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Graphics Programming Resources List
https://github.com/Graphics-Programming-Virtual-Meetup/resources

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Overview
- Courses
  - 6.837: Introduction to Computer Graphics (fall 2020)
  - CMU's introductory to Computer Graphics course
- Books
  - Graphics Codex - Free book that contains chapters on physically-based shading and rendering, coding projects, and reference pages.
  - Real-Time Rendering, Fourth Edition
  - Fundamentals of Computer Graphics 5th Edition
  - Graphics Codex - Free book that contains chapters on physically-based shading and rendering, coding projects, and reference pages.
Beginner friendly
- Catlike Coding - Focuses on C# and shaders in Unity.
- ShaderToy - Huge collection of open source techniques to refer to, ranging from very basic to more advanced topics.
- Learn OpenGL - Learn OpenGL is the definitive resource for learning real-time renderer techniques as beginners. Even though it is an OpenGL tutorial, it also teaches rendering techniques at the same time.
- Ray Tracing in One Weekend series - Those three short books explain basic concepts of path tracing and implement a software renderer from scratch.
- Book Of Shaders - The author introduces shaders from an artistic perspective, and the book covers many topics that more engineering-focused resources such as "Learn OpenGL" won't cover.
Meta-links
- GPU Optimization for GameDev
- Volumetric Clouds Resources List
- Awesome Computer Vision
- Awesome Gamedev - Lots of graphics-related stuff.
- Physics-Based Animation - Contains learning resources and papers.
- Graphics Programming Weekly - Article Database
- Graphics Studies Compilation - Adrian Courrèges - Handy compilation of frame breakdown articles
- Readings on Physically Based Rendering - A collection of resources related to PBR rendering
- Computer Graphics Resources Materials for Self Study
- Resources for Beginning Graphics Programming
- graphics resources
- Awesome Computer Graphics (waitin2010)
- Fun with Computer Graphics
- Awesome Graphics Libraries - engines & frameworks
- Awesome Computer Graphics (luisnts)
Advice
- Courses
  - How to learn graphics programming (but not in a hurry): self-study edition - A Twitter thread on how to learn graphics programming
  - Finding Your Home in Game Graphics Programming - Presents a high-level overview of the rendering world and resources for getting started in the different specializations
  - Insider guide to tech interviews - An in-depth analysis of the interview process for experienced developers
  - Graphics Programming – Where To Start? - Advices and resource recommendation for beginning learner
Math
- Tutorials
  - Math For Game Devs - Video Series from Freya Holmér
- Books
  - immersive linear algebra - Free online book with interactive figures.
  - Mathematics for Computer Graphics
  - Mathematics for 3D Game Programming and Computer Graphics, 3rd Edition
  - Foundations of Game Engine Development, Volume 1: Mathematics - Introduces math routines with implementations. It also touches Grassman algebra.
- Homogeneous Coordinate
  - A trip down the graphics pipeline: the homogeneous perspective transform
- Rotation
  - Gimbal lock confusion - Computer Graphics Stack Exchange
- Quaternions
  - Visualizing quaternions - A great intereactive introduction/refresher for quaternions. It focuses on intuition rather than mathematical definitions.
- Linear Algebra / Matrices
  - GPUOpen Matrix Compendium
  - 3Blue1Brown Youtube Channel - general math topics, good for linear algebra and calculus.
- Geometric Algebra
  - Let's remove Quaternions from every 3D Engine - Introduces *Rotors* in Geometric Algebra.
- Curves and Surfaces
  - The Beauty of Bézier Curves
  - Bézier Curves - An interactive explanation and exploration of Bezier curves
- Implementing Math Library
  - On Vector Math Libraries
  - GDC18 - Linear Algebra Upgraded - Designs an affine space type library with distinct vector and point types, and also uses template and union hacks to implement vector swizzling in C++.
  - CppCon 2018: Valentin Galea “Rapid Prototyping of Graphics Shaders in Modern C++” - Also implemented swizzling with similar techniques.
- Circular/Spherical harmonics
  - Circular Harmonics: Digging in circles
  - Spherical Harmonics for Beginners - Cover the fundamentals of using Spherical Harmonics without delving into the math deeply
  - Spherical Harmonics in Graphics: A Brief Overview
  - Spherical Harmonics - Insights And Fundamentals
  - Spherical Harmonic Lighting
  - Stupid Spherical Harmonics (SH) Tricks
- Geometry
  - Visualizing Delaunay Triangulation
Ray Tracing
- Intro to Ray Tracing
  - An Improved Illumination Model for Shaded Display - Turner Whitted's original Ray Tracing paper.
  - Lecture 18: Monte Carlo Rendering (CMU 15-462/662) - Including a very good introduction to importance sampling.
  - Global Illumination Compendium - overview of ray tracing/path tracing techniques.
  - Creating a physically-based path tracer
  - Lecture 18: Monte Carlo Rendering (CMU 15-462/662) - Including a very good introduction to importance sampling.
  - An Improved Illumination Model for Shaded Display - Turner Whitted's original Ray Tracing paper.
- Ray Tracing Books
  - Physically Based Rendering: From Theory To Implementation Third Edition - The definitive book for offline rendering.
  - Ray Tracing Gems - Like other "gems" books, it contains standalone chapters on various ray tracing topics.
  - Advanced Global Illumination - An advanced book that focuses on light transport theory.
- Algorithms
  - Bidirectional Estimators for Light Transport - Introduces *bidirectional path tracing*.
  - Monte Carlo Methods for Light Transport Simulation - the Academy Award-winning Ph.D. thesis by Eric Veach. It starts from *bidirectional light transport algorithms* and introduces *multiple importance sampling* and *Metropolis light transport*
- BVH
  - A Survey on Bounding Volume Hierarchies for Ray Tracing - Excellent overview paper on BVH.
- Sampling & Variance Reduction
  - Lecture 19: Variance Reduction (CMU 15-462/662)
  - Flavors of Sampling in Ray Tracing
  - Stratified Sampling of Spherical Triangles
  - Distributing Monte Carlo Errors as a Blue Noise in Screen Space by Permuting Pixel Seeds Between Frames
  - A Low-Discrepancy Sampler that Distributes Monte Carlo Errors as a Blue Noise in Screen Space
  - Rendering in Real Time with Spatiotemporal Blue Noise Textures
  - What is direct lighting (next event estimation) in a ray tracer?
  - Much Ado About Sampling
  - Spatiotemporal reservoir resampling for real-time ray tracing with dynamic direct lighting - combines RIS+MIS with reservoir sampling and demonstrates the reservoir merging capability to perform resampling across space and time
  - Lecture 19: Variance Reduction (CMU 15-462/662)
- Intersection
  - Static Object Intersections - Real-Time Rendering Resource Page - A collection of intersection algorithms.
- Denoising
  - Ray Tracing Denoising - Alain.xyz
  - Ray Tracing Filtering - Alain.xyz
  - Edge-Avoiding À-Trous Wavelet Transform for fast Global Illumination Filtering - Classic paper that introduces a fast and simple filter for real-time ray tracing denoising
- GPU Ray Tracing
  - Megakernels Considered Harmful: Wavefront Path Tracing on GPUs
Rasterization
- Graphics Pipeline
  - A trip through the Graphics Pipeline 2011
  - Creative Use of GPU Fixed-Function Hardware
- Shading Techniques
  - Graphics Pipelines for Young Bloods - Discuss various tradeoffs between different graphics pipeline techniques
  - A Primer On Efficient Rendering Algorithms & Clustered Shading - Same as the above article but delves deeper with clustered shading
- Culling
  - Optimizing Software Occlusion Culling
- Depth Buffer
  - Depth Precision Visualized
- Software Rasterization
Graphics Effects
- Normal Mapping
  - Three Normal Mapping Techniques Explained For the Mathematically Uninclined
  - Normal Mapping - Learn OpenGL
- Shadow
- Ambient Occlusion
- Reflection
  - Screen-Space Reflections Explained
- Transparency
- Ray Marching and SDF
- Line, Edge, and Outline Drawing
  - Drawing Lines is Hard - Summarizes the problem of GPU line primitives and introduces techniques for drawing triangulated lines.
  - Instanced Line Rendering Part I - Builds on the foundation from "Drawing Lines is Hard" and uses instance rendering to draw lines.
  - Instanced Line Rendering Part II: Alpha blending - Continue of the above article, and introduces a way to do alpha-blending with triangulated lines.
  - 5 ways to draw an outline
  - The Quest for Very Wide Outlines
- Text Rendering
  - Learn OpenGL: Text Rendering
  - bitmap font renderer
- Tessellation
  - Tutorial 30: Basic Tessellation
- Sprite Rendering
  - Modern (Bindless) Sprite Batch for Vulkan (and more!)
- Atmosphere Scattering
  - Precomputed Atmospheric Scattering
- Grass Rendering
  - Responsive Real-Time Grass Rendering for General 3D Scenes
  - Procedural grass rendering - Outerra - Is an inspiration of the following talk
  - Procedural Grass in 'Ghost of Tsushima'
- Hash Functions
  - PCG Family of Hash Functions - Hash Functions for GPU Rendering
- Dithering
  - Anisoptera Games - How to Fix Color Banding with Dithering - Dithering for functional purposes (fixing color banding on gradients).
  - Dithering on the GPU - describe a novel algorithm for ordered dithering based on an arbitrary palette
PBR
- Grass Rendering
  - Physically Based Rendering in Filament
  - PBR - Learn OpenGL
  - Everything (or most things) wrong with learnopengl.com/PBR/Theory
  - Crash Course in BRDF Implementation
  - Physically Based Shading at Disney
  - Deriving Lambertian BRDF from first principles
  - Basics of physically-based rendering
  - Real Shading in Unreal Engine 4 - discusses the PBR model adopted by Epic Games in their 4th Unreal Engine installment. A large part of Learn OpenGL PBR chapter is adapted from this source
Textures
- Mipmapping
  - Pyramidal Parametrics - The original Mipmap paper.
- Texture Compression
  - Understanding BCn Texture Compression Formats - describes a family of lossy hardware-based texture compression formats called BCn
- Texture Bombing
  - GPU Gems Chapter 20. Texture Bombing
  - Texture bombing 3 samples - a shader from Inigo Quilez (modified by huwb) that shows how to perform the GPU Gems technique using 3 texture samples instead of 4!
  - On Histogram-Preserving Blending for Randomized Texture Tiling - attempts to resolve artifacts you get when blending two textures together (also only using 3 texture samples, plus a lookup table per texture
Shader Programming
- Texture Bombing
  - shadertoy smoothstep demo
  - Shader Derivative Functions - Useful for normals.
  - How to read shader assembly
  - ShaderToy Advanced Tricks
Compute
- Introduction to compute shader
- GPU Architecture
  - CIS 565 GPU Programming and Architecture - A course that introduce parallel programming with a Computer Graphics flavor.
  - Gentle introduction to GPUs inner workings - This article summarizes some lower-level aspects of how GPU executes. It uses the Vulkan API terminology, but the concept is largely platform-independent.
  - GCN – two ways of latency hiding and wave occupancy
  - Breaking Down Barriers
  - How does a GPU Shader work?
  - Compute Shaders: Optimize your engine using compute / Lou Kramer, AMD
  - RDNA Architecture Whitepaper
  - AMU RDNA2 Performance guide
  - The Peak-Performance-Percentage Analysis Method for Optimizing Any GPU Workload
  - [video
- Parallel Algorithms
- Atomics
  - CUDA Pro Tip: Optimized Filtering with Warp-Aggregated Atomics
Color, HDR, and Tone Mapping
- Atomics
  - Supporting Native HDR Monitors - OurMachinery
  - Introduction to Color Theory for Games, Art and Tech - Shahriar Shahrabi
  - Tone Mapping - Introduces the theory of Tone Mapping and talks about some commonly used Tone Mapping Operators
Sampling and anti-aliasing
- Atomics
  - A Pixel is not a Little Square! - Classic paper on misconception of "a pixel is a little square." It also serves as an introduction to sampling.
  - Basics of Image Resampling
  - Computing the Discrepancy with Applications to Supersampling Patterns
  - Generating Antialiased Images at Low Sampling Densities
  - Temporal Anti Aliasing – Step by Step
  - The Accumulation Buffer: Hardware Support for High-Quality Rendering (SIGGRAPH 1990)
Animation
- Atomics
Geometry
- Geometry representations
  - Lecture 10: Meshes and Manifolds (CMU 15-462/662) - Great overview, and also spend significant time on the half-edge data structure
  - Lecture 10: Meshes and Manifolds (CMU 15-462/662) - Great overview, and also spend significant time on the half-edge data structure
- Iso-surface methods
- Libraries
  - Geometry Central - A modern C++ library of data structures and algorithms for geometry processing, with a particular focus on surface meshes.
Physics and Simulation
- Physics-Based Animation
  - SIGGRAPH University 2019 Course - An Introduction to Physics-Based Animation - A three-hour fast-paced introduction to Physics-Based Animation
  - CSC417/CSC2549-Physics-based Animation Fall 2021 - Introductory lecture for a course in physics-based animation.
  - SIGGRAPH University 2019 Course - An Introduction to Physics-Based Animation - A three-hour fast-paced introduction to Physics-Based Animation
- Attractors
  - Strange Attractors on the GPU series
- Optics
  - Make Your Bokeh Fascinating + related SIGGRAPH 2015 Course
APIs
- Ray Tracing API
  - The RTX Shader Binding Table Three Ways - Talks about shader binding table with RX12, Vulkan, and Optix
  - Ray Tracing Gems II - An extension for the above article
- OpenGL
  - docs.gl - OpenGL API Documentation.
  - GLConstantsTranslator - This page has the names of most OpenGL constants with their respective decimal and hex values. It is useful when certain functions return GL constants.
  - Awesome OpenGL - Curated List for OpenGL.
  - Using Modern OpenGL to Avoid Common Errors - Talks about using features of post-4.2 OpenGL
  - docs.gl - OpenGL API Documentation.
- Vulkan
  - Vulkan Guide - The best "Vulkan Tutorial" available.
  - 3D Graphics Rendering Cookbook
  - Awesome Vulkan
  - Great Resources - Vulkan Guide
  - API without Secrets: The Practical Approach to Vulkan* - Part 1
  - VK_KHR_dynamic_rendering tutorial - A tutorial to Vulkan's dynamic rendering extension
  - Khronos: Streamlining Render Passes - Introduces the [VK_KHR_dynamic_rendering](https://registry.khronos.org/vulkan/specs/1.3-extensions/man/html/VK_KHR_dynamic_rendering.html) extension.
  - Khronos Talk on Descriptor Indexing
  - Vulkan Descriptor Indexing for Mobile
  - OurMachinery's Moving The Machinery to Bindless
  - DethRaid's Vulkan Descriptor Indexing
  - A note on Descriptor Indexing
  - Vulkan Pills 1: Bindless Textures
  - TheMaister's Yet another blog explaining Vulkan synchronization
  - Understanding Vulkan Synchronization
  - Vulkan Timeline Semaphores
  - A simple Vulkan Compute example
  - Vulkan Subgroup tutorial. AKA wavefronts
  - Writing an efficient Vulkan renderer
- DirectX 12
  - Reader Question Answered 1 - Learning D3D12 - A roadmap for learning DirectX 12
  - Raw DirectX 12 - An introduction to writing a simple Hello Triangle DirectX 12 application.
  - Learning DirectX 12
  - Direct3D 12 programming guide
  - Resource Binding - Direct3D 12 Programming Guide
  - Bindless Texturing for Deferred Rendering and Decals
  - Binding Bindlessly
  - Wicked Engine: Bindless Descriptors
- WebGL
  - Awesome WebGL
System Design
- Renderer Architecture
  - SIGGRAPH 2021 REAC: Unity Rendering Architecture
- GPU-driven rendering
  - GPU Driven Rendering - Siggraph 2015
Scene Description
- GPU-driven rendering
  - Siggraph 2019 Hydra - Presentation slides for Hydra, which is an open-source framework to transport live scene graph data to renderers.
General Programming
- Meta-links
- Engine Development
- Performance Optimization
  - Algorithms for Modern Hardware - This book contains great info on getting the best performance by looking at the actual hardware.
- High-level Programming
  - Game Programming Patterns
- Game loop
  - Game Loop - Game Programming Patterns
  - Fix Your Timestep!
- Floating-point numbers
  - Floating-point in mobile shaders
  - Onboarding floating-point - A series about floating-point numbers by Mike Acton
- Memory Allocation & Management
Tools/libraries
- Debuggers
- Denoiser
  - Optix Denoiser
Assets
- Polygonal Model & Scene
  - McGuire Computer Graphics Archive - OBJ format scenes.
  - ORCA: Open Research Content Archive - Free large graphics scene samples.
  - Rendering Resources - Benedikt Bitterli - Scenes in Tungsten, Mitsuba, and pbrt-v3 formats.
  - Three Dimensional Scans - some three-dimensional scans of animals and statues.
  - Stanford 3D Scanning Repository - a bunch of scanned reconstructions
  - The Base Mesh - CC0 mesh collection
  - PolyHaven - Public 3d asset library, also CC0
  - Intel Sponza and Graphics Research Samples Library - Intel's revamped high-resolution Sponza model and a couple of related pieces
  - Quaternius Free Game Assets - Low poly models, CC0
  - MIT CSAIL Sample OBJ Models - A couple of models provided by MIT
- Materials
  - ambientCG - Public Domain materials for Physically Based Rendering.
  - Physically Based - A database of physically based values for CG artists
- Voxel Data
  - TU Wien Volume Data - Listed in their collection of publications.
  - Open Scientific Visualization Datasets - Large collection of CT scans of various objects.
  - Stanford Volume Archive - Several volume datasets (CT/MRI).
  - NIH Visible Human Dataset - Cryosection and MRI/CT data of a male and female cadaver.
  - MorphoSource - Enormous library of 2D and 3D data, mesh and voxel, of biological samples and cultural objects.
  - Osirix MANIX and other test DICOMs

Programming Languages

Categories

Graphics Effects 44 APIs 35 Ray Tracing 27 Math 23 Compute 19 General Programming 19 Assets 18 Meta-links 15 Rasterization 13 PBR 8 Geometry 7 Overview 6 Sampling and anti-aliasing 6 Animation 6 Textures 5 Beginner friendly 5 Physics and Simulation 5 Shader Programming 4 Tools/libraries 4 Advice 4 Color, HDR, and Tone Mapping 3 System Design 2 Scene Description 1

Sub Categories

Vulkan 19 Atomics 16 Grass Rendering 11 Sampling & Variance Reduction 10 Polygonal Model & Scene 10 GPU Architecture 10 Books 8 DirectX 12 8 Shadow 7 Memory Allocation & Management 7 Texture Bombing 7 Software Rasterization 7 Ray Marching and SDF 6 Voxel Data 6 Transparency 6 Courses 6 Circular/Spherical harmonics 6 Ambient Occlusion 6 Intro to Ray Tracing 6 Line, Edge, and Outline Drawing 5 OpenGL 5 Parallel Algorithms 4 Iso-surface methods 4 Introduction to compute shader 4 Debuggers 3 Denoising 3 Ray Tracing Books 3 Implementing Math Library 3 Physics-Based Animation 3 Meta-links 3 Engine Development 3 Shading Techniques 2 GPU-driven rendering 2 Curves and Surfaces 2 Materials 2 Floating-point numbers 2 Text Rendering 2 Graphics Pipeline 2 Normal Mapping 2 Geometry representations 2 Game loop 2 Ray Tracing API 2 Algorithms 2 Dithering 2 Linear Algebra / Matrices 2 Hash Functions 1 Rotation 1 Tutorials 1 BVH 1 Atmosphere Scattering 1 Intersection 1 Optics 1 GPU Ray Tracing 1 Homogeneous Coordinate 1 Performance Optimization 1 Denoiser 1 Quaternions 1 High-level Programming 1 WebGL 1 Geometry 1 Mipmapping 1 Reflection 1 Texture Compression 1 Renderer Architecture 1 Depth Buffer 1 Attractors 1 Sprite Rendering 1 Libraries 1 Culling 1 Tessellation 1 Geometric Algebra 1

Keywords

awesome 2 awesome-list 2 game-engine 2 art 1 board-games 1 curated 1 design 1 frameworks 1 game-design 1 game-development 1 game-jam 1 game-programming 1 gamedev 1 games 1 list 1 amd 1 arm 1 khronos 1 nvidia 1 opengl 1 qualcomm 1 vulkan 1 vulkan-api 1 vulkan-libraries 1 rust 1 computer-graphics 1 3d-game-engine 1 3d-graphics 1 graphics-engine 1 graphics-libraries 1 graphics-library 1