Cryptography

Cryptography, or cryptology is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior. More generally, cryptography is about constructing and analyzing protocols that prevent third parties or the public from reading private messages.

GitHub: https://github.com/topics/cryptography
Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptography
Last updated: 2026-06-29 00:07:02 UTC
JSON Representation

https://github.com/systemslibrarian/crypto-lab-dead-sea-cipher

Browser-based cryptographic history demo — from Atbash in Jeremiah 25:26 (~600 BCE) to AES-256-GCM (2001 CE). Every cipher, every fatal flaw, every lesson that built the next one.

aes-gcm atbash caesar-cipher cryptography frequency-analysis historical-ciphers kasiski one-time-pad vigenere-cipher webcrypto

Last synced: 01 Jun 2026

https://github.com/mduo13/sha512half

cryptography python3 sha512 sha512half

Last synced: 08 Oct 2025

https://github.com/systemslibrarian/crypto-lab-sphincs-ledger

Browser-based demo of SLH-DSA (SPHINCS+), a hash-based post-quantum digital signature scheme standardized as NIST FIPS 205

browser-demo crypto-lab cryptography digital-signatures hash-based-signatures javascript nist-fips-205 post-quantum-cryptography slh-dsa sphincs-plus

Last synced: 01 Jun 2026

https://github.com/systemslibrarian/crypto-lab-biham-lens

Browser-based demo of differential cryptanalysis — the attack co-invented by Eli Biham and Adi Shamir (Israel, 1990) that broke DES. Live attack on a toy SPN cipher, DDT visualization, and the story of how Biham used his own attack to design Serpent.

adi-shamir block-cipher browser-demo cryptanalysis crypto-compare cryptography des difference-distribution-table differential-cryptanalysis eli-biham s-box serpent spn-cipher typescript vite

Last synced: 01 Jun 2026

https://github.com/systemslibrarian/crypto-lab-dilithium-seal

Browser-based demo of ML-DSA (CRYSTALS-Dilithium), the lattice-based post-quantum digital signature scheme standardized as NIST FIPS 204 in August 2024. Sign, verify, and seal documents — quantum-resistant.

browser-demo crypto-lab cryptography crystals-dilithium digital-signatures lattice-cryptography ml-dsa module-lwe nist-fips-204 post-quantum-cryptography typescript vite webcrypto

Last synced: 01 Jun 2026

https://github.com/crime-trix/metacrypt-cpp

C++20 MetaCrypt authenticated encryption envelope using Windows CNG

aes-gcm cpp cryptography cxx20 encryption pbkdf2 windows

Last synced: 02 Jun 2026

https://github.com/reznik99/cryptotools

Crypto playground in your browser

cryptography material-ui pkcs1 pkcs10 pkcs8 react sec1 subtlecrypto x509

Last synced: 09 Feb 2026

https://github.com/botti01/cryptography

This Repository is based on the "Cryptography" course @polito, it provides a foundational introduction to cryptography, focusing on state-of-the-art cryptographic algorithms essential for computer system security.

c capture-the-flag cryptography openssl python

Last synced: 15 Jun 2026

https://github.com/i5ar/eccrypt

Encrypt your file with ease.

cryptography

Last synced: 28 Jul 2025

https://github.com/chardoncs/minotp

Simple OTP library for Rust.

cryptography hotp one-time-password otp rust totp

Last synced: 10 Feb 2026

https://github.com/edycutjong/epoch

⏳ Verifiable, privacy-blind inheritance and continuity orchestration inside hardware-isolated enclaves.

cryptography dead-mans-switch intel-tdx nextjs rust tee webassembly

Last synced: 21 Jun 2026

https://github.com/abdulsamie10/rsaencryptiondecryption

This repository contains code of encryption and decryption of data using RSA. Developed in Java.

aes aes-128 aes-256 aes-encryption aes256 cryptography eclipse java java-8 rsa rsa-cryptography rsa-decryption rsa-encryption rsa-java

Last synced: 07 Nov 2025

https://github.com/sakshamsharma1821/slip39dotnet

bip32 bitcoin cryptocurrency cryptography csharp dotnet mnemonic secret-sharing shamir-secret-sharing slip-0039 vibe-coding

Last synced: 20 Jan 2026

https://github.com/gatanegro/quantumcom

Quantum in Unified Oscillatory Field Theory and the Collatz Octave Framework

bells collatz cryptography dynamics entanglement-entropy holography inequality nonlinear quantum qubit uoft

Last synced: 25 Jul 2025

https://github.com/ametel01/tatsumaki

Token mixer for Starknet

cairo cryptography privacy starknet

Last synced: 28 Feb 2026

https://github.com/trinetra110/chronocrypt

ChronoCrypt is a powerful CLI-based encryption tool that allows users to create time-locked secure notes that self-destruct after a specified duration. It uses AES-256 encryption (CBC mode) to securely store sensitive information, ensuring that notes are unreadable beyond their expiry time.

cryptography cybersecurity-tools secure-delete

Last synced: 25 Jul 2025

https://github.com/glitchedpolygons/glitchaes.blazorwebapp

GlitchAES (say: "glitches") is a web-based (zero-knowledge, static client-side only) GUI that wraps AES-GCM.

aes cryptography decryption encryption gcm symmetric

Last synced: 14 Feb 2026

https://github.com/kevincharm/blstoise

BLS12-381 + pairings + RFC9380 + BLS sigs

bls bls12-381 cryptography

Last synced: 28 Feb 2026

https://github.com/markcda/unitech-infosec-basics-practice-2nd-gr

Учебно-лабораторная практика за 2-й курс

cryptography university-coursework

Last synced: 15 Feb 2026

https://github.com/hazae41/x25519

X25519 adapter for WebAssembly and JS implementations

adapter browser cryptography curve25519 javascript typescript webassembly x25519

Last synced: 03 Feb 2026

https://github.com/animo/expo-secure-environment

Expo Module for cryptographic operations using the devices Secure Environment behind biometric authentication.

android biometry cryptography expo ios react-native secure-environments typescript

Last synced: 16 Feb 2026

https://github.com/phma/wringtwistree.jl

Whole-message cipher and tree hash, Julia implementation

cipher-algorithm cryptography hashing-algorithm

Last synced: 18 Feb 2026

https://github.com/mokkunsuzuki-code/stage356

Stage356: Runtime Verification and Fail-Closed Execution Gate with Stage355 integrity binding, runtime decision enforcement, CI context detection, and PQC intent-only protection.

audit ci-cd cryptography cybersecurity evidence execution-gate fail-closed github-actions hash-chain integrity key-revocation key-status ml-dsa pqc qsp runtime-verification signature-verification supply-chain-security trust verification

Last synced: 23 Jun 2026

https://github.com/anindya-prithvi/text-encryption

To encrypt texts and also decrypt them using a generated/user supplied key

cryptography encryption

Last synced: 10 Jun 2026

https://github.com/oxlumi/an-introduction-to-mathematical-cryptography

Study notes, exercise solutions and rust implementations from An Introduction to Mathematical Cryptography.

cryptography math rust

Last synced: 16 Sep 2025

https://github.com/mghorbani2357/necrypt

Necrypt uses AES and RSA to present strong encryption method. It generates new cipher for each encryption with the same RSA and AES key.

aes cryptography encryption-decryption file-encryption python python3 rsa

Last synced: 26 Jul 2025

https://github.com/tinyadapter/litecrypt.core

A Simple C# Cryptography Package Based on .NET Core

cryptography dotnet-core

Last synced: 16 Apr 2026

https://github.com/mrdcvlsc/blockciphermodes

A collection of different block cipher modes, designed to facilitate secure data encryption.

block-cipher block-cipher-mode blockcipher blockcipher-mode cbc cfb cplusplus cplusplus-library cplusplus17 cpp cpp-library cpp17 cryptography data-security information-security initialization- iv key library mode-of-encryption

Last synced: 04 Mar 2026

https://github.com/romanpecheritsa/onetimesecretapi

This project implements a service for securely storing and sharing one-time secrets (FastAPI, MongoDB)

authx cryptography docker-compose fastapi mongodb motor pytest python

Last synced: 28 Apr 2026

https://github.com/elamani-drawing/morseus

Morseus est une bibliothèque Rust permettant d'encoder et de décoder le texte en code Morse. Elle offre également la possibilité de jouer le code Morse en émettant des signaux sonores à l'aide du dispositif audio par défaut de votre système, ainsi que d'exporter le code Morse en fichiers audio WAV.

audio compression crates-io cryptography encoding morse morse-code rust rust-lang rustlang

Last synced: 02 Apr 2026

https://github.com/mcp-tool-shop-org/ledger-suite

Unified monorepo for cryptographic provenance ledgers — ClaimLedger and CreatorLedger

append-only cryptography digital-signatures dotnet ed25519 ledger monorepo open-source provenance typescript

Last synced: 01 Apr 2026

https://github.com/25a0/authentication-sets

Code and statistics related to authentication sets.

cryptography merkle-hash-trees

Last synced: 22 Mar 2025

https://github.com/fzheng/fips-crypto

High-performance post-quantum cryptography for JavaScript and TypeScript, powered by Rust + WebAssembly.

cryptography fips-203 fips-204 fips-205 ml-dsa ml-kem post-quantum slh-dsa

Last synced: 01 Apr 2026

https://github.com/ketanmehra003/silent-key

A command-line tool designed to provide multi-layered image security by combining advanced encryption (ChaCha20) and custom steganography techniques. This project enables secure image transmission and storage, making it ideal for use cases in defense, privacy protection, and digital content management.

command-line-tool cryptography cybersecurity python3

Last synced: 05 Apr 2025

https://github.com/sheroz/crypto_vectors

Cryptography test vectors in Rust

cipher cryptography test test-vectors vector

Last synced: 19 Apr 2026

https://github.com/iosialectus/haskellcipherplay

Implementations of RSA, Blum Blum Shub PRNG, affine and polyalphabetic ciphers, and supporting number theory in Haskell.

cryptography functional-programming haskell number-theory prng rsa

Last synced: 02 Apr 2026

https://github.com/oanderoficial/bitcoin-cli-script

Ferramenta em C, que é um utilitário para o bitcoin-cli. Com o Bitcoin-cli Script você terá mais agilidade em obter informações da blockchain utilizando o seu node.

bitcoin bitcoin-cli blockchain blockchain-technology cryptography linux node

Last synced: 17 Apr 2026

https://github.com/nuwax-io/nuwault-web

Advanced keyword-based password generator with client-side security, privacy focus and PWA support

client-side cryptography deterministic hashing offline password-generator password-strength privacy-first pwa security web-crypto

Last synced: 03 Jun 2026

https://github.com/waridrox/password-manager

Encrypted password manager to store website passwords.

cryptography password-manager reactjs

Last synced: 17 Apr 2026

https://github.com/jiahaoxiang2000/sbox-bgc

use the smt solver to find the sbox implementation

cryptography sbox smt

Last synced: 18 Mar 2025

https://github.com/mimi-netizen/python-scripts

This repository provides a versatile collection of Python scripts to streamline system administration tasks. It includes tools for browser automation, web scraping, and cryptographic operations, with detailed documentation and planned enhancements to expand functionality

cryptography selenium-webdriver webscraping

Last synced: 17 Apr 2026

https://github.com/lihongjie0209/sm-js-bc

SM2/SM3 cryptography TypeScript implementation based on Bouncy Castle Java - Zero dependencies, fully compatible, browser & Node.js support

bouncy-castle chinese-cryptography cryptography elliptic-curve gm-algorithm sm2 sm3 typescript

Last synced: 04 Apr 2026

https://github.com/hugoxox3/bitkeygen

BitKeyGen: A Python tool to generate Bitcoin private keys, WIFs, and addresses. Perfect for developers and crypto enthusiasts! Save keys to wallet.json securely. 🚀🔑 #Bitcoin #Crypto

bitcoin bitcoin-hacks bitcoin-key-generation bitcoin-wallet cryptocurrency cryptography cryptography-and-security

Last synced: 17 Apr 2026

https://github.com/rbourgeat/ft_ssl_md5

You will recode part of the OpenSSL program, specifically the MD5 Hashing Algorithm.

42born2code 42cursus 42paris 42projects 42school cryptography ssl

Last synced: 23 Jun 2026

https://github.com/albovo/ctf-writeups

Here you can find some of the writeups of the ctfs I've played so far.

cryptography ctf-writeups network-security pwn python reverse-engineering scripting web-security

Last synced: 17 Apr 2026

https://github.com/karpeleslab/purecrypto

A pure-Rust, no_std cryptography toolkit: constant-time primitives, classical & post-quantum public-key, X.509, and the TLS/DTLS/QUIC stack — no foreign code, no C dependencies.

constant-time crypto cryptography no-std post-quantum-cryptography pure-rust rust tls x509

Last synced: 04 Jun 2026

https://github.com/akshdzn/encore

Encore is a web based tool for obfuscating or scrambling text using a variety of methods. Useful for scavenger hunts, easter eggs, or just fun.

cipher cryptography css html svelte tools vite

Last synced: 18 Apr 2026

https://github.com/ocdbytes/secp256k1_bitcoin

This is the cryptography algorithm used in bitcoin to generate public and private keys. Bitcoin uses SECP256k1 C-language library to use this encryption in the Bitcoin operating system.

bitcoin cryptography rsa-cryptography secp256k1

Last synced: 18 Apr 2026

https://github.com/thomasarmel/binary_polynomial_mod_algebra

Basic algebra on univariate binary polynomial (over GF(2))

algebr binary cryptography polynomial univariate

Last synced: 05 Apr 2026

https://github.com/dexcompiler/curves

Elliptic curve operations over finite fields

cryptography csharp elliptic-curve-cryptography finite-fields high-performance prime-numbers

Last synced: 04 Jun 2026

https://github.com/saiteja-talluri/cryptosuite-application

A small cryptosuite application written in C++

cryptography miller-rabin rsa-encryption

Last synced: 19 Apr 2026

https://github.com/jaredliw/sunctf

SunCTF 2024 infrastructure.

competition cryptography ctf forensics hacking information-security osint penetration-testing reverse-engineering security steganography vulnerability

Last synced: 04 Jun 2026

https://github.com/demianparkhomenko/uni-rsa

RSA encryption and decryption of text files. 2 semester

algorithms cipher cryptography rsa

Last synced: 06 Apr 2025

https://github.com/nir3x/cryptorand.cpp

CryptoRand.cpp - Random Key Generation using Cryptographic Techniques

algorithm algorithms c-plus-plus cpp cryptography encryption entropy random random-number-generation security

Last synced: 04 Jun 2026

https://github.com/zsoulaimane/blockchain-road

Starting Road

basic bitcoin blockchain cryptography ethereum fullstack fundamentals python roadmap sha256

Last synced: 20 Apr 2026

https://github.com/virgilsecurity/demo-e2ee-android

A simple Android application that demonstrates how the end-to-end encryption (E2EE) works.

android cryptography demo demo-app encryption end-to-end-encryption key-management public-key-cryptography

Last synced: 21 Apr 2026

https://github.com/bch-team-pro/bch-wallet

Bitcoin Cash (BCH) – securely send, receive, and store BCH with full control over your private keys. Works on Windows, Linux, and macOS, with support for hardware wallets, QR codes, and transaction tracking. No registration required—ideal for desktop-focused users.

bch bch-coin bch-electrum-wallet bch-wallet bitcoin-cash bitcoin-wallet crypto crypto-wallet cryptography electrum electrum-bitcoin-cash electrum-cash electum-bch non-custodial web3

Last synced: 21 Apr 2026

https://github.com/separatrixxx/crypto_labs_6_sem

👓 Laboratory work for the 6th semester of MAI on cryptography

cryptography matplotlib numpy python

Last synced: 21 Apr 2026

https://github.com/aleph-im/signature-based-encryption

A simple proof of concept of generating an AES CryptoKey using an EIP-712 signed payload

cryptography encryption ethereum

Last synced: 22 Apr 2026

https://github.com/telkomdev/pycrypsi

Python custom crypto utility that wraps the pycryptodome module to make life easier (Digest, Cipher, HMAC, RSA, RSA Digital Signature)

cryptography hash python rsa telkomdev

Last synced: 05 Jun 2026

https://github.com/crosbydoo/laravel-kriptografi

Aplikasi sederhana berbasis web yang dapat upload file pdf dan dapat membaca dan meenkripsi isinya ke dalam bentuk file yang berbeda namun isinya sudah dienkripsi menggunakan AES. framework yang digunakan adalah laravel 10

aes-encryption cryptography decryption encryption kriptografi laravel php

Last synced: 21 May 2026

https://github.com/selendra/contract-registry

Selendra Contract Registry is a WASM smart contract registry writen in Rust based on ink! smart contract framwork.

cryptocurrency cryptography p2p-network payment rustlang smart-contracts token wasm

Last synced: 24 Apr 2026

https://github.com/redx94/quantumblockchainautomation

A revolutionary initiative combining Quantum Computing and Blockchain Technology to establish a secure, decentralized system for quantum-powered data integrity. This project pioneers the fusion of advanced quantum randomness with blockchain's immutability, ensuring unmatched reliability and security for distributed data processes

blockchain blockchain-immutability cryptography data-integrity decentralization distributed-systems ethereum flask-dashboard ganache ibm-quantum-experience qiskit quantum quantum-blockchain-fusion quantum-randomness quantum-security quatum-cryptography smart-contracts zeromq

Last synced: 24 Apr 2026

https://github.com/hpgrahsl/current22-k4k-demo

This repository hosts the live demo scenario shown during my Current22 talk about 'Client-Side Field Level Cryptography for Streaming Data Pipelines'

apachekafka cryptography end-to-end-encryption eventstream-pipeline kafka-connect ksql ksqldb security smt udfs

Last synced: 07 Jun 2026

https://github.com/jurshsmith/vaultstream

High-Performance Distributed Digital Signature System

cryptography ecdsa-key-pair golang jetstream nats-streaming postgresql

Last synced: 25 Apr 2026

https://github.com/ntdls/rijndael

A Rijndael/AES c++ implementation.

aes cryptography rijndael

Last synced: 25 Apr 2026

https://github.com/toxic-whitelgnd/matrice_cryptography

A simple math Project based on Matrices-Cryptography by using python-numpy

cryptography math-problem matrices numpy python3

Last synced: 25 Apr 2026

https://github.com/gbennnn/data-encryption-standard

A simple web-based DES encryption tool built with Python and Flask. This app allows users to input plaintext and an 8-character key to encrypt text using the Data Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm and view the ciphertext in hexadecimal format.

cryptography data-encryption-standard des encryption-algorithms flask python

Last synced: 25 Apr 2026

https://github.com/fstrahij/cryptography

Project on Faculty of Organization and Informatics in Varaždin on course Operationg systems 2.

aes cryptography python sha256

Last synced: 06 Jun 2026

https://github.com/aartintelligent/hosanna-rs-secret

Safe in-memory secret types for Rust - SecretString and SecretBytes with redacted Debug/Display, zeroisation on drop, constant-time equality, and deserialise-only serde. Rust counterpart to Pydantic's SecretStr / SecretBytes.

constant-time credentials cryptography no-unsafe redacted rust rust-crate secrets security zeroize

Last synced: 07 Jun 2026

https://github.com/suprim-corp/kit-backend-base-java

Reusable Java backend toolkit — UUID, JSON, crypto, exception, web & gRPC (dev.suprim)

backend cryptography exception-handling grpc java java-library json maven spring-boot utilities

Last synced: 24 Jun 2026

https://github.com/jchambers/java-noise

A Java implementation of the Noise Protocol Framework

cryptography java noise noise-protocol noise-protocol-framework security

Last synced: 26 Apr 2026

https://github.com/davidalgis/filescrypter

Simple python tool for encrypting and decrypting files. For more secure information sharing/storage.

aes cryptography encryption-decryption python

Last synced: 28 Apr 2026

https://github.com/armanghobadi/uecdh

is a lightweight, standards-compliant Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) key exchange library for MicroPython, optimized for ESP32 and other resource-constrained IoT devices

cryptography ecdh esp32 microcontroller micropyhton

Last synced: 28 Apr 2026

https://github.com/joaoiacillo/vault-guard

A script utility for encrypting and decrypting Obsidian vaults.

cryptography gpg obsidian pgp security

Last synced: 29 Apr 2026

https://github.com/ismaelvr1999/encrydb

This project is a database management system created from scratch, with a focus on security and encryption.

cryptography database nacl pynacl python

Last synced: 29 Apr 2026

https://github.com/cloudflareresearch/anonymous-credentials-agent-demo

Demo for Anonymous Credentials Token for Rate-Limiting Agents

agents cryptography mcp token

Last synced: 29 Apr 2026

https://github.com/thecolonycc/attestation-envelope-spec

Cross-platform attestation envelope spec for agent-native claims. Pointer-based evidence, custodian-signed coverage metadata, sigchain over a typed witnessed claim.

agent-identity agent-security ai-agents attestation colony cryptography ed25519 json-schema provenance specification thecolony verifiable-credentials

Last synced: 24 Jun 2026

https://github.com/rub-nds/ssh-strict-kex-violations-state-learning-artifacts

Artifacts for the paper "Finding SSH Strict Key Exchange Violations by State Learning", accepted at the ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS) 2025.

artifacts attack cryptography cve-2025-32433 cve-2025-32942 ssh statelearning strict-kex vulnerability

Last synced: 25 Jun 2026

https://github.com/mdsaddam7860/password_generator_using_react_vite_and_tailwindcss

A simple yet powerful password generator built with React and Vite for fast development, styled with Tailwind CSS for a clean, responsive design.

cryptography developer-tools frontend javascript open-source password-generator-javascript react-hooks reactjs security-tool tailwind tailwind-ui vite vitejs webapp

Last synced: 30 Apr 2026

https://github.com/maximilianfeldthusen/basic-secure-kernel-module

The code is a basic kernel module that demonstrates how to initialize a secure driver, though integrating TPM or HSM functionality would require additional kernel-space libraries, such as tpm_tis or tpm_dev for TPM devices.

aes c cryptography hsm kernel linux-kernel request tpm-plugin

Last synced: 01 May 2026

https://github.com/mutkuensert/androidsignatureexample

An example Android app for generating key pairs in trusted execution environment to sign data requiring biometric authentication using Android keystore.

android androidkeystore biometric-authentication cryptography digital-signature digital-signature-algorithm dsa-algorithm ecdsa elliptic-curve keypair keystore secure-enclave security tee trusted-execution-environment

Last synced: 01 May 2026

https://github.com/ioexcept10n/filekeeper

A project of a file encryption Android app made with .NET MAUI

android cryptography csharp cybersecurity dotnet maui

Last synced: 01 May 2026

https://github.com/haithamaljabbari/crabcrack

CrabCrack is a hash cracking tool written in Rust

cryptography cybersecurity hacking hash hashcracker programming rust

Last synced: 22 Mar 2025

https://github.com/adekbadek/files-encrypt

Encrypt/decrypt files

bash cryptography openssl

Last synced: 03 May 2026

https://github.com/jay4codes/skyjack-djss4ds

A Data Science Treasure Hunt

cryptography data-science firebase reactjs

Last synced: 04 May 2026

https://github.com/fredrikaugust/wasm-bsgs

Baby-Step Giant-Step Discrete Logarithm Problem Solver in WebAssembly (Written in Rust)

cryptography discrete-logarithm rust wasm wasm-bindgen

Last synced: 04 May 2026

https://github.com/uofsc-fall-2022-math-587-001/homework6

The Chinese remainder theorem and its application in the Pohlig-Hellman algorithm for solving the discrete logarithm problem.

cryptography discrete-logarithm go latex math

Last synced: 05 May 2026

https://github.com/systemslibrarian/structureless-labs

Open research lab for conservative post-quantum cryptography — three-depth explainers (Simple/Developer/Researcher), the sl-researchkit method, reproducible attacks, and an experimental KEM studied with it. For production, use ML-KEM.

accessibility cryptography cryptography-research explainable lattice-cryptography learning-with-errors ml-kem open-research post-quantum-cryptography pqc

Last synced: 09 Jun 2026

https://github.com/synpareia/trust-mcp

Identity and trust tools for AI agents — MCP server

agent-trust ai-agents cryptography did identity mcp mcp-server python trust verification

Last synced: 06 May 2026

https://github.com/pulijon/s3tools

Tools to manage S3 buckets and objects

aes aes-256 aws aws-glacier aws-s3 bash bucket cryptography glacier python s3 tkinter

Last synced: 06 May 2026

https://github.com/luhluh-17/kubli

A Python-based file encryption tool that securely encrypts and decrypts files and directories using Fernet symmetric encryption. Features filename obfuscation, interactive CLI interface, and batch processing capabilities.

cryptography python

Last synced: 23 Jul 2025