https://github.com/mendel5/internet-access
Overview of telecommunication standards and technologies for internet access
https://github.com/mendel5/internet-access
cabel dsl fiber fibre internet itu itu-t standards telecommunications vdsl vectoring
Last synced: 7 months ago
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Overview of telecommunication standards and technologies for internet access
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/mendel5/internet-access
- Owner: mendel5
- License: agpl-3.0
- Created: 2021-01-19T14:32:34.000Z (over 4 years ago)
- Default Branch: main
- Last Pushed: 2024-05-18T12:33:13.000Z (over 1 year ago)
- Last Synced: 2025-01-11T01:33:07.005Z (9 months ago)
- Topics: cabel, dsl, fiber, fibre, internet, itu, itu-t, standards, telecommunications, vdsl, vectoring
- Homepage:
- Size: 194 KB
- Stars: 14
- Watchers: 4
- Forks: 4
- Open Issues: 0
-
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
- License: LICENSE
Awesome Lists containing this project
README
# internet-access
Telecommunication standards and technologies for internet access
Note: Some content is focused on Germany.
See also / Siehe auch:
- https://github.com/mendel5/telekom
- https://github.com/mendel5/glasfaser
## Früher und heute
- https://www.webopedia.com/reference/internet-connection-types/
### Früher 1
- Wählleitung (auch Einwahlverbindung), englisch Dial-up Internet access
- Sprache und Daten über analoges Signal
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4hlleitung
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dial-up_Internet_access (siehe Ton hier)
### Früher 2
- ISDN
- Sprache und Daten über digitales Signal
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Network
### Früher 3
- ISDN und DSL
- Benötigt einen DSL-Splitter und einen NTBA (Network Termination for ISDN Basic rate Access)
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSL-Splitter
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Termination_for_ISDN_Basic_rate_Access
### Heute
- DSL (VOIP) oder Glasfaser
- Router (z.B. Fritzbox) mit integrierter Firewall und Network address translation (NAT)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address_translation
## Technology overview
- DSL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_subscriber_line#DSL_technologies and https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Subscriber_Line#DSL-Varianten
- Cable (TV cable): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS#Versions
- Fibre GPON: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_optical_network and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.984
- Fibre AON: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber_to_the_x#Active_optical_network and https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Optical_Network
- Mobile 2G (GSM): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G
- Mobile 3G (UMTS): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G
- Mobile 4G (LTE, LTE-Advanced): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G
- Mobile 5G (NR / 5G NR): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5G
- Overview: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_phone_standards and https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobilfunkstandard
- Templates:
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Telecommunications
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:DSL_technologies
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cellular_network_standards
## Images
Example images for certain technologies
- DSL
- [Image 1](https://www.hausjournal.net/wp-content/uploads/telefonkabel-anschliessen.jpg), [Backup](https://archive.is/1JGtm)
- [Image 2](https://images.gutefrage.net/media/fragen/bilder/dsl-dose-ab-wo-kommen-die-zwei-kabel-hin/1_big.jpg), [Backup](https://web.archive.org/web/20210520152944/https://images.gutefrage.net/media/fragen/bilder/dsl-dose-ab-wo-kommen-die-zwei-kabel-hin/1_big.jpg)
- [Image 3](https://www.lteforum.at/attachments/201908-jpg.20482/), [Backup](https://web.archive.org/web/20210520160625/https://www.lteforum.at/attachments/201908-jpg.20482/)
- [Image 4](https://abload.de/img/img_20170525_135903krsd9.jpg), [Backup](https://web.archive.org/web/20210520152647/https://abload.de/img/img_20170525_135903krsd9.jpg)
- [Image 5](https://www.teltarif.de/img/arch/2017/kw06/speisespannung-tae-telekom-all-ip-1l1.jpg), [Backup](https://archive.is/C11Tl)
- [Image 6](https://www.itwissen.info/lex-images/tae-f-stecker-fuer-telefonie.png), [Backup](https://archive.is/rf1Hm)
- Cable (TV cable)
- [Image 1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Coaxial_cable_cut.jpg), [Backup](https://web.archive.org/web/20210520160609/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Coaxial_cable_cut.jpg)
- [Image 2](https://www.ksb.com/blob/187668/64ee1e774109a17f87644d59f84fa568/koaxialkabel-1-data.jpg), [Backup](https://web.archive.org/web/20210520160607/https://www.ksb.com/blob/187668/64ee1e774109a17f87644d59f84fa568/koaxialkabel-1-data.jpg)
- [Image 3](https://www.reichelt.de/magazin/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Ethernet-over-coax.png), [Backup](https://web.archive.org/web/20210520160611/https://www.reichelt.de/magazin/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Ethernet-over-coax.png)
- [Image 4](https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/NcUAAOSwlP5gi9mB/s-l1600.jpg), [Backup](https://web.archive.org/web/20210520160612/https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/NcUAAOSwlP5gi9mB/s-l1600.jpg)
- Fibre GPON
- [Backup A](https://archive.is/N9QjC), [Backup B](https://web.archive.org/web/20210520160616/https://www.birnstiel.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/12135293-lowres-Ausschnitt-Faser-ohne-Mantel-1024x983-1.jpg), [Image 1](https://www.birnstiel.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/12135293-lowres-Ausschnitt-Faser-ohne-Mantel-1024x983-1.jpg)
- [Backup A](https://archive.is/4eYl0), [Backup B](https://web.archive.org/web/20210606123115/https://www.birnstiel.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/12135287-lowres-Ausschnitt-Faser-mit-Mantel-1024x682-1.jpg), [Image 2](https://www.birnstiel.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/12135287-lowres-Ausschnitt-Faser-mit-Mantel-1024x682-1.jpg)
- [Backup A](https://archive.is/DmLlo), [Backup B](https://web.archive.org/web/20210520160618/https://www.birnstiel.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/20191220-Patch_1.jpg), [Image 3](https://www.birnstiel.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/20191220-Patch_1.jpg)
- [Image 4](https://i.ebayimg.com/00/s/MTQ5N1gxNjAw/z/JjQAAOSw8BpgDBvR/$_57.JPG), [Backup](https://web.archive.org/web/20210520160620/https://i.ebayimg.com/00/s/MTQ5N1gxNjAw/z/JjQAAOSw8BpgDBvR/$_57.JPG)
- [Image 5](https://heise.cloudimg.io/width/4959/q75.png-lossy-75.webp-lossy-75.foil1/_www-heise-de_/imgs/18/3/0/6/8/9/7/2/glasfaserfritz_114422_ea_jg_e-c0892ea42cec372e.jpeg), [Backup](https://web.archive.org/web/20210320141456/https://heise.cloudimg.io/width/4959/q75.png-lossy-75.webp-lossy-75.foil1/_www-heise-de_/imgs/18/3/0/6/8/9/7/2/glasfaserfritz_114422_ea_jg_e-c0892ea42cec372e.jpeg)
- [Image 6](https://www.hardwareluxx.de/images/stories/newsbilder/aschilling/2016/ftth-conference-avm-3.jpg), [Backup](https://web.archive.org/web/20210520161209/https://www.hardwareluxx.de/images/stories/newsbilder/aschilling/2016/ftth-conference-avm-3.jpg)
## AVM Fritz Links
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz!Box-Modellliste
- https://avm.de/service/update-news/neueste-updates-der-fritz-produkte/ Neueste Updates der FRITZ!-Produkte
- https://avm.de/service/status-der-produktunterstuetzung/fritzbox/ Status der Produktunterstützung
- https://boxmatrix.info/wiki/BoxMatrix
## Devices
### Fritzbox 7590 AX DSL
- DSL
- https://avm.de/produkte/fritzbox/fritzbox-7590-ax/
- https://geizhals.de/avm-fritz-box-7590-ax-a2520878.html
- https://boxmatrix.info/wiki/FRITZ!Box_7590_AX
```
Supported DSL standards
- DT AG 1TR112 Annex B und Annex J (ADSL2 / ADSL2+ / VDSL2)
- ITU G.993.2 Annex Q (Supervectoring 35b)
- ITU G.998.4 / G.INP (VDSL2-Vectoring)
- ITU G.993.5 / G.Vector (VDSL2-Vectoring)
- ITU G.993.2 Annex A und Annex B (VDSL2)
- ITU G.992.5 Annex A, Annex B, Annex J und Annex M (ADSL2+)
- ITU G.992.3 Annex A, Annex B, Annex J und Annex M (ADSL2)
Supported DSL technologies
- VDSL Long Reach (LR-VDSL2)
- ADSL Rate Adaptive Mode (RAM)
- ADSL Downstream Power Back Off (DPBO)
Changes of the 7590 AX compared to the 7590 (non-AX):
> Zwei alte Zöpfe hat AVM bei der 7590 AX aber abgeschnitten:
> Das xDSL-Modem unterstützt kein ADSL1 (max. 8 MBit/s) mehr.
> Auch läuft das Gerät an keiner der noch wenigen verbliebenen ISDN-Amtsleitungen.
```
Sources:
- https://avm.de/service/wissensdatenbank/dok/FRITZ-Box-7590-AX/37_Unterstutzte-DSL-Anschlusse/
- https://www.heise.de/news/Fritzbox-7590-AX-AVMs-erster-WLAN-Router-mit-Wi-Fi-6-und-4-MIMO-Streams-6035850.html
### Fritzbox 7590 DSL
- DSL
- https://avm.de/produkte/fritzbox/fritzbox-7590/
- https://geizhals.de/avm-fritz-box-7590-20002784-a1596115.html
- https://boxmatrix.info/wiki/FRITZ!Box_7590
```
Supported DSL standards
- DT AG 1TR112 Annex B and Annex J (ADSL / ADSL2 / ADSL2+ / VDSL2)
- ITU G.993.2 Annex Q (Supervectoring 35b)
- ITU G.998.4 / G.INP (VDSL2-Vectoring)
- ITU G.993.5 / G.Vector (VDSL2-Vectoring)
- ITU G.993.2 Annex A and Annex B (VDSL2)
- ITU G.992.5 Annex A, Annex B, Annex J and Annex M (ADSL2+)
- ITU G.992.3 Annex A, Annex B, Annex J and Annex M (ADSL2)
- ITU G.992.1 / G.dmt Annex A and Annex B (ADSL)
Supported DSL technologies
- VDSL Long Reach (LR-VDSL2)
- ADSL Rate Adaptive Mode (RAM)
- ADSL Downstream Power Back Off (DPBO)
```
Source:
- https://avm.de/service/wissensdatenbank/dok/FRITZ-Box-7590/37_Unterstutzte-DSL-Anschlusse/
### Fritzbox 7583 DSL
- DSL
- https://avm.de/produkte/fritzbox/fritzbox-7583/
- https://geizhals.de/avm-fritz-box-7583-20002847-a1776713.html
- https://boxmatrix.info/wiki/FRITZ!Box_7583
- https://avm.de/service/wissensdatenbank/dok/FRITZ-Box-7583/37_Unterstutzte-DSL-Anschlusse/
### Fritzbox 7530 AX DSL
- DSL
- https://avm.de/produkte/fritzbox/fritzbox-7530-ax/
- https://geizhals.de/avm-fritz-box-7530-ax-a2411180.html
- https://boxmatrix.info/wiki/FRITZ!Box_7530_AX
- https://avm.de/service/wissensdatenbank/dok/FRITZ-Box-7530-AX/37_Unterstutzte-DSL-Anschlusse/
### Fritzbox 7530 DSL
- DSL
- https://avm.de/produkte/fritzbox/fritzbox-7530/
- https://geizhals.de/avm-fritz-box-7530-20002839-a1876917.html
- https://boxmatrix.info/wiki/FRITZ!Box_7530
- https://avm.de/service/wissensdatenbank/dok/FRITZ-Box-7530/37_Unterstutzte-DSL-Anschlusse/
### Fritzbox 7490 DSL
- DSL
- https://geizhals.de/avm-fritz-box-7490-20002584-20002585-a992918.html
- https://boxmatrix.info/wiki/FRITZ!Box_7490
```
Supported DSL standards
- DT AG 1TR112 Annex B and Annex J (ADSL / ADSL2 / ADSL2+ / VDSL2)
- ITU G.998.4 / G.INP (VDSL2-Vectoring)
- ITU G.993.5 / G.Vector (VDSL2-Vectoring)
- ITU G.993.2 Annex A and Annex B (VDSL2)
- ITU G.992.5 Annex A, Annex B, Annex J and Annex M (ADSL2+)
- ITU G.992.3 Annex A, Annex B, Annex J and Annex M (ADSL2)
- ITU G.992.1 / G.dmt Annex A and Annex B (ADSL)
Supported DSL technologies
- ADSL Rate Adaptive Mode (RAM)
- ADSL Downstream Power Back Off (DPBO)
```
Source:
- https://avm.de/service/wissensdatenbank/dok/FRITZ-Box-7490/37_Unterstutzte-DSL-Anschlusse/
### Fritzbox 6690 Cable
- Cable
- https://avm.de/produkte/fritzbox/fritzbox-6690-cable/
- https://geizhals.de/avm-fritz-box-6690-cable-a2627283.html
- https://boxmatrix.info/wiki/FRITZ!Box_6690_Cable
- https://avm.de/service/wissensdatenbank/dok/FRITZ-Box-6690-Cable/37_Unterstutzte-Kabelanschlusse/
### Fritzbox 6660 Cable
- Cable
- https://avm.de/produkte/fritzbox/fritzbox-6660-cable/
- https://geizhals.de/avm-fritz-box-6660-cable-a2127145.html
- https://boxmatrix.info/wiki/FRITZ!Box_6660_Cable
- https://avm.de/service/wissensdatenbank/dok/FRITZ-Box-6660-Cable/37_Unterstutzte-Kabelanschlusse/
### Fritzbox 6591 Cable
- Cable
- https://avm.de/produkte/fritzbox/fritzbox-6591-cable/
- https://geizhals.de/avm-fritz-box-6591-cable-20002857-a1631879.html
- https://boxmatrix.info/wiki/FRITZ!Box_6591_Cable
```
Supported cable standards
- DOCSIS 3.1 (ITU-T J.222)
- EuroDOCSIS 3.0
```
Source:
- https://avm.de/service/wissensdatenbank/dok/FRITZ-Box-6591-Cable/37_Unterstutzte-Kabelanschlusse/
### Fritzbox 5590 Fiber
- Fiber
- https://geizhals.de/avm-fritz-box-5590-fiber-a2685109.html
- https://boxmatrix.info/wiki/FRITZ!Box_5590_Fiber
- https://www.heise.de/news/Fritzbox-5590-Fiber-Glasfaser-Router-mit-Wi-Fi-6-und-jetzt-auch-USB-6522897.html
- https://avm.de/service/wissensdatenbank/dok/FRITZ-Box-5590-Fiber/37_Unterstutzte-Glasfaseranschlusse/
### Fritzbox 5530 Fiber
- Fiber
- https://avm.de/produkte/fritzbox/fritzbox-5530-fiber/
- https://geizhals.de/avm-fritz-box-5530-a2127125.html
- https://boxmatrix.info/wiki/FRITZ!Box_5530_Fiber
```
Supported fiber standards
- ITU-T G.652 (AON)
- ITU-T G.984.2 / G.984.5 (GPON)
- ITU-T G.9807.1 (XGS-PON)
- ITU-T G.989 (NG-PON)
- IEEE 802.3ah-2004 (ePON)
- Turbo Mode ePON
- 1000BASE-BX10
```
Source:
- https://avm.de/service/wissensdatenbank/dok/FRITZ-Box-5530/37_Unterstutzte-Glasfaseranschlusse/
### Fritzbox 6890 DSL LTE
- DSL, LTE
- https://avm.de/produkte/fritzbox/fritzbox-6890-lte/
- https://geizhals.de/avm-fritz-box-6890-lte-20002817-a1680140.html
- https://boxmatrix.info/wiki/FRITZ!Box_6890_LTE_v2
```
# Mobile network
Supported LTE frequencies
- Band 1 (Frequenzbereich 2,1 GHz)
- Band 3 (Frequenzbereich 1,8 GHz)
- Band 7 (Frequenzbereich 2,6 GHz)
- Band 8 (Frequenzbereich 900 MHz)
- Band 20 (Frequenzbereich 800 MHz)
- Band 28 (Frequenzbereich 700 MHz)
- Band 32 (Frequenzbereich 1,4 GHz)
Supported UMTS frequencies
- Band 1 (Frequenzbereich 2,1 GHz)
- Band 8 (Frequenzbereich 900 MHz)
# DSL
Supported DSL standards
- DT AG 1TR112 Annex B and Annex J (ADSL / ADSL2 / ADSL2+ / VDSL2)
- ITU G.993.2 Annex Q (Supervectoring 35b)
- ITU G.998.4 / G.INP (VDSL2-Vectoring)
- ITU G.993.5 / G.Vector (VDSL2-Vectoring)
- ITU G.993.2 Annex A and Annex B (VDSL2)
- ITU G.992.5 Annex A, Annex B, Annex J and Annex M (ADSL2+)
- ITU G.992.3 Annex A, Annex B, Annex J and Annex M (ADSL2)
- ITU G.992.1 / G.dmt Annex A and Annex B (ADSL)
Unterstützte DSL-Technologien
- VDSL Long Reach (LR-VDSL2)
- ADSL Rate Adaptive Mode (RAM)
- ADSL Downstream Power Back Off (DPBO)
```
Source:
- https://avm.de/service/wissensdatenbank/dok/FRITZ-Box-6890-LTE/37_Unterstutzte-Internetanschlusse/
### Fritzbox 6850 5G
- https://avm.de/produkte/fritzbox/fritzbox-6850-5g/
- https://geizhals.de/avm-fritz-box-6850-5g-a2127165.html
- https://boxmatrix.info/wiki/FRITZ!Box_6850_5G
- https://avm.de/service/wissensdatenbank/dok/FRITZ-Box-6850-5G/37_Unterstutzte-Mobilfunknetze/
### Fritzbox 6850 LTE
- https://avm.de/produkte/fritzbox/fritzbox-6850-lte/
- https://geizhals.de/avm-fritz-box-6850-lte-a2343675.html
- https://boxmatrix.info/wiki/FRITZ!Box_6850_LTE
- https://avm.de/service/wissensdatenbank/dok/FRITZ-Box-6850-LTE/37_Unterstutzte-Mobilfunknetze/
## Standards
### DT AG 1TR112
- Technische Richtlinie der Telekom
- https://www.telekom.de/hilfe/geraete-zubehoer/telefone-und-anlagen/informationen-zu-telefonanlagen/schnittstellenbeschreibungen-fuer-hersteller
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSL-Modem#1TR112_%E2%80%93_die_U-R2-Schnittstelle_der_Deutschen_Telekom
### ITU-T G.992.1
- ADSL: Annex A and Annex B (G.dmt)
- https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.992.1
- https://www.itu.int/ITU-T/recommendations/rec.aspx?id=4718
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.992.1
### ITU-T G.992.3
- ADSL2: Annex A, Annex B, Annex J and Annex M
- https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.992.3
- https://www.itu.int/ITU-T/recommendations/rec.aspx?id=9652
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.992.3
### ITU-T G.992.5
- ADSL2+: Annex A, Annex B, Annex J and Annex M
- https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.992.5
- https://www.itu.int/ITU-T/recommendations/rec.aspx?id=9653
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.992.5
### ITU-T G.993.2
- VDSL2: Annex A, Annex B and Annex Q (Supervectoring 35b)
- https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.993.2
- https://www.itu.int/ITU-T/recommendations/rec.aspx?id=13747
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VDSL
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very_High_Speed_Digital_Subscriber_Line
- https://www.elektronik-kompendium.de/sites/kom/1911061.htm
### ITU-T G.993.5
- Vectoring (VDSL2-Vectoring, G.Vector)
- https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.993.5
- https://www.itu.int/ITU-T/recommendations/rec.aspx?id=13748
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VDSL#VDSL2_vectoring
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/VDSL2-Vectoring
- https://www.elektronik-kompendium.de/sites/kom/1804231.htm
### ITU-T G.998.4
- G.INP (with VDSL2-Vectoring, INP = impulse noise protection)
- https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.998.4
- https://www.itu.int/ITU-T/recommendations/rec.aspx?id=13754
### ITU-T J.222
- DOCSIS 3.0
- https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-J.222.1/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS
### ITU-T G.984
- GPON
- https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.984.1
- https://www.itu.int/ITU-T/recommendations/rec.aspx?rec=11495
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.984
- https://www.elektronik-kompendium.de/sites/kom/1403181.htm
### ITU-T G.652
- AON
- https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.652/
- https://www.itu.int/itu-t/recommendations/rec.aspx?rec=13076
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.652
## Links
### General
- https://www.nokia.com/about-us/newsroom/articles/open-ran-explained/
- https://wade4wireless.com/2018/07/05/what-are-open-ran-systems-pros-and-cons/
- https://www.golem.de/news/netzwerke-warum-5g-nicht-das-bessere-wi-fi-ist-1912-145178.html
- https://www.golem.de/news/billige-mobilfunkstationen-open-ran-ist-veraltet-und-nuetzt-derzeit-vor-allem-den-usa-2101-153625.html
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_spectrum and https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequenzband
- https://kompendium.infotip.de/dsl-technik.html
- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27171860
- https://fabiensanglard.net/lte/index.html
- https://www.birnstiel.de/glasfaser/
- https://www.glasfaser-internet.info/technik/aon-pon-gpon.html
- https://www.deskmodder.de/blog/2021/01/19/deutsche-glasfaser-unverschaemte-einschraenkungen-kosten-fuer-routerfreiheit/
- https://www.finanztip.de/blog/nl_2021kw22/#pfp1
- https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz!Box-Modellliste
- http://sites.prenninger.com/wlan/wlan-fuer-einsteiger
- https://www.heise.de/ct/artikel/Volles-Rohr-287180.html
- http://en.techinfodepot.shoutwiki.com/wiki/Main_Page
- https://wikidevi.wi-cat.ru/Main_Page
- https://www.duckware.com/tech/wifi-in-the-us.html Wi-Fi 4/5/6/6E/7 (802.11 n/ac/ax/be), WiFi WLAN
### Coverage Maps
- Telekom New Coverage map: https://t-map.telekom.de/tmap2/coverage_checker/
- Telekom Old Coverage map: https://t-map.telekom.de/tmap/resources/apps/coverage_checker/index.html
- Telekom Coverage info: https://www.telekom.de/netz/mobilfunk-netzausbau
- Vodafone Coverage map: https://netmap.vodafone.de/cokart-client/index.html?lang=de&app=cokart_4x
- Vodafone Coverage info: https://www.vodafone.de/hilfe/netzabdeckung.html
### Cellular Towers and Signal Maps
- Cellmapper: https://www.cellmapper.net/map
- https://www.similarweb.com/website/cellmapper.net/competitors/
### Info
- ADSL2 has never been supported in Germany.
- https://www.elektronik-kompendium.de/sites/kom/1005161.htm ADSL2
- https://www.elektronik-kompendium.de/sites/kom/1302121.htm ADSL2+
- VDSL1 has never been supported in Germany.
- https://www.elektronik-kompendium.de/sites/kom/0305237.htm VDSL
- https://www.elektronik-kompendium.de/sites/kom/1911061.htm VDSL2
### Mobile voice codecs
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_audio_codec AMR (AMR Narrow Band)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_Wideband AMR-WB (AMR Wide Band)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_Voice_Services EVS (Superwideband)
- Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9SyjzV1Zlc Rohde Schwarz VoNR
- Source: https://www.crealog.com/de/blog-news/news/evs-der-codec-fuer-bessere-akustische-qualitaet-in-allen-netzen/
### Bundesnetzagentur
- https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/DE/Vportal/TK/Funktechnik/EMF/start.html Bundesnetzagentur Mobilfunk Karte Elektromagnetische Felder (EMF)
- https://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/DE/Fachthemen/Telekommunikation/Technik/EMF/start.html Bundesnetzagentur EMF Monitoring
## Todo
- Broadband Network Gateway (BNG)
- Rate Adaptive Mode (RAM)
- Downstream Power Backoff (DPBO), G.997.1
- Power Spectrum Density Shaping (PSDS)
- VDSL2 Profile 17a
- VDSL2 Profile 35b (Supervectoring, Vplus, V+)
- Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS)
- Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
- Multi-Service Access Node (MSAN)
- Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM)
- Optical Network Termination (ONT)
- Optical Line Termination (OLT)
- Abschlusspunkt Linientechnik (APL)
- Endverzweiger (EVz)
- Telekommunikations-Anschluss-Einheit (TAE)
- Active Optical Network (AON)
- Passive Optical Network (PON)
- Fibre to the curb (FTTC)
- Fibre to the building (FTTB)
- Fibre to the home (FTTH)
- Hausübergabepunkt (HÜP)
- Glasfaser-Teilnehmeranschluss (GF-TA)
- Glasfaser-Anschlusspunkt (GF-AP)
- Network Termination (NT)
- Generic Access Network (GAN)
- Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA)
- WiFi Calling/ Voice over WiFi (VoWiFi)
- Voice over LTE (VoLTE)
- Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)
- Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UTMS)
- Next-generation network (NGN)
- Public switched telephone network (PSTN)
- Public land mobile network (PLMN)
- Teilnehmeranschlussleitung (TAL / Local loop)
- Satellite internet, e.g. SpaceX Starlink, Eutelsat Konnect
- Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS)