https://github.com/rkdud007/awesome-zkvm
A curated list of zkVM, zero-knowledge virtual machine
https://github.com/rkdud007/awesome-zkvm
List: awesome-zkvm
awesome zero-knowledge zkvm
Last synced: 5 months ago
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A curated list of zkVM, zero-knowledge virtual machine
- Host: GitHub
- URL: https://github.com/rkdud007/awesome-zkvm
- Owner: rkdud007
- License: mit
- Created: 2024-11-01T17:40:10.000Z (8 months ago)
- Default Branch: main
- Last Pushed: 2024-12-18T06:33:15.000Z (6 months ago)
- Last Synced: 2024-12-27T17:01:52.860Z (6 months ago)
- Topics: awesome, zero-knowledge, zkvm
- Homepage:
- Size: 43 KB
- Stars: 123
- Watchers: 4
- Forks: 17
- Open Issues: 4
-
Metadata Files:
- Readme: README.md
- Contributing: CONTRIBUTING.md
- License: LICENSE
Awesome Lists containing this project
- ultimate-awesome - awesome-zkvm - A curated list of zkVM, zero-knowledge virtual machine. (Other Lists / Julia Lists)
README
awesome zkVm
A curated list of zkVM, zero-knowledge virtual machine.
[Contributions](./CONTRIBUTING.md) and suggestions are always welcome; open issues or pull requests with any changes you want to be made.
# contents
- [contents](#contents)
- [projects](#projects)
- [bench](#bench)
- [Independent/third-party Benchmarks](#independentthird-party-benchmarks)
- [papers](#papers)
- [Cairo](#cairo)
- [Ceno](#ceno)
- [Jolt](#jolt)
- [SP1](#sp1)
- [Risc Zero](#risc-zero)
- [EDEN](#eden)
- [resources](#resources)
- [tutorials / educational zkVM](#tutorials--educational-zkvm)
- [related awesome lists](#related-awesome-lists)
## projects
> [!NOTE]
> Maintained by [@piapark_eth](https://x.com/piapark_eth) and [@alexanderlhicks](https://x.com/alexanderlhicks). Some details may be outdated; feel free to open an issue or PR. For discussions on fair tracking methods, see the [open issues](https://github.com/rkdud007/awesome-zkvm/issues).
- ISA (Instruction Set Architecture): The fundamental “language” of the VM, defining all its basic operations and how they interact with data.
- Continuations (Sharding): A technique to break oversized computations — too big for a single run — into smaller parts that can be processed in parallel, paused, and resumed later.
- Precompiles (Built-ins, Chiplets, Accelerate etc): Specialized, pre-built functions for complex tasks (like cryptography) that boost efficiency and reduce proof overhead.
- Proving Frontend: A user-friendly language for writing provable programs, which then get compiled down into the VM’s supported ISA for zero-knowledge execution.
- GPU: Indicates if proving on GPU is supported (based on publicly exposed Metal/CUDA code)
| zkVM | ISA | Continuations &
Parallel Proving | Precompiles | GPU | Proving Frontend |
| :---------------------------------------------------------------: | :------------------: | :-----------------------------------: | :------------: | :------------: | :---------------------------------: |
| [cairo](https://github.com/lambdaclass/cairo-vm) | Cairo | :red_circle: | :green_circle: | | Cairo |
| [ceno](https://github.com/scroll-tech/ceno) | RISC-V | :red_circle: | :red_circle: | | Rust |
| [eigen zkvm](https://github.com/0xEigenLabs/eigen-zkvm) | RISC-V | :green_circle: | :green_circle: | | Rust |
| [jolt](https://github.com/a16z/jolt) | RISC-V | :red_circle: | :red_circle: | | Rust |
| [miden](https://github.com/0xPolygonMiden/miden-vm) | MASM(Miden Assembly) | :red_circle: | :green_circle: | :green_circle: | Rust, Wasm |
| [mozak vm](https://github.com/0xmozak/mozak-vm) | RISC-V | :red_circle: | :red_circle: | | Rust |
| [nexus](https://github.com/nexus-xyz/nexus-zkvm) | RISC-V | :green_circle: | :green_circle: | | Rust |
| [o1vm](https://github.com/o1-labs/proof-systems/tree/master/o1vm) | MIPS & RISC-V | :red_circle: | :red_circle: | | Rust |
| [olavm](https://github.com/Sin7Y/olavm) | Ola Assembly | :red_circle: | :green_circle: | | Ola Assembly |
| [openvm](https://github.com/openvm-org/openvm) | RISC-V | :green_circle: | :green_circle: | | Rust |
| [powdrVM](https://github.com/powdr-labs/powdr) | RISC-V | :green_circle: | :green_circle: | | Rust, Powdr, PIL |
| [risc0](https://github.com/risc0/risc0) | RISC-V | :green_circle: | :green_circle: | :green_circle: | Rust |
| [sp1](https://github.com/succinctlabs/sp1) | RISC-V | :green_circle: | :green_circle: | :green_circle: | Rust |
| [sphinx](https://github.com/argumentcomputer/sphinx) | RISC-V | :green_circle: | :green_circle: | | Rust |
| [triton vm](https://github.com/TritonVM/triton-vm) | Triton Assembly | :red_circle: | :red_circle: | | Triton Assembly |
| [valida](https://github.com/valida-xyz/valida) | Valida | :red_circle: | :red_circle: | | Rust, C |
| [zisk](https://github.com/0xPolygonHermez/zisk) | RISC-V | :red_circle: | :red_circle: | | PIL |
| [zkm](https://github.com/zkMIPS/zkm) | MIPS | :green_circle: | :green_circle: | | Rust, Go |
| [zkWasm](https://github.com/DelphinusLab/zkWasm) | Wasm | :green_circle: | :green_circle: | | C, C++, rust, etc (wasm compilable) |
## bench
- [benchmarks (lita)](https://lita.gitbook.io/lita-documentation/architecture/benchmarks) | [code](https://github.com/lita-xyz/benchmarks)
- [benchmark (risc0)](https://reports.risczero.com/benchmarks/Linux-cpu) | [code](https://github.com/risc0/risc0/tree/main/benchmarks)
- zkvm-benchmarks (a16z) | [code](https://github.com/a16z/zkvm-benchmarks)
- zkvm perf (succinct) | [code](https://github.com/succinctlabs/zkvm-perf)
## Independent/third-party Benchmarks
- definitive guide to zkVMs | [article](http://mirror.xyz/stackrlabs.eth/jEBSBZtKEiMiTrRIGMCxN7n6r7al-vi25lmrnD610W4)
- benchmark of zkVMs and proving schemes | [code](https://github.com/babybear-labs/benchmark)
## papers
### Cairo
- [Cairo – a Turing-complete STARK-friendly CPU architecture](https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/1063.pdf)
- [A Verified Algebraic Representation of Cairo Program Execution](https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3497775.3503675)
- [A Proof-Producing Compiler for Blockchain Applications](https://drops.dagstuhl.de/storage/00lipics/lipics-vol268-itp2023/LIPIcs.ITP.2023.7/LIPIcs.ITP.2023.7.pdf)
### Ceno
- [Ceno: Non-uniform, Segment and Parallel Zero-knowledge Virtual Machine](https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/387.pdf)
### Jolt
- [Jolt: SNARKs for Virtual Machines via Lookups](https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1217.pdf)
### SP1
- [Succint Network: Prove the World's software](https://www.provewith.us/)
### Risc Zero
- [RISC Zero zkVM: Scalable, Transparent Arguments of RISC-V Integrity](https://dev.risczero.com/proof-system-in-detail.pdf)
### EDEN
- [EDEN](https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1021.pdf)
## resources
- [a zero-knowledge paradigm series](https://www.lita.foundation/blog/zero-knowledge-paradigm-zkvm)
- [cairo – a turing-complete stark-friendly cpu architecture - shahar papini](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vVgHL5vpJxY&t=33s)
- [lasso + jolt playlist](https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjQ9HCQMu_8xjOEM_vh5p26ODtr-mmGxO&si=Uega8IMg_J8kNaa8)
- [new paradigm in ethereum l2 scaling: multi-proving and zk-vms](https://www.mikkoikola.com/blog/2023/12/11/new-paradigm-in-ethereum-l2-scaling-multi-proving-and-zk-vms)
- [the nexus v1.0 zkvm - daniel marin (nexus)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UtzFOwQp8n4)
- [understanding jolt: clarifications and reflections](https://a16zcrypto.com/posts/article/understanding-jolt-clarifications-and-reflections/)
- [zk whiteboard sessions – module seven: zero knowledge virtual machines (zkvm) with grjte](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRFPGJW0hic)
- [zk10: analysis of zkvm designs - wei dai & terry chung](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tWJZX-WmbeY&t=325s)
- [zk11: o1vm: building a real-world zkvm for mips - danny willems](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HDH2KXRAxAc)
- [zk12: memory checking in ivc-based zkvm - jens groth](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kzSYNFh4uQ0&list=PLothk45x3HC9Oz4f3e9-OoYUEytfHWCl5)
- [zk7: miden vm: a stark-friendly vm for blockchains - bobbin threadbare – polygon](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=81UAaiIgIYA&t=803s)
- [zeroing into zkvm](https://taiko.mirror.xyz/e_5GeGGFJIrOxqvXOfzY6HmWcRjCjRyG0NQF1zbNpNQ)
- [zkvm design walkthrough with max and daniel](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aobrJ-zTcAU)
- [Verification of zkWasm in Coq](https://github.com/CertiKProject/zkwasm-fv)
- [zk11: polynomial acceleration for stark vms](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R07ina4k7hg)
- [what does risc v have to do with risc zero's zkvm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11DIflEwx50)
- [risc zero architecture presentation @ stanford](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RtGk6967PC4)
- [continuations: scaling in zkvm](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h1qWnf-M5lo)
- [Getting the bugs out of SNARKs: The road ahead](https://a16zcrypto.com/posts/article/getting-bugs-out-of-snarks/)
- [~tacryt-socryp on Zorp, the Nock zkVM | Reassembly23](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zD45V6GAD00)
## tutorials / educational zkVM
- [brainfuck tutorial](https://neptune.cash/learn/brainfuck-tutorial/)
- [chip0](https://github.com/shuklaayush/chip0)
- [continuous read only memory constraints an implementation using lambdaworks](https://blog.lambdaclass.com/continuous-read-only-memory-constraints-an-implementation-using-lambdaworks/)
- [fri from scratch](https://blog.lambdaclass.com/how-to-code-fri-from-scratch/)
- [stark by hand](https://dev.risczero.com/proof-system/stark-by-hand)
- [stark brainfuck](https://aszepieniec.github.io/stark-brainfuck/)
- [stark 101](https://starkware.co/stark-101/)
- [stwo brainfuck](https://github.com/kkrt-labs/stwo-brainfuck)
- [useless zkvm](https://github.com/armanthepythonguy/Useless-ZKVM)
- [Anatomy of a STARK](https://aszepieniec.github.io/stark-anatomy/)
## related awesome lists
- [awesome risc0](https://github.com/inversebrah/awesome-risc0)
- [awesome sp1](https://github.com/gakonst/awesome-sp1)
- [awesome starknet #cryptography-and-maths](https://github.com/keep-starknet-strange/awesome-starknet?tab=readme-ov-file#cryptography-and-maths)
- [awesome zkp](https://github.com/matter-labs/awesome-zero-knowledge-proofs)
- [awesome miden](https://github.com/phklive/awesome-miden)
- [awesome plonky3](https://github.com/Plonky3/awesome-plonky3)