQA 2023-8 | All | ZH | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2308.03549.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/SupritYoung/Zhongjing) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Suprit/CMtMedQA)**
- Publisher: Zhengzhou University
- Size: 68023 instances
- License: MIT
- Source: Real conversations between doctors and patients
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Domain: Medical
- **DISC-Med-SFT 2023-8 | All | ZH | HG & CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2308.14346.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/FudanDISC/DISC-MedLLM) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Flmc/DISC-Med-SFT) | [Website](https://med.fudan-disc.com)**
- Publisher: Fudan University et al.
- Size: 464898 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Open source datasets & Manually selected data
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Domain: Medical
- **HuatuoGPT-sft-data-v1 2023-5 | All | ZH | HG & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.15075.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/FreedomIntelligence/HuatuoGPT) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/FreedomIntelligence/HuatuoGPT-sft-data-v1)**
- Publisher: The Chinese University of Hong Kong et al.
- Size: 226042 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Real conversations between doctors and patients & Generated by ChatGPT
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Domain: Medical
- **Huatuo-26M 2023-5 | Partial | ZH | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.01526.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/FreedomIntelligence/Huatuo-26M)**
- Publisher: The Chinese University of Hong Kong et al.
- Size: 26504088 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Collection and improvement of various datasets
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Domain: Medical
- **MedDialog 2020-4 | All | EN & ZH | HG | [Paper](https://aclanthology.org/2020.emnlp-main.743.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/UCSD-AI4H/Medical-Dialogue-System)**
- Publisher: UC San Diego
- Size: 3.66M instances
- License: -
- Source: Real conversations between doctors and patients
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Domain: Medical
- **Medical Meadow 2023-4 | All | EN | HG & CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.08247.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/kbressem/medAlpaca) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/medalpaca)**
- Publisher: University Hospital Aachen et al.
- Size: 160076 instances
- License: GPL-3.0
- Source: Crawl data from the Internet & Collection and improvement of various NLP datasets
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Domain: Medical
- **Medical-sft 2023-5 | All | EN & ZH | CI | [Github](https://github.com/shibing624/MedicalGPT) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/shibing624/medical)**
- Publisher: Ming Xu
- Size: 2.07M instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Collection and improvement of various NLP datasets
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Domain: Medical
- **QiZhenGPT-sft-20k 2023-5 | Partial | ZH | CI | [Github](https://github.com/CMKRG/QiZhenGPT) | [Dataset](https://github.com/CMKRG/QiZhenGPT/blob/main/data/train/sft-20k.json)**
- Publisher: Zhejiang University
- Size: 20K instances
- License: GPL-3.0
- Source: Collection and improvement of various datasets
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Domain: Medical
- **ShenNong_TCM_Dataset 2023-6 | All | ZH | MC | [Github](https://github.com/michael-wzhu/ShenNong-TCM-LLM) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/michaelwzhu/ShenNong_TCM_Dataset)**
- Publisher: michael-wzhu
- Size: 112565 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Generated by ChatGPT
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Domain: Medical
- **Code_Alpaca_20K 2023-3 | All | EN & PL | MC | [Github](https://github.com/sahil280114/codealpaca) | [Dataset](https://github.com/sahil280114/codealpaca)**
- Publisher: Sahil Chaudhary
- Size: 20K instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Generated by Text-Davinci-003
- Instruction Category: Code
- Domain: Code
- **CodeContest 2022-3 | All | EN & PL | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.07814.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/google-deepmind/code_contests)**
- Publisher: DeepMind
- Size: 13610 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Collection and improvement of various datasets
- Instruction Category: Code
- Domain: Code
- **CommitPackFT 2023-8 | All | EN & PL (277) | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2308.07124.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/bigcode-project/octopack) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bigcode/commitpackft)**
- Publisher: Bigcode
- Size: 702062 instances
- License: MIT
- Source: GitHub Action dump
- Instruction Category: Code
- Domain: Code
- **ToolAlpaca 2023-6 | All | EN & PL | HG & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.05301.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/tangqiaoyu/ToolAlpaca)**
- Publisher: Chinese Information Processing Laboratory et al.
- Size: 3928 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Manually filter APIs & Generated by ChatGPT
- Instruction Category: Code
- Domain: Code
- **ToolBench 2023-7 | All | EN & PL | HG & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2307.16789v2.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/OpenBMB/ToolBench)**
- Publisher: Tsinghua University et al.
- Size: 126486 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Manually filter APIs & Generated by ChatGPT
- Instruction Category: Code
- Domain: Code
- **Magicoder-OSS-Instruct-75K 2023-12 | All | EN | CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.02120) | [Github](https://github.com/ise-uiuc/magicoder) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ise-uiuc/Magicoder-OSS-Instruct-75K)**
- Publisher: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign et al.
- Size: 75197 instances
- License: MIT
- Source: Generated by prompting LLMs with seed code snippets from open-source repositories to create diverse coding problems and solutions
- Instruction Category: Code
- Domain: Code
#### Legal
- **DISC-Law-SFT 2023-9 | Partial | ZH | HG & CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.11325.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/FudanDISC/DISC-LawLLM) | [Website](https://law.fudan-disc.com)**
- Publisher: Fudan University et al.
- Size: 403K instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Open source datasets & Legal-related Text Content & Generated by GPT-3.5-Turbo
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Domain: Law
- **HanFei 1.0 2023-5 | All | ZH | - | [Github](https://github.com/siat-nlp/HanFei) | [Dataset](https://github.com/siat-nlp/HanFei)**
- Publisher: Chinese Academy of Sciences et al.
- Size: 255K instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Filter legal-related data according to rules
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Domain: Law
- **LawGPT_zh 2023-5 | Partial | ZH | CI & MC | [Github](https://github.com/LiuHC0428/LAW-GPT) | [Dataset](https://github.com/LiuHC0428/LAW-GPT#数据集构建)**
- Publisher: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Size: 200K instances
- License: -
- Source: Real conversations & Generated by ChatGPT
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Domain: Law
- **Lawyer LLaMA_sft 2023-5 | Partial | ZH | CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.15062.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/AndrewZhe/lawyer-llama) | [Dataset](https://github.com/AndrewZhe/lawyer-llama/tree/main/data)**
- Publisher: Peking Universit
- Size: 21476 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Generated by ChatGPT with other datasets’ prompts
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Domain: Law
- **BELLE_School_Math 2023-5 | All | ZH | MC | [Github](https://github.com/LianjiaTech/BELLE/tree/main/data/10M) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/BelleGroup/school_math_0.25M)**
- Publisher: BELLE
- Size: 248481 instances
- License: GPL-3.0
- Source: Generated by ChatGPT
- Instruction Category: Math
- Domain: Math
- **Goat 2023-5 | All | EN | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.14201.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/liutiedong/goat) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/tiedong/goat)**
- Publisher: National University of Singapore
- Size: 1746300 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Artificially synthesized data
- Instruction Category: Math
- Domain: Math
- **MWP 2021-9 | All | EN & ZH | CI | [Paper](https://browse.arxiv.org/pdf/2109.00799.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/LYH-YF/MWPToolkit) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Macropodus/MWP-Instruct)**
- Publisher: Xihua University et al.
- Size: 251598 instances
- License: MIT
- Source: Collection and improvement of various datasets
- Instruction Category: Math
- Domain: Math
- **OpenMathInstruct-1 2024-2 | All | EN | CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.10176) | [Github](https://github.com/Kipok/NeMo-Skills) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/OpenMathInstruct-1)**
- Publisher: NVIDIA
- Size: 1.8M instances
- License: NVIDIA License
- Source: GSM8K and MATH datasets (original questions); Generated using Mixtral-8×7B model
- Instruction Category: Math
- Domain: Math
- **OrcaMathWordProblems 2024-2 | All | EN | CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.14830) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/microsoft/orca-math-word-problems-200k)**
- Publisher: Microsoft Research
- Size: 200035 instances
- License: MIT
- Source: Generated by GPT-4 Turbo
- Instruction Category: Math
- Domain: Math
- **MathInstruct 2023-9 | All | EN | CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.05653) | [Github](https://github.com/TIGER-AI-Lab/MAmmoTH) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/TIGER-Lab/MathInstruct) | [Website](https://tiger-ai-lab.github.io/MAmmoTH/)**
- Publisher: University of Waterloo et al.
- Size: 262039 instances
- License: MIT
- Source: GSM8K, MATH, etc. and use GPT-4 to generate CoT and PoT reasoning processes
- Instruction Category: Math
- Domain: Math
- **MetaMathQA 2023-9 | All | EN | CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.12284) | [Github](https://github.com/meta-math/MetaMath) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/meta-math/MetaMathQA) | [Website](https://meta-math.github.io/)**
- Publisher: University of Cambridge et al.
- Size: 395000 instances
- License: MIT
- Source: Augmented from the GSM8K and MATH datasets using LLMs
- Instruction Category: Math
- Domain: Math
#### Education
- **Child_chat_data 2023-8 | All | ZH | HG & MC | [Github](https://github.com/HIT-SCIR-SC/QiaoBan)**
- Publisher: Harbin Institute of Technology et al.
- Size: 5000 instances
- License: -
- Source: Real conversations & Generated by GPT-3.5-Turbo
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Domain: Education
- **Educhat-sft-002-data-osm 2023-7 | All | EN & ZH | CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2308.02773.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/icalk-nlp/EduChat) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ecnu-icalk/educhat-sft-002-data-osm)**
- Publisher: East China Normal University et al.
- Size: 4279419 instances
- License: CC-BY-NC-4.0
- Source: Collection and improvement of various datasets
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Domain: Education
- **TaoLi_data 2023-X | All | ZH | HG & CI | [Github](https://github.com/blcuicall/taoli) | [Dataset](https://github.com/blcuicall/taoli)**
- Publisher: Beijing Language and Culture University et al.
- Size: 88080 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Collection and improvement of various datasets & Manually extract dictionary data
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Domain: Education
- **DISC-Fin-SFT 2023-10 | Partial | ZH | HG & CI & MC | [Paper](http://arxiv.org/abs/2310.15205) | [Github](https://github.com/FudanDISC/DISC-FinLLM) | [Website](https://fin.fudan-disc.com)**
- Publisher: Fudan University et al.
- Size: 246K instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Open source datasets & Manually collect financial data & ChatGPT assistance
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Domain: Financial
- **AlphaFin 2024-3 | All | EN & ZH | HG & CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.12582) | [Github](https://github.com/AlphaFin-proj/AlphaFin) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/AlphaFin/AlphaFin-dataset-v1)**
- Publisher: South China University of Technology et al.
- Size: 167362 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Traditional research datasets, real-time financial data, handwritten CoT data
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Domain: Financial
- **GeoSignal 2023-6 | Partial | EN | HG & CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.05064.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/davendw49/k2) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/daven3/geosignal)**
- Publisher: Shanghai Jiao Tong University et al.
- Size: 22627272 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Open source datasets & Geoscience-related Text Content & Generated by GPT-4
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Domain: Geoscience
- **MeChat 2023-4 | All | ZH | CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.00450.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/qiuhuachuan/smile) | [Dataset](https://github.com/qiuhuachuan/smile/tree/main/data)**
- Publisher: Zhejiang University et al.
- Size: 56K instances
- License: CC0-1.0
- Source: Based on PsyQA dataset with the proposed SMILE method
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Domain: Mental Health
- **Mol-Instructions 2023-6 | All | EN | HG & CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.08018.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/zjunlp/Mol-Instructions) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/zjunlp/Mol-Instructions)**
- Publisher: Zhejiang University et al.
- Size: 2043586 instances
- License: CC-BY-4.0
- Source: Molecule-oriented, Protein-oriented, Biomolecular text instructions
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Domain: Biology
- **Owl-Instruction 2023-9 | All | EN & ZH | HG & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.09298.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/HC-Guo/Owl)**
- Publisher: Beihang University et al.
- Size: 17858 instances
- License: -
- Source: Generated by GPT-4 & Manual verification
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Domain: IT
- **PROSOCIALDIALOG 2022-5 | All | EN | HG & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.12688.pdf) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/prosocial-dialog)**
- Publisher: Allenai
- Size: 165681 instances
- License: CC-BY-4.0
- Source: Generated by humans with GPT-3 created prompts
- Instruction Category: Social Norms
- Domain: Social Norms
- **TransGPT-sft 2023-7 | All | ZH | HG | [Github](https://github.com/DUOMO/TransGPT) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/DUOMO-Lab/TransGPT-sft)**
- Publisher: Beijing Jiaotong University
- Size: 58057 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Source: Manually collect traffic-related data
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Domain: Transportation
## Preference Datasets
Preference datasets are collections of instructions that provide preference evaluations for multiple responses to the same instruction input.
### Preference Evaluation Methods
The preference evaluation methods for preference datasets can be categorized into voting, sorting, scoring, and other methods. **Datasets are classified based on preference evaluation methods.**
**Dataset information format：**
```
- Dataset name Release Time | Public or Not | Language | Construction Method | Paper | Github | Dataset | Website
- Publisher:
- Size:
- License:
- Domain:
- Instruction Category:
- Preference Evaluation Method:
- Source:
```
#### Vote
- **Chatbot_arena_conversations 2023-6 | All | Multi | HG & MC | [Paper](https://browse.arxiv.org/pdf/2306.05685.pdf) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmsys/chatbot_arena_conversations)**
- Publisher: UC Berkeley et al.
- Size: 33000 instances
- License: CC-BY-4.0 & CC-BY-NC-4.0
- Domain: General
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Preference Evaluation Method: VO-H
- Source: Generated by twenty LLMs & Manual judgment
- **hh-rlhf 2022-4 | All | EN | HG & MC | [Paper1](https://browse.arxiv.org/pdf/2204.05862.pdf) | [Paper2](https://browse.arxiv.org/pdf/2209.07858.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/anthropics/hh-rlhf) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Anthropic/hh-rlhf)**
- Publisher: Anthropic
- Size: 169352 instances
- License: MIT
- Domain: General
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Preference Evaluation Method: VO-H
- Source: Generated by LLMs & Manual judgment
- **MT-Bench_human_judgments 2023-6 | All | EN | HG & MC | [Paper](https://browse.arxiv.org/pdf/2306.05685.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/lm-sys/FastChat/tree/main/fastchat/llm_judge) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmsys/mt_bench_human_judgments) | [Website](https://huggingface.co/spaces/lmsys/chatbot-arena-leaderboard)**
- Publisher: UC Berkeley et al.
- Size: 3.3K instances
- License: CC-BY-4.0
- Domain: General
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Preference Evaluation Method: VO-H
- Source: Generated by LLMs & Manual judgment
- **PKU-SafeRLHF 2023-7 | Partial | EN | HG & CI & MC | [Paper](https://browse.arxiv.org/pdf/2307.04657.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/PKU-Alignment/safe-rlhf) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/PKU-Alignment/PKU-SafeRLHF)**
- Publisher: Peking University
- Size: 361903 instances
- License: CC-BY-NC-4.0
- Domain: Social Norms
- Instruction Category: Social Norms
- Preference Evaluation Method: VO-H
- Source: Generated by LLMs & Manual judgment
- **SHP 2021-10 | All | EN | HG | [Paper](https://browse.arxiv.org/pdf/2110.08420.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/kawine/dataset_difficulty) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/stanfordnlp/SHP)**
- Publisher: Stanford
- Size: 385563 instances
- License: -
- Domain: General
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Preference Evaluation Method: VO-H
- Source: Reddit data & Manual judgment
- **Zhihu_rlhf_3k 2023-4 | All | ZH | HG | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/liyucheng/zhihu_rlhf_3k)**
- Publisher: Liyucheng
- Size: 3460 instances
- License: CC-BY-2.0
- Domain: General
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Preference Evaluation Method: VO-H
- Source: Zhihu data & Manual judgment
- **Summarize_from_Feedback 2020-9 | All | EN | HG & CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.01325.pdf) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/openai/summarize_from_feedback)**
- Publisher: OpenAI
- Size: 193841 instances
- License: -
- Domain: News
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Preference Evaluation Method: VO-H & SC-H
- Source: Open source datasets & Manual judgment and scoring
- **CValues 2023-7 | All | ZH | MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2307.09705.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/X-PLUG/CValues) | [Dataset](https://www.modelscope.cn/datasets/damo/CValues-Comparison/summary)**
- Publisher: Alibaba Group
- Size: 145K instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Domain: Social Norms
- Instruction Category: Social Norms
- Preference Evaluation Method: VO-M
- Source: Generated by LLMs & Evaluation by the reward model
- **huozi_rlhf_data 2024-2 | All | ZH | HG & MC | [Github](https://github.com/HIT-SCIR/huozi) | [Dataset](https://github.com/HIT-SCIR/huozi/blob/main/data/huozi-rlhf/huozi_rlhf_data.csv)**
- Publisher: Huozi-Team
- Size: 16918 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Domain: General
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Preference Evaluation Method: VO-H
- Source: Generated by Huozi model & Manual judgment
#### Sort
- **OASST1_pairwise_rlhf_reward 2023-5 | All | Multi | CI | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/tasksource/oasst1_pairwise_rlhf_reward)**
- Publisher: Tasksource
- Size: 18918 instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Domain: General
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Preference Evaluation Method: SO-H
- Source: OASST1 datasets & Manual sorting
#### Score
- **Stack-Exchange-Preferences 2021-12 | All | EN | HG | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.00861.pdf) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceH4/stack-exchange-preferences)**
- Publisher: Anthropic
- Size: 10807695 instances
- License: CC-BY-SA-4.0
- Domain: General
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Preference Evaluation Method: SC-H
- Source: Stackexchange data & Manual scoring
- **WebGPT 2021-12 | All | EN | HG & CI | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.09332.pdf) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/openai/webgpt_comparisons)**
- Publisher: OpenAI
- Size: 19578 instances
- License: -
- Domain: General
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Preference Evaluation Method: SC-H
- Source: Open source datasets & Manual scoring
- **Alpaca_comparison_data 2023-3 | All | EN | MC | [Github](https://github.com/Instruction-Tuning-with-GPT-4/GPT-4-LLM#data-release)**
- Publisher: Stanford Alpaca
- Size: 51K instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Domain: General
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Preference Evaluation Method: SC-M
- Source: Generated by three LLMs & GPT-4 scoring
- **Stable_Alignment 2023-5 | All | EN | MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.16960.pdf) | [Github](https://github.com/agi-templar/Stable-Alignment)**
- Publisher: Dartmouth College et al.
- Size: 169K instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Domain: General
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Preference Evaluation Method: SC-M
- Source: Generated by LLMs & Model scoring
- **UltraFeedback 2023-10 | All | EN | CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.01377) | [Github](https://github.com/OpenBMB/UltraFeedback) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/openbmb/UltraFeedback)**
- Publisher: Tsinghua University et al.
- Size: 63967 instances
- License: MIT
- Domain: General
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Preference Evaluation Method: SC-M
- Source: Generated by seventeen LLMs & Model scoring
- **OpenHermesPreferences 2024-3 | All | EN | CI & MC | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/argilla/OpenHermesPreferences)**
- Publisher: Argilla et al.
- Size: 989490 instances
- License: -
- Domain: General
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Preference Evaluation Method: SO-M
- Source: OpenHermes-2.5 dataset & Model sorting
- **HelpSteer 2023-11 | All | EN | HG & CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.09528) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/HelpSteer)**
- Publisher: NVIDIA
- Size: 37120 instances
- License: CC-BY-4.0
- Domain: General
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Preference Evaluation Method: SC-H
- Source: Generated by LLMs & Manual judgment
- **HelpSteer2 2024-6 | All | EN | HG & CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.08673) | [Github](https://github.com/NVIDIA/NeMo-Aligner) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/HelpSteer2)**
- Publisher: NVIDIA
- Size: 21362 instances
- License: CC-BY-4.0
- Domain: General
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Preference Evaluation Method: SC-H
- Source: Generated by LLMs & Manual judgment
- **Medical-rlhf 2023-5 | All | ZH | CI & MC | [Github](https://github.com/shibing624/MedicalGPT) | [Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/shibing624/medical)**
- Publisher: Ming Xu
- Size: 4K instances
- License: Apache-2.0
- Domain: Medical
- Instruction Category: Multi
- Preference Evaluation Method: Other
- Source: Response_chosen comes from the doctor's response & Response_rejected comes from the model's response
- **PRM800K 2023-5 | All | EN | HG & CI & MC | [Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/23